US2156100A - Planographic printing plate and method of making the same - Google Patents
Planographic printing plate and method of making the same Download PDFInfo
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- US2156100A US2156100A US97598A US9759836A US2156100A US 2156100 A US2156100 A US 2156100A US 97598 A US97598 A US 97598A US 9759836 A US9759836 A US 9759836A US 2156100 A US2156100 A US 2156100A
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Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 70
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 68
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 9
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 7
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 5
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 5
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940090898 Desensitizer Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 lithopone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002165 photosensitisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylenedisulfotetramine Chemical compound C1N(S2(=O)=O)CN3S(=O)(=O)N1CN2C3 AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
- B41N1/12—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor non-metallic other than stone, e.g. printing plates or foils comprising inorganic materials in an organic matrix
- B41N1/14—Lithographic printing foils
Definitions
- the present invention relates to planographic printing surfaces and more particularly to flexible composite planographic printing plates adapted for use in lithography, either offset or direct, and
- planographic printing surfaces provided by my invention while satisfactory for planographic and lithographic printing generally, are more particularly suitable for the reproduction of what is known to the art as direct images, such as wax crayon drawings, typewriting, etc. which may be placed directly upon the printing surface without the intervention of any photographic process.
- the printing surfaces of this invention 35 are also suitable for use Where photographic methods are employed, providing that the customary photo-sensitizing coatings are neutral or acid in reaction instead of alkaline as in common practice.
- Planographic printing as is well known, comprises printing from a smooth surface containing areas which are covered with ink and areas which remain blank.
- Stone, zinc, and aluminum are the most com- 50 monly used materials for planographic printing and the division of the printing art which uses these three materials is commonly known as lithography or lithographic printing.
- the essential features of lithographic printing are first the 55 provision of a plane surface which is inherently attractive to printing ink and to greasy and oily marking materials in general; secondly, the provision in this surface of the additional property of becoming desensitized or repellent to printing ink and other greasy materials when such 6 surfaces are chemically treated by methods which have been developed in the art over a long period of years. In stone. these two properties are a natural function of the porosity, absorbency, and surface texture or grain of the stone itself.
- the first of these properties,-attraction for ink- is an inherent quality of metals, while the second property is partly due to artificially graining the surface by light abrasion, and partly due to the chemical reacll tivity of the metals;
- the use of stone, zinc, and aluminum surfaces in lithography therefore, includes the application of a greasy image to such a grained or matte surface either directly or by the use of photography, which step is followed by a treatment of the remainder of the surface with certain chemical reagents such as gum arabic, phosphoric acid, etc., so to change the character of the metal or stone that printing ink will no longer adhere to it if any traces of Water are present.
- pianographic printing surfaces are provided which can be used for printing in special presses where the printing surface is alternately contacted with an inking device and with amoistening device.
- the printing plates so prepared continually take up ink on the image areas and transfer it to the print, while the i blank areas take up water from the moistening device and likewise transfer it to the print.
- I printing inks and water are mutually immiscible, there is no encroachment of one upon those portions of the plate occupied by the other. 49
- the press operator may add to the water used in the printing press moistening device a small amount of the same or similar chemicals as were used in the counter-etch or desensitizing operation. Glycerine has also been used as a further adjuvant to maintain the blank areas of the plate thoroughly wettable by water and therefore ink-repellent.
- the moistening fluid used in the printing press will be hereafter referred to as the-repellent whether it comprises plain water, or water to which gum arabic, phosphoric acid, glycerine, ammonium salts, etc. have 5' been added.
- the chemicals or solutions used in the original treatment of the'blank areas of the plate to render them water-retentive and ink-repellent will be referred to as desensitizers".
- a sheet of flexible material which may for example be paper, paper board, fibre, or suitable textile fabric.
- the sheet is preferably sufliciently thin and flexible to bend around a typewriter platen, but it should have the necessary strength for use on offset or rotary presses.
- This flexible sheet is preferably waterproofed, for example by varnishing or by impregnation with any convenient wax or resin composition.
- I may also use two or more plies of thin material such as paper stuck together with asphalt or other suitable waterproof adhesive.
- the degree of waterproofing may vary with the proposed use for the finished plate. For short runs of low quality printing it is not essential to achieve perfect waterproofing, while for longer runs of high quality work the base should be sufliciently waterproof to prevent misregister due to expansion.
- this flexible sheet To one or both surfaces of this flexible sheet, I apply a coating material which comprises a filler and a water-soluble binder, and which dries to a hard, compact, water-insoluble film or coating on the sheet. While this coating should be flrm, hard and coherent, it should also be sufficiently flexible to bend with the paper base and must not be brittle or subject to flaking or scaling. In addition, the coating must adhere firmly to the sheet, even when moistened with water or other repellent used on offset presses.
- compositions and mixtures are suitable for this coating.
- suitable binders casein, glue, shellac, rosin and albumin may be mentioned.
- suitable fillers mention may be made of clay, calcium sulphate, titanox, lithopone, silica and the like.
- formaldehyde may advantageously be included as an insolubilizing agent, and small amounts of water-miscible organic solvents such as methyl cellosolve may be added to promote firm anchorage to the base sheet.
- fillers or pigments in the coating is not absolutely essential, I find it preferable to incorporate them, since they promote flexibility and also afford means of obtaining a high white color in the finished product.
- my coating thus comprises a firm, compact, adherent film which is substantially water-insoluble after it is once dried, but which may be partially redissolved or softened by alkalies, and which will return to its water-insoluble condition again after redrying.
- Example 3 Per cent Glue- Alum Glycerine 2 Hexa methyline tetramine 1 Silica 30 Water 60 ordinary commercial sodium silicate and dilute it with five to fifteen volumes of water. The resulting solution is applied to the coating as by brushing, flowing or in any other convenient manner, and is allowed to stand in contact with the coating for a short time, sufficient to permit the casein, glue or other binder in the coating to become soft and plastic, due to the solvent action of the alkaline silicate.
- the coating is subjected to continuous, rapid agitation, as by brushing or scrubbing, and the agitation is continued during the brief period required for the softened and moist coating to dry out and harden sufficiently to retain the roughened surface or "gra.in imparted by this treatment. After a short period of further drying, either at room temperature or higher, the plate is ready for use.
- alkali or alkaline salt such as borax, lime, trisodiumphosphate, sodium aluminate and the like.
- alkaline salts which furnish an insoluble residue from their own structure.
- sodium silicate after interaction with the base coating of my composite plate, will produce precipitated silica.
- sodium aluminate furnishes a considerable volume of precipitated alumina or aluminum hydroxide.
- the additional solid matter derived from these alkalies becomes mixed and blended with the softened casein or other coating material during the final period of agitation. This has, among other beneficial results, the effect of adding to the total amount of filler used in the film.
- the agitation described above imparts a porous texture of grain to the surface of the coating, which renders this surface properly receptive to ink and other lithographic marking materials.
- the surface of my plate is also properly reactive to lithographic desensitizers.
- a planographic printing plate adapted for use in lithographing comprising a backing sheet composed of a material which is substantially non-stretching when subjected to the lithographing process, said sheet having thereon a flexible, substantially water-insoluble coating including an insoluble residue resulting from the reaction of a basic salt with other ingredients of the coating.
- a planographic printing plate adapted for use in lithographing comprising a backing sheet composed of a material which is substantially non-stretching when subjected to the lithographing process, said sheet having thereon a substantially water-insoluble coating including precipitated silica.
- steps which comprise providing a plastic surface on said plate, imparting a lithographic grain to said surface by agitating the same while in a plastic condition, then solidifying the surface to maintain the lithographic grain thereon.
- a process for preparing a plate for use in lithography which comprises preparing a backing sheet by treating a sheet of paper to render the same substantially waterproof and non-stretching when subjected to the lithographic process, applying to said backing sheet a coating of a material which will adhere tenaciously to said sheet and provide a substantially water-insoluble coating thereon, said coating being capable of being rendered plastic, and roughening the surface of said coating while in a plastic condition.
- a process for preparing a lithographic plate which comprises applying over a backing sheet a coating of a material which will adhere tenaciously to said sheet and provide a substantially water-insoluble coating thereon, said coating being capable of being rendered plastic, drying said coating, then rendering the surface of said coating plastic and agitating the same while in a plastic condition.
- a process of preparing a lithographic plate which comprises providing a flexible backing sheet which is substantially non-stretching when subjected to the lithographing process, coating said sheet with a coating comprising a filler and a water-soluble binder, said coating being capable of being rendered plastic, drying said coating to produce a flexible, substantially water-insoluble coating on the sheet, then rendering the surface of said coating plastic and agitating the same while in a plastic condition, and then drying the coating.
- a process of preparing a lithographic plate which comprises providing a flexible backing sheet which is substantially non-stretching when subjected to the lithographing process, coating said sheet with a coating comprising a filler, casein and formaldehyde, imparting lithographic properties to the surface of said coating by roughening the same while in a plastic condition. and drying the coating.
- steps which comprise providing a flexible backing sheet which is substantially non-stretching when subjected to the lithographing process, coating said sheet with a coating material which forms on said sheet a substantially water-insoluble coating capable of being rendered plastic by alkalis or alkaline salts, rendering the surface of said coating plastic by applying thereto an alkaline liquid, agitating the surface of said coating while in a plastic condition, and drying, the coating.
- a process of preparing a plate for use in lithography the steps which comprise providing a flexible backing sheet, coating said sheet with a coating material which forms on said sheet a substantially water-insoluble coating capable of being rendered plastic by alkalis or alkaline salts, rendering the surface of said coating plastic by applying thereto a solution of an alkaline salt, agitating the surface of said coating while in a plastic condition to impart lithographic properties thereto, and drying the coating.
- steps which comprise providing a flexible backing sheet, coating said sheet with a coating material which forms on said sheet a substantially water-insoluble coating capable of being rendered plastic by alkalis or alkaline salts, rendering the surface of said coating plastic by applying thereto a solution of an alkaline salt which, upon reaction with other ingredients of the coating, deposits an insoluble residue, agitating the surface of said coating while in a plastic condition, and drying the coating.
- steps which comprise providing a flexible backing sheet which is substantially non-stretching when subjected to the lithographic process, coating said sheet with a coating material which forms on said sheet a substan tially water-insoluble coating capable of being rendered plastic by sodium silicate, rendering the surface of said coating plastic by applying thereto sodium silicate, agitating the surface of said coating while in a plastic condition and drying the coating.
- a process of preparing a plate for use in lithography comprising coating 9. sheet of water repellent paper with a coating comprising silicious clay and a binder, drying the plate, treating the surface of the plate at least partially to redissolve the binder, then drying the plate.
- a process of preparing a lithographic plate comprising coating a sheet of waterproof paper with a coating comprising silicious material and a casein binder, drying the plate, rendering the surface of the plate alkaline to soften the binder and again drying the plate, whereby is produced a flexible lithographic plate having a surface texture which exhibits a definite affinity both for water and for lithographic marking material.
Landscapes
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
Description
iatentecl Apr. 25, 1939 UNITED STATES PLANOGRAPHIC PRINTING PLATE AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Francis L. Simons, Montclair, N. J.
No Drawing. Application August 24, 1936, Serial No. 97,598. Renewed September 26, 1938 13 Claims.
The present invention relates to planographic printing surfaces and more particularly to flexible composite planographic printing plates adapted for use in lithography, either offset or direct, and
to methods of making the same.
The planographic printing surfaces provided by my invention, while satisfactory for planographic and lithographic printing generally, are more particularly suitable for the reproduction of what is known to the art as direct images, such as wax crayon drawings, typewriting, etc. which may be placed directly upon the printing surface without the intervention of any photographic process. The printing surfaces of this invention 35 are also suitable for use Where photographic methods are employed, providing that the customary photo-sensitizing coatings are neutral or acid in reaction instead of alkaline as in common practice.
26 It is an object of this invention to provide an improved planographic printing surface which will be suitable for use with both photographic and hand transfer (direct) methods of application of the image. It is a further object of the 25 invention to provide a composite lithographic plate of suificient flexibility so that it may be used directly in the typewriter for application of direct' images.
Planographic printing, as is well known, comprises printing from a smooth surface containing areas which are covered with ink and areas which remain blank.
In the course of the printing operation the ink on the printing or image areas must be period- 95 ically renewed, usually after each successive copy is printed. However, it is impracticable to apply ink with any mechanical device to a planographic printing image without having the inking device also come in contact with the blank areas, and it 40 is therefore necessary in planographic printing to provide means whereby the original blank areas will remain blank and continuously refuse to take up any ink from the inking devices on the printing press. At the same time, any such means so provided must not interfere with the continuous application to and retention of ink by the printing or image areas.
Stone, zinc, and aluminum are the most com- 50 monly used materials for planographic printing and the division of the printing art which uses these three materials is commonly known as lithography or lithographic printing. The essential features of lithographic printing are first the 55 provision of a plane surface which is inherently attractive to printing ink and to greasy and oily marking materials in general; secondly, the provision in this surface of the additional property of becoming desensitized or repellent to printing ink and other greasy materials when such 6 surfaces are chemically treated by methods which have been developed in the art over a long period of years. In stone. these two properties are a natural function of the porosity, absorbency, and surface texture or grain of the stone itself. In 10 zinc and aluminum, the first of these properties,-attraction for ink-is an inherent quality of metals, while the second property is partly due to artificially graining the surface by light abrasion, and partly due to the chemical reacll tivity of the metals; The use of stone, zinc, and aluminum surfaces in lithography, therefore, includes the application of a greasy image to such a grained or matte surface either directly or by the use of photography, which step is followed by a treatment of the remainder of the surface with certain chemical reagents such as gum arabic, phosphoric acid, etc., so to change the character of the metal or stone that printing ink will no longer adhere to it if any traces of Water are present. Those skilled in the art refer to this chemical treatment as desensitizing or counter-etching. By the foregoing means, pianographic printing surfaces are provided which can be used for printing in special presses where the printing surface is alternately contacted with an inking device and with amoistening device. During the printing operations the printing plates so prepared continually take up ink on the image areas and transfer it to the print, while the i blank areas take up water from the moistening device and likewise transfer it to the print. As I printing inks and water are mutually immiscible, there is no encroachment of one upon those portions of the plate occupied by the other. 49
As a further precaution to aid in keeping the blank areas blank, the press operator may add to the water used in the printing press moistening device a small amount of the same or similar chemicals as were used in the counter-etch or desensitizing operation. Glycerine has also been used as a further adjuvant to maintain the blank areas of the plate thoroughly wettable by water and therefore ink-repellent.
As a matter of clearness, the moistening fluid used in the printing press will be hereafter referred to as the-repellent whether it comprises plain water, or water to which gum arabic, phosphoric acid, glycerine, ammonium salts, etc. have 5' been added. Similarly, the chemicals or solutions used in the original treatment of the'blank areas of the plate to render them water-retentive and ink-repellent will be referred to as desensitizers".
I have discovered that certain water-insoluble coatings as herein described may be converted into lithographic surfaces by treatment which involves partially dissolving or softening the coating and then drying the same.
In the preferred practice of my invention, I first provide a sheet of flexible material, which may for example be paper, paper board, fibre, or suitable textile fabric. The sheet is preferably sufliciently thin and flexible to bend around a typewriter platen, but it should have the necessary strength for use on offset or rotary presses.
This flexible sheet is preferably waterproofed, for example by varnishing or by impregnation with any convenient wax or resin composition. I may also use two or more plies of thin material such as paper stuck together with asphalt or other suitable waterproof adhesive.
The degree of waterproofing may vary with the proposed use for the finished plate. For short runs of low quality printing it is not essential to achieve perfect waterproofing, while for longer runs of high quality work the base should be sufliciently waterproof to prevent misregister due to expansion.
To one or both surfaces of this flexible sheet, I apply a coating material which comprises a filler and a water-soluble binder, and which dries to a hard, compact, water-insoluble film or coating on the sheet. While this coating should be flrm, hard and coherent, it should also be sufficiently flexible to bend with the paper base and must not be brittle or subject to flaking or scaling. In addition, the coating must adhere firmly to the sheet, even when moistened with water or other repellent used on offset presses.
Various compositions and mixtures are suitable for this coating. As examples of suitable binders, casein, glue, shellac, rosin and albumin may be mentioned. As examples of suitable fillers, mention may be made of clay, calcium sulphate, titanox, lithopone, silica and the like. In addition, formaldehyde may advantageously be included as an insolubilizing agent, and small amounts of water-miscible organic solvents such as methyl cellosolve may be added to promote firm anchorage to the base sheet.
While the use of fillers or pigments in the coating is not absolutely essential, I find it preferable to incorporate them, since they promote flexibility and also afford means of obtaining a high white color in the finished product.
Essentially, my coating thus comprises a firm, compact, adherent film which is substantially water-insoluble after it is once dried, but which may be partially redissolved or softened by alkalies, and which will return to its water-insoluble condition again after redrying.
Water 65 Example 2 Per cent Rosin 4 Ammonia 4 Titanox 10 Water 82 Depending on the hardness and purity of the grade of rosin used, one-half to five percent of rosin oil or similar softener may be added to promote flexibility.
Example 3 Per cent Glue- Alum Glycerine 2 Hexa methyline tetramine 1 Silica 30 Water 60 ordinary commercial sodium silicate and dilute it with five to fifteen volumes of water. The resulting solution is applied to the coating as by brushing, flowing or in any other convenient manner, and is allowed to stand in contact with the coating for a short time, sufficient to permit the casein, glue or other binder in the coating to become soft and plastic, due to the solvent action of the alkaline silicate.
In this plastic condition, the coating is subjected to continuous, rapid agitation, as by brushing or scrubbing, and the agitation is continued during the brief period required for the softened and moist coating to dry out and harden sufficiently to retain the roughened surface or "gra.in imparted by this treatment. After a short period of further drying, either at room temperature or higher, the plate is ready for use.
Instead of sodium silicate mentioned in the foregoing example, I may use any convenient alkali or alkaline salt, such as borax, lime, trisodiumphosphate, sodium aluminate and the like. I prefer in general to use alkaline salts which furnish an insoluble residue from their own structure. For example, sodium silicate, after interaction with the base coating of my composite plate, will produce precipitated silica. Similarly, sodium aluminate furnishes a considerable volume of precipitated alumina or aluminum hydroxide. The additional solid matter derived from these alkalies becomes mixed and blended with the softened casein or other coating material during the final period of agitation. This has, among other beneficial results, the effect of adding to the total amount of filler used in the film.
The agitation described above imparts a porous texture of grain to the surface of the coating, which renders this surface properly receptive to ink and other lithographic marking materials. The surface of my plate is also properly reactive to lithographic desensitizers.
I claim:
1. A planographic printing plate adapted for use in lithographing, comprising a backing sheet composed of a material which is substantially non-stretching when subjected to the lithographing process, said sheet having thereon a flexible, substantially water-insoluble coating including an insoluble residue resulting from the reaction of a basic salt with other ingredients of the coating.
2. A planographic printing plate adapted for use in lithographing, comprising a backing sheet composed of a material which is substantially non-stretching when subjected to the lithographing process, said sheet having thereon a substantially water-insoluble coating including precipitated silica.
3. In a process for preparing a lithographic plate, the steps which comprise providing a plastic surface on said plate, imparting a lithographic grain to said surface by agitating the same while in a plastic condition, then solidifying the surface to maintain the lithographic grain thereon.
4. A process for preparing a plate for use in lithography which comprises preparing a backing sheet by treating a sheet of paper to render the same substantially waterproof and non-stretching when subjected to the lithographic process, applying to said backing sheet a coating of a material which will adhere tenaciously to said sheet and provide a substantially water-insoluble coating thereon, said coating being capable of being rendered plastic, and roughening the surface of said coating while in a plastic condition.
5. A process for preparing a lithographic plate which comprises applying over a backing sheet a coating of a material which will adhere tenaciously to said sheet and provide a substantially water-insoluble coating thereon, said coating being capable of being rendered plastic, drying said coating, then rendering the surface of said coating plastic and agitating the same while in a plastic condition.
6. A process of preparing a lithographic plate which comprises providing a flexible backing sheet which is substantially non-stretching when subjected to the lithographing process, coating said sheet with a coating comprising a filler and a water-soluble binder, said coating being capable of being rendered plastic, drying said coating to produce a flexible, substantially water-insoluble coating on the sheet, then rendering the surface of said coating plastic and agitating the same while in a plastic condition, and then drying the coating.
'7. A process of preparing a lithographic plate which comprises providing a flexible backing sheet which is substantially non-stretching when subjected to the lithographing process, coating said sheet with a coating comprising a filler, casein and formaldehyde, imparting lithographic properties to the surface of said coating by roughening the same while in a plastic condition. and drying the coating.
8. In a process of preparing a plate for use in lithography, the steps which comprise providing a flexible backing sheet which is substantially non-stretching when subjected to the lithographing process, coating said sheet with a coating material which forms on said sheet a substantially water-insoluble coating capable of being rendered plastic by alkalis or alkaline salts, rendering the surface of said coating plastic by applying thereto an alkaline liquid, agitating the surface of said coating while in a plastic condition, and drying, the coating.
.9. In a process of preparing a plate for use in lithography, the steps which comprise providing a flexible backing sheet, coating said sheet with a coating material which forms on said sheet a substantially water-insoluble coating capable of being rendered plastic by alkalis or alkaline salts, rendering the surface of said coating plastic by applying thereto a solution of an alkaline salt, agitating the surface of said coating while in a plastic condition to impart lithographic properties thereto, and drying the coating.
10. In a process of preparing a plate for use in lithography, the steps which comprise providing a flexible backing sheet, coating said sheet with a coating material which forms on said sheet a substantially water-insoluble coating capable of being rendered plastic by alkalis or alkaline salts, rendering the surface of said coating plastic by applying thereto a solution of an alkaline salt which, upon reaction with other ingredients of the coating, deposits an insoluble residue, agitating the surface of said coating while in a plastic condition, and drying the coating.
11. In a process of preparing a plate for use in lithography, the steps which comprise providing a flexible backing sheet which is substantially non-stretching when subjected to the lithographic process, coating said sheet with a coating material which forms on said sheet a substan tially water-insoluble coating capable of being rendered plastic by sodium silicate, rendering the surface of said coating plastic by applying thereto sodium silicate, agitating the surface of said coating while in a plastic condition and drying the coating.
12. A process of preparing a plate for use in lithography comprising coating 9. sheet of water repellent paper with a coating comprising silicious clay and a binder, drying the plate, treating the surface of the plate at least partially to redissolve the binder, then drying the plate.
13. A process of preparing a lithographic plate comprising coating a sheet of waterproof paper with a coating comprising silicious material and a casein binder, drying the plate, rendering the surface of the plate alkaline to soften the binder and again drying the plate, whereby is produced a flexible lithographic plate having a surface texture which exhibits a definite affinity both for water and for lithographic marking material.
FRANCIS L. BIMONS.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US97598A US2156100A (en) | 1936-08-24 | 1936-08-24 | Planographic printing plate and method of making the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US97598A US2156100A (en) | 1936-08-24 | 1936-08-24 | Planographic printing plate and method of making the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2156100A true US2156100A (en) | 1939-04-25 |
Family
ID=22264218
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US97598A Expired - Lifetime US2156100A (en) | 1936-08-24 | 1936-08-24 | Planographic printing plate and method of making the same |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US2156100A (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2534588A (en) * | 1946-08-19 | 1950-12-19 | Warren S D Co | Paper base planographic printing plate |
US2681617A (en) * | 1947-11-28 | 1954-06-22 | Warren S D Co | Planographic printing |
US2693145A (en) * | 1948-03-09 | 1954-11-02 | Dick Co Ab | Lithographic printing plate and method of making |
US2721815A (en) * | 1951-01-19 | 1955-10-25 | Dick Co Ab | Method for manufacturing improved planographic printing plates |
US2732796A (en) * | 1951-05-17 | 1956-01-31 | Printing plates | |
US2741981A (en) * | 1948-06-28 | 1956-04-17 | Warren S D Co | Planographic printing plate and treatment thereof |
US3028804A (en) * | 1958-07-25 | 1962-04-10 | Azoplate Corp | Fountain solution for planographic printing |
US3083639A (en) * | 1959-07-06 | 1963-04-02 | Fitchburg Paper | Process for making planographic printing plates |
US3113511A (en) * | 1961-02-27 | 1963-12-10 | Harold R Dalton | Composite stencil-offset printing blank |
US3115829A (en) * | 1958-12-03 | 1963-12-31 | Int Paper Co | Planographic printing plates |
US3125021A (en) * | 1955-11-14 | 1964-03-17 | Smooth |
-
1936
- 1936-08-24 US US97598A patent/US2156100A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2534588A (en) * | 1946-08-19 | 1950-12-19 | Warren S D Co | Paper base planographic printing plate |
US2681617A (en) * | 1947-11-28 | 1954-06-22 | Warren S D Co | Planographic printing |
US2693145A (en) * | 1948-03-09 | 1954-11-02 | Dick Co Ab | Lithographic printing plate and method of making |
US2741981A (en) * | 1948-06-28 | 1956-04-17 | Warren S D Co | Planographic printing plate and treatment thereof |
US2721815A (en) * | 1951-01-19 | 1955-10-25 | Dick Co Ab | Method for manufacturing improved planographic printing plates |
US2732796A (en) * | 1951-05-17 | 1956-01-31 | Printing plates | |
US3125021A (en) * | 1955-11-14 | 1964-03-17 | Smooth | |
US3028804A (en) * | 1958-07-25 | 1962-04-10 | Azoplate Corp | Fountain solution for planographic printing |
US3115829A (en) * | 1958-12-03 | 1963-12-31 | Int Paper Co | Planographic printing plates |
US3083639A (en) * | 1959-07-06 | 1963-04-02 | Fitchburg Paper | Process for making planographic printing plates |
US3113511A (en) * | 1961-02-27 | 1963-12-10 | Harold R Dalton | Composite stencil-offset printing blank |
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