US2157304A - Loom - Google Patents

Description

A. V. PULLINS LOOM Filed Dec.

30, 1937 5 Sheets-Sheet l XNVENTOR fl w d V Pad/ms. BY

A GRNEY y 1939; A. v. PULLINS 2,157,304

I LOOM Filed Dec. 30, 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 A. V. PULLINS May 9, 1939.

LOOM

I 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Dec. 30, 1937 INVENTOR zifwoad I/ Pal/ms B T OR Y 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 A. y. PULLINS LOOM Filed Dec. so, 1957 May 9, 1939.

INVENTQR flfwaod V Pu/l/hs A. V. PULLINS LOOM Filed Dec. 30, 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR wd 1/ Pal/ms. a I

ATTORNEY Patented May 9, 1939 UNITED STATES LOOM Atwood V. Pullins, Kansas City, Mo., assignor of one-half to Charles Hipsh, Kansas City, Mo.

Application December 30, 1937, Serial No. 182,486

7 Claims.

This invention relates to looms, particularly to those of the hand operated type, and has for its principal object to provide a loom of this character capable of high speed and accurate opera tion for economically producing a high quality fabric of uniform Weave.

Other important objects of the invention are to provide the loom with a positive control for regulating movement of the beater whereby the weft threads are all beat up to a positive forward point at the fell of the cloth with the same degree of spacing, effecting a definite number of weft threads per inch; to provide means for maintaining uniform tension on the warp; to provide a throwing mechanism for actuating the shuttle which is readily synchronized with movement of the beater and heddles to permit a substantially rythmic operation; and to provide the loom with an improved harness for suspendingly actuating the heddles.

In accomplishing these and other objects of the invention, as hereinafter pointed out, I have provided improved details of structure, the pre ferred form of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. l is a longitudinal section through a loom embodying the features of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross-section through the loom on the line 22 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the end of the loom which supports the cloth beam roll and particularly illustrating the take-up mechanism therefor, and its connection with the beater.

Fig. 4 is a detail plan view of the cloth beam roll driving mechanism.

Fig. 5 is a detail view of the ratchet, ratchet operating pawl, and click for controlling take-up operation of the cloth beam roll in synchronism with the beater.

Fig. 6 is a detail perspective sectional view through the beam roll upon which the warp threads are wound, and. particularly illustrating I the brake mechanism which cooperates with the cloth beam roll actuating mechanism in maintaining uniform tension on the warp.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary horizontal section through the loom on the line 'l'I of Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view of one of the cross heads and its guide for operably connecting the beater with the controlling mechanism for maintaining a constant amplitude of movement for the beater.

Fig. 9 is a horizontal section through the control mechanism on the line 99 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 10 is a detail perspective View of the stationary and movable members of one of the beater control mechanisms.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged perspective view of one of the rollers carried by the movable member and ii engageable with the fixed member of the control mechanism.

Fig. 12 is an enlarged detail perspective View of the shuttle box end of the shuttle track, particularly illustrating one of the pickers for effecting 10 throw of the shuttle along the shuttle track.

Fig. 13 is a cross-section on the line I3-I3 of Fig. 12, particularly illustrating mounting of the picker.

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary side elevation of one 15 of the picker guides, particularly illustrating the spring for forming a bumper to limit movement of the picker and for effecting throw of the shuttle.

Fig. 15 is a detail perspective view of one of the 0 heddles.

Fig. 16 is a detail perspective view of the ratchet pawl, its operating lever for actuating the cloth beam roll, and the pawl throw-out lever.

Fig. 17 is a detail section on the line I'I--II of 5 Fig. '7.

Referring more in detail to the drawings:

I designates a loom constructed in accordance with the present invention and which includes a frame 2, having side members 3 and 4 each ineluding a horizontal beam 5 supported on legs 6 and I spaced from the ends thereof as best shown in Fig. 1. The side members 3 and 4 are connected by a base frame 8 attached to the lower ends of the legs 6 and by cross bars 9 connecting the upper ends of the legs and the horizontal beams 5, as shown in Fig. 1. The rear ends of the horizontal beams are also connected by a cross bar In over which the warp threads are drawn as later described. Carried by the base frame 8 is a vertical post II supporting a weavers seat I2 at a point substantially midway between the side frames. Rotatably journaled in suitable brackets I3, carried by the legs I, is a shaft I4 supporting a warp beam I5. The warp beam I5 includes disks I6 fixed to the shaft I4 and carrying a circular series of bars N that are attached to the peripheries of the disks to form an open cylinder or drum. The bars I! are provided along the length thereof with spaced pins I8 to separate the warp threads I9 which may vary in color depending upon the pattern being woven into the cloth.

At each end of the drum is provided a space v for brakes 2|], each including a cable 2| extending around the periphery thereof and having one end attached to an adjustable eye bolt 22 carried by a bracket 23 projecting from the cross bar 9 and its opposite end connected with a tensioning spring 24 that is anchored to a cross bar 25 adjustably secured to the leg I by selectively attaching it to one of a series of pins 26 projecting forwardly from the edges of the legs as shown in Fig. 6. By adjusting the bar 25, on selected pairs of pins, tension of the spring 24 is varied to vary braking action of the cable on the roll.

The warp threads extend upwardly over the bar l0 and forwardly of the machine through heddles?! and 28, through a reed (later described), over a cloth beam roll 29, and over a padded roll 30. The roll 29 extends transversely of the frame adjacent the front ends of the beam 5 and has its shaft 31 journaled in ball bearings 32 carried by the side frames. The roll 30 is carried on arms 33 that are swingingly mounted on pivots 34 at a point below the roll 29. The opposite ends of the arms are provided with notched seats 35 to removably mount the ends of the shaft 36 carrying the roll 30. The roll 30 is retained in yielding contact with the roll 29 by coil springs 31 having one end attached to the beams 5 and their opposite ends to the arms as best shown in Figs. 1 and 4. The roll 29 is preferably covered with a non-slip material, such as sandpaper or the like 38, to prevent slippage of the woven cloth in holding tension on the woven cloth and warp threads. One end of the shaft 3| projects through the outer side of the adjacent beam 5 and carries a gear 39 that meshes with an idle gear 40 that is rotatably mounted on a stub shaft 4| adjustably positioned in an arcuate slot 42 of a supporting plate 43, the supporting plate being attached to the outer side of the frame and spaced therefrom as shown in Fig. 4. Fixed in driving relation with the gear 40 is a larger gear 44 that meshes with a driving gear 45 on a ratchet gear shaft 46 rotatably mounted in the plate 43. Also fixed on the shaft 46 on the side thereof adjacent the beam 5 is a ratchet wheel 41 having teeth 48 adapted to be engaged by a pawl 49 and a click 50 to respectively effect advance rotation of the ratchet gear and prevent retracting rotation thereof under pull of the woven cloth and warp threads.

The pawl 49 has a hook-shaped upper end 5|, and has its lower end fixed to a block 52 pivotally mounted on an actuating lever 53. The lever 53 is pivoted at one end, as at 54, on the beam 5 and has its opposite end extending rearwardly of the machine and is connected with the beater 55 by link and arm connections 56 and 51. The pawl is retained in yielding contact with the teeth of the ratchet wheel by a spring 59, having one end attached to a pin 59 depending from the pivoted end of the lever 53 and its opposite end to a pin 60 depending from the block 52. The pawl 49 may be selectively moved away from the ratchet wheel by means of a lever 6| pivotally supported in a clamp block 62 attached to the under side of the beam 5, and which has an actuating arm 63 provided with a lateral handle 64 projecting toward the Weaver's seat. The lever 6| carries a laterally extending finger 65 for engaging the side of the pawl opposite to the spring 58. It is thus apparent that when the lever 63 is swung retractively, the finger 55 moves the pawl out of engagement with the ratchet teeth to disconnect it from driving relation with the ratchet wheel.

Extending upwardly from the beam 5, at a point about midway between the legs 6 and I, are uprights 66, carrying a cross bar 61 at their opposite ends to suspend a heddle carrying frame 68. The frame 68 includes upper and lower bars 69 and 10 connected at the ends by vertical bars H and 12. The frame 68 is adjustably suspended from the bars 61 on rods '13 and 14 extending loosely through openings I5 in the cross bar and carrying wing nuts 16 engaging the upper side of the bar. The depending ends of the rods extend through aligning openings '2'! in the bar 69 and carry wing nuts 18 and I9 engaging the upper and lower sides of the bar 69 to rigidly connect with the frame. Carried by the lower bar 10 of the frame, are spaced heddle frame supporting stops to support the heddles in their lowermost positions.

The heddle frames 2! and 28 are of conventional construction and include rectangular frames 83 and 84 carrying the heddles 85 through which the warp threads are passed as in conventional loom practice. The heddle frames are suspended from a horizontal shaft 86, having its ends journalled in bearing blocks 8'! and 88 carried on the lower ends of rods 89 and 90 having their upper ends extending through suitable openings 9| in the bar 69 and through aligning openings 92 in the bar 6'! to be connected therewith by wing nuts 93 and 94 engaging the upper and lower sides of the bar 57, as best shown in Fig. v2. The heddle frames are suspended from the shaft 86 at the respective ends of cables 95 and 96 which extend through openings 9! and 98 in the shaft, the ends of each cable being connected with eyes 99 and I0!) on the heddle frames. The heddle frames are alternately raised and lowered by means of treadles I8! and I02 that are pivoted, as at I03, to blocks I04 carried by the base frame 8 at a point below the weavers seat l2. The treadles carry pedal blocks I95 and H16 to be engaged by the weavers feet. The free ends of the treadles are pivotally connected with the respective heddle frames by rods fill and H18 extending through suitable openings H19 in the lower cross bar of the frame 68.

The heddles in one frame are staggered relatively to the heddles in the other frame, and they are provided with eyes H0 to pass the warp threads, alternate warp threads being engaged by the heddles in one frame and extending between the heddles in the other frame so that they are divided into two sets, one set being actuated by one treadle and the other set by the other treadle. Thus, when the weaver presses one of the two treadles, one of the heddle frames is raised and with it one set of warp threads to effect decussation or crossing of alternate warps to form a shed through which the shuttle is passed as later described.

The beater 55 includes a rectangular frame having a lower cross bar H I that is connected with the back of the base frame 8 by hinges I I2 as best shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Fixed to the ends of the lower bar III are uprights or swords H3 which extend between the heddle supporting frame and the cloth beam roll, previously described, and their upper ends are connected by means of a handle bar or hand rail H4 that is adapted to be grasped by the weaver to effect oscillation of the beater as later described.

Carried by the uprights H3, at a point below the hand rail, is a shuttle track I I5 having its ends projecting through notches H6 and H1 cut in the upper edges of the beams 5 to carry shuttle guides M8 and H9 best illustrated in Fig. 12, the guides being formed by spaced flanges I20 and I 2f projecting upwardy on opposite side edges of the shuttle track and which are provided with slots I22 and I23 to accommodate guide rods I24 and 525 having their ends supported at the ends of the slots. Slidably mounted on the guide rods are pickers I26 for one set of guides, and a picker I21 for the other sets of guides. The pickers each include a block I28 having ends freely movable in the slots of the guides and provided with openings I29 for passing the guide rods. Fixed on each of the blocks, intermediate the ends thereof, is a bumper pad I30 for engaging the ends of the shuttle I3I, later described. Also fixed to the center of each block, in aligning relation with the pads, are guards I32 having forwardly and upwardly curved ends I33 to catch the shuttle when it is propelled from one end of the track to the other.

The pickers are operated by a shuttle throwing mechanism I34 including cords I35 and I36 extending through openings I31 in the respective guide blocks and which are secured thereto by knotting the ends as indicated at I38. The cord I35 is threaded through pulley blocks I39 and I40 carried by the cross bar 61, with the pulley I49 located substantially midway of the loom. The cord I 36 is threaded over a pulley MI, located in substantially the same spaced relation from the side of the loom as the spacing of the pulley its. The free ends of the cord depend from the pulleys I t!) and I 4| and are connected by a D- shaped handle I42 adapted to be grasped by the hand of the operator and swung from side to side with a downward movement to effect alternate actuation of the pickers in synchronism with oscillation of the beater and movement of the heddles. The shuttle is of standard construction and contains a cop on which the weft threads are wound, as in conventional practice. In order to absorb the shock of the pickers when they are drawn to the inner ends of the guides, the guide rods are provided with coil springs I 43 and M4 having one end engaging the ends of the slots and their opposite ends engaging washers I45 on the rods to be engaged by the respective picker blocks. Carried upon the shuttle track, and projecting upwardly therefrom, is a reed I46 for engaging and beating home the weft as the weaving progresses. The hand rail II 4 has a groove I56 in its lower edge to cooperate with seating grooves I5I and I52 in the shuttle race track and a clamping bar I53 to mount the reed.

As above pointed out, it is one of the important objects of the present invention to provide a better quality of cloth by compaction of the weft responsive to controlling amplitude of movement of the beater. It is, therefore, necessary that all of the strokes of the beater be exactly of the same length and to effect this control, the heater is connected with control mechanisms I56 and I51, each including disks I58 fixed to the ends of a shaft I59 that extends transversely of the machine, back of the beater, and which is indirectly supported by brackets I60 and I6I that are attached to the cross bar 9, previously described. The disks are spaced from the brackets to accommodate fixed disks I62 that are rigidly attached to the brackets by fastening devices, such as cap screws I63. The disks I62 have laterally extending annular flanges I64 encircling a central hub I65 to form inner and outer races I66 and I61 engaged by inner and outer sets of rollers I68 and I69. The rollers IE8 and I69 are carried on antifriction bearings I'Iil supported on stub shafts I1I having eccentrically positioned threaded shanks I12 extending through openings I13 in the rotary disks as shown in Fig. 9. The ends of the stub shafts I1! form shoulders I14 for engaging the outer sides of the rotary disks, and which cooperate with nuts I15 that are threaded onto the shanks to rigidly retain the shafts in adjusted position on the rotary disks to keep the rollers in rolling contact with the respective tracks, and thereby eliminate play incidental to thrust of the connecting pitmans. The hubs I65 are of sufficient inner diameter to freely pass the shaft I59 so that the shaft and rotary disks are directly carried by the rollers in bearing contact with the tracks. In case wear occurs be tween the rollers and their tracks, play is removed by adjusting the stub shafts relatively to their eccentric mounting. This is accomplished by loosening the nuts and turning the shafts by means of a suitable tool insertable in fixed openings I16 in the stub shafts so that they may be rotated to bring the rollers into snug engagement with the i tracks. After the adjustment, the nuts are again tightened to retain the shafts in adjusted position.

The rotary disks carry wrist pins I'II that mount antifriction bearings I18 that are seated in 3 suitable openings I19 formed in the ends of pitmans I89, having their opposite ends provided with similar antifriction bearings I8I that are mounted on pins I 32 projecting from a cross head block I83 having openings I84 for slidable mounting upon guide rods I85 and 186. The guide rods I85 and IE5 have their ends fixed within supporting blocks I81 and I623 attached to the inner faces of the beam 5, as best shown in Fig. 7. Connected with the cross head blocks I83, by means of connecting bars I89 are similar cross head blocks Iflfi carrying pins I9I having antifriction bearings I92 seated within openings in the ends of links E93. The opposite ends of the links connect by means of a similar antifriction bearing 49 3 with pins I95 projecting laterally from the side members I I3 of the batten frame.

With the construction thus described, it is obvious that the rotary disks are retained for rotation about a fixed axis and that due to the rolling contact of the rollers in engaging relation with the inner and outer races of the fixed disks, there is very little friction and they have entirely free rotation to avoid dead center positions.

With the eccentric arrangement, the beater is caused to dwell for a greater length of time at the rear of its stroke than at the forward end of its stroke to give sufficient time for the operator to throw the shuttle through the shed that is formed in the decussation of the warp threads. rotary disks are also constructed so that they are heavy enough to act as fly wheels giving a smooth action to the movement of the beater. In order to prevent longitudinal play of the shaft E59 it is provided with spaced collars I96 and I81 engaging the respective sides of an antifriction bearing 593 that is carried on a bracket I99 which is fixed to the cross member s.

In operating a loom constructed and assembled as described, and assuming that the warp threads are threaded through the eyes of the heddles and through the dents of the reed to extend over the rolls 29 and 39, the Weaver positions herself on the seat I2 with the right and left feet respectively engaging the pedal blocks of the treadles, the left The hand grasping rail H4 and the right hand the handle N2 of the shuttle throwing mechanism. With one .treadle depressed and the other in its upper position, the alternate warp threads are spread apart to form the shed above the shuttle race, as shown in Fig. 1. Then, by giving the handle a sharp jerk with a slight swinging motion in the direction that the shuttle is to be propelled, the shuttle is driven by the engaged picker between decussated warp threads to the opposite end of the shuttle track where it is stopped by the picker. The beater is then swung forward in the direction of the weaver to beat up the weft thread that has been deposited by the shuttle in the shed formed by spreading of the Warp threads. The treadles are then alternately operated to reverse spreading of the sets of warp threads, whereupon the shuttle is again driven through the shed over the shuttle track to lay a weft thread in the shed of the warp. The beater is again drawn forward to beat up the deposited weft. Since the beater can only be moved to a fixed point relatively to the fell of the cloth, all of the weft threads are drawn up to the same degree and have uniform spacing. During actuation of the beater, the roller 29 is operated to effect movement of the cloth. This is effected through the arm 51, link 56, pawl lever 53, and pawl 50 to move the ratchet wheel 41. Movement of the ratchet wheel operates gears 45, 44, 39 and 38 to efiect corresponding movement of the roll 29. Feed of the cloth may be adjusted by applying gears 45 of different diameter on the shaft 45. When this adjustment is made, the shaft 4| is positioned in the arcuate slot 42 to accommodate the larger size gear. Reciprocation of the beater is controlled by reason of the eccentrically mounted wrist pins on the rotary disks and their rotation about the fixed axis of the cooperating disk members which carry the bearing race tracks. Therefore, all of the weft threads are beat up the same distance to maintain uniform spacing of the weft threads as above noted.

From the foregoing it is obvious that I have provided a loom which is capable of high speed and accurate operation for economically producing a high quality fabric of uniform weave, the latter being effected by maintaining constant tension on the warp threads and by elfecting an exact degree of spacing imparted to each weft thread incidental to controlled movement of the beater.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

i. In a loom, a beater, means oscillatably supporting the beater, control means for the beater including a rotary member, inner and outer annular race tracks, means for rigidly supporting the race tracks on the loom, inner and outer sets of rollers on the rotary member engageable with the respective race tracks, and eccentric means connecting the rotary member with the beater.

2. In a loom, a beater, means oscillatably supporting the beater, control means for the beater including a rotary member, inner and outer annular race tracks, means for .rigidly supporting the race tracks on the loom, inner and outer sets of rollers on the rotary member engageable with the respective tracks, a cross head guide, interconnected cross heads on the guide, a Wrist pin on the rotary member, a pitman connecting one of the cross heads with the wrist pin, and a link connecting the other cross head with the beater.

3. In a loom, a beater, means oscillatably supporting the beater, control means on the beater including a rotary member, a supporting member having inner and outer annular race tracks, inner and outer sets of rollers having adjustable support on the rotary member and engageable with the respective race tracks, and eccentric means connecting the rotary member with the beater.

4. In a loom, a beater, means oscillatably sup porting the beater, control means for the beater including a pair of rotary members, inner and outer annular race tracks associated with the respective rotary members, means for rigidly supporting the race tracks on the loom, inner and outer sets of rollers on the rotary members engageable with the respective tracks, means interconnecting the rotary members, and eccentric means connecting the rotary members with the beater.

5. In a loom, a beater, means oscillatably supporting the beater, control means for the beater including a pair of rotary members, inner and outer annular race tracks associated with the respective rotary members, means for rigidly supporting the race tracks on the loom, inner and outer sets of rollers on the rotary members engageable with the respective tracks, cross head guides, interconnected cross heads on the guides, crank means on the rotary members, pitmans connecting one of the cross heads of each guide 'With the crank means, and links connecting the other cross heads of each guide with the beater.

6. In a loom, a beater, means oscillatably supporting the beater, control means for the beater including a rotary member and a stationary member, inner and outer annular race tracks on one of said members, inner and outer sets of rollers on the other member engageable with the respective race tracks, and eccentric means connecting the rotary member with the beater.

'7. In a loom, a beater, means oscillatably supporting the beater, control means for the beater including rotary and stationary members, inner and outer annular race tracks on one of said members, inner and outer sets of rollers on the other member engageable with the respective tracks, a cross head guide, interconnected cross heads on the guide, a wrist pin on the rotary member, a pitman connecting one of the cross heads with the wrist pin, and a link connecting the other cross head with the beater.

ATWOOD V. PULLINS.

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