US2157012A

US2157012A - Refrigerating apparatus

Info

Publication number: US2157012A
Application number: US649341A
Authority: US
Inventors: Lawrence A Philipp
Original assignee: Nash Kelvinator Corp
Current assignee: American Motors Corp
Priority date: 1932-12-29
Filing date: 1932-12-29
Publication date: 1939-05-02
Anticipated expiration: 1956-05-02

Description

y A. PHIL IPP REFRIGEHATING APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Dec. 29. 1932 Fig. I.

w w Z8 INVENTOR. Hence :9. Burr W B. (Bum,

ATTORNEY.

a 1 v. w W 1 Q w.

May 2, 1939.

L. A. PHILIPP REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Original Filed Dec. 29, 1932 S Sheets-Sheet 2 mvsmox. James/ms 19. PIIMIPP ATTORNEY.

May 2, 1939.

L. A. PHILIPP REFRIGERA'IING APPARATUS Orig nal Filed Dec. 29, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. Anvezmz 4. Pam/PP ATTORNEY.

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1/ elementJ- 1 v Another object is to arrange for controlling Patented M 2, 1939 UNITED STATES 2,157,012 v REFRIGERATING APPARATUS, Lawrence A. Bhillpp, Detroit, illicit, esslgnor' by memo outs, to Nesh-Kelvlnator ort 11:01:011, Detroit, Mich, a corporation of Mary- 4 n l .Bencwed 16 Claims;

- This invention relates-to reirigeretingsappa- ,rartus -andf more texticulerly to refrigerating apparatus of the type'zincluding'primary and secondary refrigerating-systems. lp In ereirigerating apperetus'oi' the type'whi'ch includes a primerjretrigetating system and a seconds-y refrigerating system oijthe closed new type wherein the cooling elementoi; the primary system i's-looated in heat'itransfer relation with Application :16 the condenser of the secondaryfor condllsilig reiflgerent inthesecondsry system, It hes been ioundd'esirahle to install-the coolingelement'of the system-fend the'condenser of the {system below-the booli'nglele 1 ment of the seodnfiery' system. In ahappnzatns of this type; some means should be'provi-dedior efie'cting npwerd new or liqijid refrigerant .inthe secondary systern t'o .thetooling elexj'nenffrom -the cond" enser; i, Idgccbrdance' with inyntion, I provide means Ior-dehvering-liduifl'refrigerant fro the secondary condenser to'thesecondaiy cooling element'loceted nbo've the-condenser in a." closed flow.secondary system. ""3 e 86 Anoth'er'obiect of my' invh'tion'isjto proyide a. vapor lift-pump for circulating'iiquid refrigerent in a closet flow refrigernting system. It-is a further object to eifct the flowof liquid refrigerant from'the secondary condenser to the secondary cooling elemehtin responsetochanges in temperature of the secondary cooling element, orin response to changes in' te nperature'in the compartment cooled by the secondary cooling tretions of modified forrns of refrigerating appal- 5 ratus' embodying features Of)! inyention;

10 is an enlarged, fragmentary, diagram;- matic illustration 01f a portion of the. apparatus p e v j ii is anqenlargedview in cross section of the. vapor lift pump: used for supplying liquid bet-20.1932} se'mljno. 649,841

(cree refrigerant to the cool! arysystemm '1 I i Referring to .the drawings, and 'partlcmerlsi [to F oth nu mii'l'll deslsnates in 'senere primary .refljgerating andt nnnijeml '22 ngelehients oi the secondsystem, arranged inheattransferz' relation" with the primary system for:- condensing evaporated refrigerant in the s t 'I he prim system ill .colnprises',j m"general, eoonipressor' 4-. motor 35 ior-opereting'the com- 1 pressos; condenser 26, reesi 'v eelhehd aliquidreirigerenteyapcretorl-or cooling element {But The compressor 14 withdraws evaporated refrigerant from-the cooling element through 'nftapor conduit 30, compresses the evaporeted refrigerant 941d delivers: it to. the cbndenserlyherein it -is liquefied and from which it -.1s to the feceivenf Liquid refrigerant is, supplied {to-}-the cooling element thrQ 8h=a-liqu1'd,.liqPP con'ouit 32- under the control of an expansion-vein 34.

erabiy of the closed flow type wherein} pressures throughout the system ;snbs tentinlly equal at .all times, and comprises, in'generhi, 9. refrigerant cooling element 86 and. a. --r'efriger- .Thesecondary refrigerating syste nfiis prefant condensing element ill, whiohds in good thermal contact with the cooling 2!" of the primary system. 10 for condensing'evaporated refrigerant in the secondarysystem. The secondm system also-includes a liquid supply conduit 40 shad a, vapor conduit 42 for returning vaporized refrigerant to the condenser-to beconis suitable for refrigerating many type 01' storageflcompartmentsdncluding, for example.

" An apparatus of type hereinbefore as'torage space-provided m vehiciescf the type used fortransporting foods sndthe like. -Inan installation of this type,, it has been found desimbleto position the condenser of the secondary system below the: cooling elementotthe secondary system. Also, the cooling element and controi valves therefore! the primary system may be piacedbelow the-coolingelement of the secondary. This arrangement is odvantageous inthe event it isde'sired to have ready access to the entire primary systemend contram-should it'be desired to makere'pairs or to. remove-from and insert cn'enthenew primary system: ,Thus; the cooling element oi-tlm secondarygsystem megbe oce dn iii-oent the top j of the space in the 'vehioleeli -ot th'epertsof the primery in the lower part of the 'vehicleirhere may be easily had thereto. with such an arrangement, however, it is necessary to provide some means for delivering liquid refrigerant from the condenser oi the secondary system to the cooling element of the secondary system.

In order to provide means for delivering liquid refrigerant from the condenser 38" to the cooling element 86, I have arranged the secondary systom 22 in heat transfer relation with a relatively warm part of theprimary system to cause some of the liquid refrigerant in the secondary system to boil sufliciently to pick up liquid refrigerant and force slugs of the said liquid into the cooling element. The relatively warm part .of the primary system employed for heating refrigerant in the secondary system, as shown in Fig. 1, constitutes the liquid supply conduit 32 which contains relatively warm, high pressure liquid refrigerant. This conduit is placed in good thermal contact with vapor leg 44 of the secondary system 22. Preferably, the supply conduit ill and vapor leg 44 are soldered together. As shown in Fig 11, the vapor leg includes a vertically extending portion ands. pair of laterally extending segmental ends 41 which are Joined to the liquid conduit 40 and inopen-communication therewith. By this arrangement, liquid refrigerant enters the lower laterally extending end 4| -of the vapor leg 44, and in the vertically extending portion 46 it is heated by the warming eifect'of the primary system, which causes the refrigerant to boil. This arrangement permits the evaporated refrigerant to pass out of the upper end 41 of the vapor leg and upon entering the liquid conduit 40 liquid is picked up and delivered to the cooling element 36. N0 evaporated refrigerant passes from the vapor leg back into the condenser due to the resistance offered by the relatively large body of liquid refrigerant therein. Thus, it will be noted that by the use of artificial heating means a vapor lift pump is provided for supp ing liquid refrigerant to the secondary cooling element 36. In order to maintain ,a quantity of liquid, in the cooling element, I have positioned the end 48 of supply conduit s40 near the upper part of the said cooling eleinent.

7 In order to render the. vapor lift pump or vapor leg 44 more eifective, I have disposed in the portion 46 an ebullition initiator 50. Preferably, the ebullition initiator isof capillary structure, such, for example, as a. piece of'wood, although any suitable ebullator which has a lower inter-facial tension with liquid refrigerant than the liquid engagi maybeusedr ments are insulated As shown in Fig. 1, the cooling element 36 is disposed in a compartment 5|, which may be the food storage space of the vehicle, and the cooling element 28 and'condenser "are located-inn compartment 52. Preferably, these compartfrcm the outside atmosphere, and, preferably, but not necessarily, from each other. Under some conditions the cooling elements 28 and 36 and the condenser 38 may be located in the same insulated compartment.

Preferably, the primary system 20 isintermittently operated. In order to control-the operation of the primary system, I have provided a thermostatically controlled switch 55. To this switch is connected a fluid containing thermostatic bulb 51 which is disposed within the compartment ii for controlling the operation of the switch 55 in response to changes intemperature within the compartment El. The switch '65 opens in a frozen condition.

'4 switch and evaporator 84. v a of this type areweli known in the art and as and closes the circuit between the power mains 58 and motor 25 in response to changes in temperatures within the compartment ii If desired, the thermostatic bulb 51 may be placed in contact with the cooling element 86 so that it is responsive to changes in temperature within the said cooling element.

In Fig. 2 of the drawings there is shown a refrigerating apparatus 60 which is of the type suitable for maintaining ice creams and the like The apparatus comprises, in general, a primary refrigerating system 65, and secondary refrigerating systems 61 and 68 which are adapted to be operated at different temperatures in a manner hereinafter described.

The primary refrigerant system comprises, in

general, a refrigerant cooling element or ,evapmetal shell 18, which is spaced from the inner shell to provide therebetween a space for liquid and gaseous refrigerant, The evaporator 14' is connected to condenser 15 .by means of a liquid supply conduit and a vapor return conduit 8|.

The secondary refrigerating system 68 comprises, in general, a refrigerant cooling element or evaporator 84, and a refrigerant condensing element 85 connected to the evaporator 84 by vapor return conduit 81, and aliquid supply conduit 88. The cvflpp fator 04' is formed by an inner sheet metal shelllli and an outer sheet metal shell ti, spaced from the inner shell to provide therebetween a space for refrigerant. The inner shells I1 and '90 serve as sleeves for the reception of ice creams or the like either in cans or package form. In order to effectively condense evaporated refrigerant in the secondary systems, the condensers Ii and 85 are placed in good thermal contact .with the primary 0001- ing element Ill. a c l As will be noted in Fig. 2, the ends of conduits and 8B, which are secured to evaporator-s l4 densers l5 Iand 85.. In orderto provide means ondary condensers to the secondary evaporators, I have provided electric heating coils 82 and 83. which are associated with portions of theliquid supply conduits and 88, respectively, outside of the compartment II. The supply of electric current to the heating coil 92is controlled by an automatic thermostatic switch '95. in the present case, I have provldeda thermostatic fluid containing bulb 9B, which is attached to evaporator 14 and associated with the switch for actuating said switch in response to changes in temperatures within the evaporator 14. The s pply of electric current to the heating coil- 93 is controlled by an automatic, thermostatically controlled switch 98. The switch 98 is operated the evaporator 84 by means of a thermostatic fluid containing .blllb 99 associated with said Automatic switches usedherein are adapted to independently connect one or the other or both of the heating coils to the power mains when thereis a demand fo for delivering liquid refrigerant front the sec-- in response tochanges 'in temperatures within refrigeration in either or both of the secondary evaporators.

In order-to control the temperatures within the evaporators .l4 and 84 and in'order' to maintain different temperatureshi' said evaporators, I propose to adjust the automatic switches 05 and 92 and 93 serve to heat the liquid refrigerant inthe liquid supply conduits B0 and i-espectively. to provide a vapor *liit pump for delivering liquid refrigerant to the evaporators 14 and 84.

' n will also be noted that when current is sup plied to these coils for different periods of time different temperatures can be maintained in the different refrigerant evapor'ators.

Any-suitable refrigerant condensing element may'be used for supplying refrigeration to the andfrom which it is supplied to the evaporator cooling element 10. As shown, the condensing element 12 comprises a compressor IIIILQmotor IIII for operating the compressor, condenser I02 and a high side float mechanism I03. The compressor withdraws evaporated refrigerantfrom the evaporator 10 through a vapor conduit I05, compresses the evaporated refrigerant and dclivers' it to the condenser wherein it is liquefied "III I-hrou'gh a liquid s pply conduit I06 under the control of the float mechanism I03. Preferably,

the condensing element 12 is intermittently operated. In order to control the operationof said element, I have provided an automatic switch III! which is responsive to changes inpressures The evaporator -I I3 and condenser I I4 are con-.

' numeral I, and the block of- CO: andcon- Fig. 3 discloses a modified form of apparatus in which a'block of solid CO: III is employed as .a primary refrigerating system. A secondary refrigerating system -I I2 is associated with the block of C0: or secondary system H0. The secondary refrigerating system comprises, in general. a refrigerant cooling element Ill, a refrigerant condenser .I I4, which supports the block of CO2.

nected by means of a liquid supply conduit H5 and a vapor return conduit 'IIIi. Liquid'refrlgerant is delivered to the evaporator Hi from the condenser I I4 by means of a vapor leg of vapor lift pump I'Il. The vapor leg Ill corresponds to the vapor leg 44 shown in Figs; 1 and- 11. Howcontrolled by means of a thermostatically Operate ed switch I20. A n apparatusof this type is suitable for installation, for example, in vehicles'used for transporting foodstuffs and the like.

tively large compartment I2I designated by the denser II4 are located in relatively small compartment I22 below "the cooling element I13.

-With such an arrangement, the cooling element I It may belocated near the top of the food stor age space 129 of. the vehicle and the compartment I22 may be located somewhere in the lower,

part of the vehicle so that access may. readily be had thereto for inserting additional solid CO posed within the compartment 1'20 to control the operation of the switch III in response to changes in temperatures within the compartment I20 I In Fig.4, there is shown azrefrigerating system I" which is of the closed flow type. The

system includes a refrigerant cooling element or evaporator I'll disposed within a compartment m, which may be the food'storage compartment of a household refrigerator, anda condenser Iti. The cooling element I12 and condenser I are connected by means of a liquid supply conduit I36 and a vapor return conduit Ill. A'

vapor lift pump I38, which corresponds to the vapor lift, pump '1, is used for delivering liquid refrigerant upwardly through the conduit I to the cooling element I 32 in response to changes in temperature within the compartment III by means of a thermostatically controlled switch I". The conduit I26 is" provided with a trap III to prevent the return of liquid refrigerant to the condenser from the evaporator when the pump Iilis not operating. The condenser I35 is preferably air cooled and is of the type suitable to be placed outside of the building in which the refrigerator cabinet is located sothat the vaporized refrigerant passing through the condenser will be condensed by the cooling effect of the temperatures prevailing outside of the building in which the refrigerator is located. If desired, however, the primary system 20 or system l5 may be used for condensing evaporated rerefrigerator is located are not low enough to condense sufficient refrigerant in system I".

Fig. 5 discloses the use of a refrigeratingsystem of the closed flow type for cooling parts of a refrigerant compressor I42. The compressor I42 may .be the same as compressors 24 and IIII and is provided with a jacketed wall"! which constitutes the cooling element of the refrigerating system; "The systemalso includes a condenser I45 located below the cooling element. A vapor .lift pump l" is provided for lifting liquid refrigerant to the cooling element. I48. An electric heating coil I48 forms a part ofthe pump I" and is'used to heat the liquid refrigerant therein, The c'ondenser' I 45 may be cooled in the same manner as the, condenser I35 is cooled. "Ihus, it will be noted that I have provided a refrigerating system for cooling parts, for instance, the cylinder wall and head of a refrigerant compressor. If desired, thecompressor I42 may beused for compressing gaseous refrigerant in the primary system 20 shown in Fig. 1. .When so used the heating coil I48 may be connected in series with the A5 shown, the evaporator ,I I3 is located in 9. I918? motor 25 so that it operates when I motor 25 operatea'or the compressor I42 may housed in a like'manner in primary system withthe heating coil I4Bcon'nected in circuit with the motor IOI. Also, if desired, the heating coil may be controlled by a thermostatic switch and thermostatic bulb (not shown). which is responsive to changes in temperatures of the-jacketed wall I42.

Fig.6 showsa cabinet itlland a refrigerant evaporator I52 which is formedof'two spaced apartshe'et metal shells [53 and l5; These shells form the wallsof a food storage compartment I55. Adjacent the lower part of and between the-shellsls a' dam Iil'which divides the space between the two shells into two chambers-I" and Ill. The upper chamber In serves as the evaporating chamber and the lowerchamber I" serves as a condensing chamber for condensing refrigerant evaporated from the evaporating chamber. Liquid refrigerant is delivered from the condensing chamber to the evaporating chamber through a liquid supply conduit I82 and evaporated refrigerant is conducted from the vapor space in chamberI 58 to the condensing chamber I80 through a vapor conduit I". An electric heating coil I 85 is provided for providing a vapor lift pump for delivering liquid refrigerant upwardly in the liquid supply conduit I62. 'If

desired, the heating coil I" may be connected to an automatic switch responsive to changes in temperatures within the compartment lit in a like manner as the heating coil III shown in Fig. 3 is controlled. In order to condense the refrigerant in chamber I60, I have disposed a primary refrigerant evaporator I81 in thermal contact with the shell III. This evaporator I61 may be the same as evaporator I shown in Fig. 2 and may be connected to the condensing element I2 shown in Fig. 2.

The apparatus shown in Fig. 'I is similar to the apparatus shown in Fig. 3 and includes a refrigerant cooling element or evaporator ll of 70 .In the compartment I85. This is advantageous,

the type having downwardly extending refrigerant containing flns I II. The apparatus also includes a refrigerant condenser I II which supports -a block of CO: I" which constitutes the primary refrigerating system. The evaporator IIII is located in compartment I'll and the condenser Ill and block of C0: are disposed below the evaporator ill in a compartment Illl. A vapor lift pump ll! responsive to changes. in temperatures in compartment I18 is provided for delivering liquid refrigerant to the evaporator. In this embodiment of the invention, I provide an electrically operated fan I I! for forcing air about compartment I" and evaporator I".

Fig. 8 discloses a closed flow refrigerating systemwhich is the same as the closed flow system shown in Fig. '7. However, the manner of controlling the two systems is different. In the device shown in Fig. 8 liquid refrigerant is supplied to a refrigerant cooling element or evaporator II! from a condenser Ila through a liquid supply conduit III! by 'means of a vapor lift pump IIII. Evaporated refrigerant is'conducted from the evaporator I85 to condenser I" through a vapor conduit Isl. A block of solid 00: designated Ill is placed on the condenser I88 where it serves as a primary refrigerating system for condensing evaporated refrigerant in the secondary system. As shown, the evaporator I8! is disposed within a compartment I95. Also, within the compartment is! is disposed a fan I86 adapted to be driven by an electric motor I88. Preferably, the motord is controlled by a thermostatically controlled switch I which is operable in response to changes in temperature within the compartment I95. In order to control the operation of the vapor llft pump I80, I have connected an electric heating coil 200, which forms a part of the pump I90, in circuit with a humidostat 202. By this arrangement the supply of liquid refrigerant to the evaporator I8! is controlled in response to changes in humidity within the event it is'desired to store meats and the like in the compartment I95.

Figs. 9 and 10 show an apparatus similar to the apparatus shown in Fig. 3. However, the apparatus shown in Figs. 9 and 10 employs 9.

mechanical pump "I frigerant from a condenser Ill upwardly to a refrigerant evaporator 208. The pump 10! is arranged to be operated by an electric motor ZIII. Anapparatus of this type is suitable for installation in motor vehicles for cooling the food storage space thereof. When so installed the motor IIII may receive its electric current from a storage battery M2. In order to control the operation of the motor illl, I have provided a thermostatic switch 2 and thermostatic fluid containing bulb 2 I5, which is connected to switch 2" by conduit 2H3. Preferably, the bulb Iii is located in the compartment IIB which is cooled by the evaporator 208 so as to control the operation of the pump 205 in response to changes in temperatures in compartment 2I8. In addition to the automatic control switch 2" for controlling the electric circuit to the motor till, I have provided a switch 220 which is mounted on top of the condenser 201 so that when the block of solid C02, designated "I, is placed thereon the switch will be closed due to the weight of the block of C02. In practice, a spring (not shown) is provided for opening the switch when the block of CO: has melted entirely or to a predetermined degree.

In the diflerent types of refrigerating apparatus shown in Figs. 1 to 10, inclusive, It will be apparent that either of the electrically operated primary systems or 85 may be substituted for condensing evaporated refrigerant in the secondary systems in place of the blocks of solid CO: shown in Figs. 3, '7 and 8. Also, if desired, such substitution may be made for the block of C0: shown in Fig. 9 if the switch 220 is omitted.

In the closed flow refrigerating systems described hereinbefore, any suitable refrigerant may be used, such as 80:, or, if desired, suitable low pressure refrigerants, such as methyl formate, hexane or methylene chloride, may be used. By using low pressure refrigerants which have a higher boiling point, less vapor is needed to lift the liquid refrigerant. Thus, the heating coils may be smaller if low pressure refrigerants are used instead of high pressure refrigerants.

Also, the evaporators of the secondary systems may be constructed of thinner walls if low pressure refrigerants are used. In addition, I propose to use an cbullition initiator like the ebulator as shown in Fig. 11 in eachvapor pump so as to keep the size of the electric heating coils as small as possible and to reduce operation thereof to a minimum.

Although only preferred forms of the invention have been illustrated, and those forms described in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention or from the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

l. A secondary refrigerating system of the type having substantially the same pressure throughout and in which refrigerant is evaporated and condensed simultaneously comprising in combination, an evaporator, a condenser below the evaporator, a conduit connecting the outlet of the evaporator with the inlet of the condenser, a conduit connecting the outlet of the condenser with the inlet of the evaporator, and a pump associated with the second mentioned conduit for delivering liquid refor lifting liquid refrigerant from the condenser condensod refrigerant to the evaporator, and.

8. A secondary refrigerating system of the type having substantially the" same-pressure throughout and in which refrigerant is evapo- 5 rated and condensed simultaneously comprising in combination, an evaporator, a condenser below the evaporator a conduit connecting the outlet of the evaporator with the inlet of the condenser.

a conduit connecting the outlet of the condenser with the inlet ofthe evaporator, and means for controlling the temperature-of the evaporator ineluding a pump associated with the second mentioned conduit for lifting liquid refrigerant from thecondenser tothe evaporator and means re- :5 spon'sive to the t rature ofthe evaporator for controlling the pmnp..p I I 4. -A"seconda refrigerating system of the type having substantially the same pressure throughout and'in' which refrigerant is evaporated a'nd oon'densed simultaneously comprising in combination, an evaporator, a condenser below the evaporator, a conduit connectingthe outlet of theevaporator with the inlet of the condenser,

a conduit connecting the outlet of the condenser with the inlet of the evaporator, and means for controlling the temperature ,of the evaporator including a vapor lift pump'as'sooiated with the second mentioned conduit for lifting liquid refrigerant from the condenser to'the evaporator 40 and means responsive to the temperature of the evaporator forcontrolling the application of heat to said vapor lift pump. 5. A secondary refrigerating system of the type having substantially the same pressure through out comprising in combination, an evaporator, a condenser, a conduit connecting the outlet of the evaporator with the inlctoi the condenser for conductinggaseous refrigerant to the condenser, a conduit connecting the outlet of the condenser with the inlet of the evaporator for conducting means for controlling the temperature of the evaporator including a pump in the refrigerating.

circuit. and means responsive to the temperature of theevaporator for controlling thepump.

G. A secondary refrigerating Sys em of the type having substantiallythe same pressure throughout. comprising .in combination, an evaporator, a condensena conduit connecting the outlet of the evaporator with the inlet of the condenser,for conducting gaseous refrigerant to the condenser, a conduit connecting the outlet of the condenser with the inlet of the evaporator" for conducting condensed refrigerant to the. evaporator, and means for controlling the temperature of the evaporator including a p mp associated with the second-mentioned conduit and means responsive to the temperature of the evaporator for controlling the pump.

10 l. A secondary refrigerating system of the type having substantially the same pressure throughout comprising in combination, an evaporator, a condenser, a conduit connecting the outlet of the evaporator with the inlet of the condenser for 1a conducting gaseous refrigerant to the condenser,

a conduit connecting the outlet-of the-condenser withthe inlet. of the evaporator for conducting condensed refrigerant to the evaporator. and means for controlling the temperature of the evaporator including a vapor lift pump associated with the second-mentioned conduit and means responsive to the temperature of the evaporator 1 for controlling application of heat to said' vapo lift pump. a

ll. Refrigerating apparatus comprising in com-.

bination, a primary refrigerating system includinga'refrigeratingpcrtion and a portion maintained at a higher temperature than that'of the refrigerating portion; and a secondary refrigerating system including a condenser, in heat exchange relation with the refrigerating portion of the primary refrigerating system, an evaporator operatively connected with the condenser, said secondary refrigerating system having a portion in intimate heat exchange relation with the sec ond-#mentioned portion of the primary system for m liquidrefrigerant to flow in the secondary 9. Refrigerating apparatus comprising in combination, a primary refrigerating system including a refrigerating portion and a portion maintained at a higher temperature than that of the refrigerating p rtion; and a secondary refrigerating system including a condenser in heat ex-j change relation with the refrigerating'portion' of the primary refrigerating system, an evaporator operatively connected with the condenser, said secondary refrigerating system having assertion in intimate heat exchange relation with the second mentioned portion of the primary system fol' causing liquid refrigerant to. ilow in the secondary system; and means responsive to the temperature of, the evaporator for controlling the primary system.

10.. Refrigerating apparatus comprising in combination, a secondary -refr gerating system ineluding a condenser and an evaporator operatively connected with onelariother, a primary refrigerating system for cooling the condenser of "the secondary system and including a portion having a t mperature higher thanthe temperature of the secondary system, said portion being con- :nected in intimate heat exchange relation with a part of the secondary circuit for causing liquid refrigerant to how in the-secondary system.

11. Refrigerating apparatus comprising in combination, a secondary refrlgeratingsystem including a condenser and an evaporator operatively connected with one another, a primary refrigerating system for cooling the condenser of the secondary system and including a portion having a temperature higher than the temperature of the secondary system, said portion being connected -in intimate heat exchange relation with a part of the secondary circuit foreausing liquidrefrlgerant to flow in the secondary 8Y tern, and means responsive to the temperature of the tem.-

12. Refrigerating apparatus comprising in combination, a ..-secondary refrigerating system includinga lower condenser and an upper evaporator, conduit means connecting said elements,-

a primary refrigerating for cooling the condenser of the secondary. system and including .a portionhaving a temperature higher than the evaporator for controlling the primary systemperature ofthe secondary system, said pore tion being connected 'in'intimate heat exchange relation with said conduit means and forming therewith a vapor lift pump for lifting liquid refrigerant from the condenser to the evaporator.

13. Refrigerating apparatus comprising in combination, a secondary refrigerating system including a lower condenser and an upper evaporator, conduit means connecting said elements, a primary refrigerating system for cooling the condenser of the secondary system and including a portion having a temperature higher than the temperature of the secondary system, said portion being connected in intimate heat exchange relation with said conduit means and forming therewith a vapor lift pump for lifting liquid refrigerant from the condenser to the evaporator and means responive to the temperature of the evaporator for controlling the application of heat to said lift pump.

14. Refrigerating apparatus comprising sheets of metal joined with one another providing therebetween an evaporator and a. condenser for a secondary refrigerating system and providing a common refrigerating zone, and conduit means intenconnecting said evaporator and condenser for conducting gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator to the condenser and for conducting liquid refrigerant from the condenser to the evaporator.

15. Refrigerating apparatus comprising an inner sheet metal shell forming a compartment for food, an outer sheet metal shell Joined with the inner shell to provide between said shells an evaporator and a condenser of a secondary refrigerating system, said evaporator and condenser both cooperating to refrigerate said compartment, and conduit means interconnecting said evaporator and condenser for conducting gaseous v refrigerant from the evaporator to the condenser and for conducting liquid refrigerant from the condenser to the evaporator.

16. A cooling element for a secondary refrigerating system comprising sheets of metal Joined with one another and providing therebetween a condensing chamber and an evaporating chamher, the material forming said chambers also forming a common refrigerating zone.

LAWRENCE A. PHILIPP.

DSQLAIM ER 2,157,012.Lawrence A. Philipp, Detroit Mich. -Rnr'aionmi'rmo Armna'rns. Patent dated May 2, 1939. Disc aimer filed November {5, 1939, by the patentee; the assignee, Nash-Kelvinator Corporatum, approving,

Hereb enters this disclaimer to claims [0 W Gazette December 6, 1989.]

1 and 2 in said specification.

refrigerant from the condenser to the evaporator.

LAWRENCE A. PHILIPP.

Hereb enters this disclaimer to claims [0 W Gazette December 6, 1989.]

1 and 2 in said specification.