US2157610A - Valve for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

May 9, 1939. R, JARDINE' VALVE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed June 29, 1957 x \\\-.& uIIIY/// INVENTOR,

kPatented May 9, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE VALVE FOR INTERNAL ENGINES COMBUSTION Application June 29, 1937, Serial No. 150,964

2 Claims. (Cl. 12S-188) This invention relates to internal combustion engines and more particularly to an improved valve for such engines.

It is well known that during the operation of internal combustion engines considerable valve trouble arises from the fact that carbon and other material collects on the valve'stem and guide, particularly on and adjacent that portion of the valve stem which operates in theupper end of the guide. These deposits have a tendency to prevent the valve from seating fully, which results in overheating and burning of the valve, and, ultimately, in valve failure. Many devices have been proposed heretofore to prevent or eliminate these deposits'and their attendant-disadvantages, but such devices have not been generally successful or satisfactory. By the improved valve of the present invention, these 'difficulties are substantially overcome, asn will be explained more in detail hereinafter.

It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide novel internal combustion engine valve means in which the depositing of carbon or other material, tending to interfere with the operation of the valve, is substantially eliminated.

Another object of this invention is to provide a novel combustion engine valve having a collar or land on the stem thereof adapted to operate in a portion of the valve guide opening to prevent the deposit of material on the valve stem and guide.

A further object of this invention is to provide a novel exhaust valve fr an internal combustion engine in which a land `or collar, formed on the valve stem and of larger diameter than the stem, is adapted to operate in an enlargement of the valve guide opening and is so located, with respect to the head of the valve, that it will project part- I Way from such enlargement when the valve is in its open position;

Other objects ana a will be apparent F avantages cof this invention i the following description,

when taken in con,`r unction with the accompany- 'Fig 3 is a fragmentary sectional view on the` order of that of Fig. 1 but showing the land or collar of the valve stem in its ertreme upper posltlon.

In the accompanying drawing, to which more detailed reference will presently be made, there has been shown one embodiment of a novel internal combustion engine Valve means, but it shouldv be understood that the drawing is to be regardedv as illustrative and that the invention may be embodied in' various other internal combustion engine valves and valve arrangements.

In Fig. 1 of the drawing there is shown an en# gine block I0 having an annular valve seat or ring I I disposed around an end of the passage I2, and also having a tubular portion providing a hollow valve guide I3 which extends substantially coaxially with respect to the valve seat.` A valve I4, embodying the novel construction of the present invention, has a head I5 which cooperates with the valve seat II t9 control the passage I2 and a stem I1 which is adapted to be reciprocated in the opening of the guide I3 for moving the head to its open and closed positions. The present invention is especially applicable to exhaust valves and, in the embodiment here illustrated, the passage I2 may be a passage for exhaust gases and the valve I4 may be an'exhaustlvalve. Although the inventionJ can be readily applied to different types of valves and to valves of solid construction, the valve shown in this instance is one of the hollow type; that is,-having a chamber I8 in which a quantity of metallic sodium is confined by the plug I9 and the we1d20.

To prevent the deposit of carbon or other material on the valve stemn and on the valve guide,

which, asmentioned above, would interfere with f the proper seating and operation of the valve, tha'stem ofthe valve is provided with a land or collar 2I and the opening of the guide is provided with an enlargement 22 in which the land or collar of the valve stem operates The land or collar is of larger diameter than tl1e valve stem and, although it is preferably formed as an integral part of the stem, it canbe made as a.V separate ring or sleeve and united to the stem. The di;- ameter of the land or collar is onlyslightlysmaller than that of the enlargement 22 so that it will operate smoothly in the enlargement and yet will have a scraping and pumping action therein.

The enlargement may be formed as a counterbore in the guide I3, or may be formed by inserting a I guide sleeve ory bushing 23 in the guide opening as shown in Fig. 1, with the upper end of such .fates in the enlagement22 of the guide' open-- ing, during reciprocation of the valve, it preand guide and thus eliminates much of the valve vents the deposit of carbon on the valve stem and guide at this point by exerting more or less of a scraping action on the guide and by producing somewhat of a pumping action which tends to keep the space below the collar free of deposit forming gases and material. The collar or land is of a length and is located, with respect to the head of the valve, such that it will projectpart-way out of the enlargement 22, as shown in Fig. 3, when the valve has been moved to itsy open position. In thus causing the collar or land to overrun the upper end of the guide open- `ing, it was found that the scraping and pumping action produced thereby is more effective in eliminating or discouraging the deposit of carbon or other material at this point. In addition to the scraping and` pumping action already referred to, it was found that the collar or land also provides a seal around the valve stem which prevents material from traveling downwardly along the valve stem and forming a deposit at a lower point on the stem and guide.

I t will also be seen from the drawing that the enlargement 22 of the valve guide provides a space or chamber which surrounds the valve stem beneath the land or collar 2l and that the volume of this chamber changes during the reciprocation ofthe land in the enlargement to thereby produce the above-mentioned pumping action. During downward movement of 'the valve stern the volume of the chamber is reduced and `any gas which may be in the chamber below the land will be subjected to compression thereby causing a blowing of gas upwardly past the land and this will tend to prevent carbon par ticles from traveling downwardly past the land into the chamber therebelow.

Fromthe foregoing description and thesaccompanying drawing, it will now be readily seen that a novel form of internal combustion engine valve has been provided which, in use, substantially prevents the deposit of carbon or other material on the valve stem and valve guide. It will be seen further that the land or collar provided `on the valve stem to operate in an enlargement of the guide opening prevents the deposit of carbon or other material on the stem trouble heretofore encountered in the operation of internal combustion engines.

Although the present invention and improvement has been illustrated and described in detail, it will be understood, of course, that the invention is not to be regarded as limited to the precise construction and arrangement herein disclosed, but includes such changes and modications as do not constitute a departure from the spirit of the invention and scope of the appended claims.

What is Aclaimed is:

1. In combination, a valve guide having an opening with an enlargement `at its upper end, and an exhaust valve having a stem operable in the guide and an annular collar of larger diameter carried by the stem and operable in said enlargement for preventing the deposit of ma.- terial on the stem and guide, the stem below the collar being slidable in the guide and a portion of said enlargement providing a chamber around the stem below the collar.

2. In apparatus of the character described, a. valve seat, a valve guide havingy an opening substantially coaxial with said seat, said guide opens the head such that it will project part-way from said enlargement when the valve is in its open position and being also spacedfrom the lower end -of the enlargement whereby a portion of the enlargement provides a chamber below the collar. y

LOUISE SMITH JARDINE, Administratrrc of the Estate of Robert Jardine,

Deceased.

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