US2153568A - Gas detection apparatus - Google Patents
Gas detection apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2153568A US2153568A US141990A US14199037A US2153568A US 2153568 A US2153568 A US 2153568A US 141990 A US141990 A US 141990A US 14199037 A US14199037 A US 14199037A US 2153568 A US2153568 A US 2153568A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- film
- gases
- gas
- light
- roller
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/8483—Investigating reagent band
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/20—Oxygen containing
- Y10T436/204998—Inorganic carbon compounds
- Y10T436/205831—Carbon monoxide only
Definitions
- Patented Apr. 11, 1939 UNITED STATES This invention relates to alarm apparatus and more particularly to apparatus for the detection of dangerous or undesirable gases. Frequent disasters, including death and the destructionof property witness the need for and value. of such a paratus.
- the deadly gases which are of most common interest are carbon monoxide gas and illuminating gas.
- My invention therefore provides for single alarm units which may be installed in private or public garages, kitchens, or other partsof a residence, and which may be calibrated to function at a predetermined stage of gas concentration prior to the danger point to inhalers, or prior to any danger of combustion of the inflammable gases.
- my pparatus and the various mechanisms included'therein may be varied as necessary to adapt the vsame to use in coal or other mines. in the holds of ships, or elsewhere, where deadly or inflammable gases are likely to be present.
- My gas detecting apparatus may be used alone or in combination with a fire alarm apparatus, as
- While my present alarm system is adapted primarily to be operated directly by these gases when they are present in dangerous concentration, it may also be used in combination with the means set forth in the patent to Hunter and Johnson 1,993,788, of March 12, 1935, for detecting the presence of minute quantities of smoke or gas by a system of concentrating the same until a suflicient density is built up to operate the alarm.
- the most common deadly gases are colorless, and my invention includes means for causing such a reaction that such gases are either themselves rendered opaque or a film saturated with a solution is turned black by a reaction of the carbon monoxide or other gases with the chemicals of the solution so that its light reflective qualities are lost, the failure of light being the means of starting the system which warns of the presence of the deadly gases.
- v Fig. 1 is a longitudinal view partly in section of my apparatus
- Fig; 2 is asimilar transverse view.
- My invention includes a casing I, within which 55 is mounted on supports 2 a tank adapted to PATENT OFFICE 2,153,558 GAS DETECTION APPARATUS Chester W. Johnson, South Weymonth, Mala,
- Claim. receive the solution 4 which is fed into the tank 3 from the bottle or other reservoir 5, as and for the purposes hereinafter set forth.
- a solution which I have used successfully is a mixture of palladium chloride, distilled water and alcohol, 5 the last being added only where freezing of the solution is likely..
- Awhitefilm such as I use when saturated with such a mixture rapidly changes to black when the carbon monoxide concentration reaches .02 1
- a rubber covered roller 9 is fixed on a shaft it supported at one end by the bracket 11 and at its other end within the clock mechanism box l2, which standard mechanism (not shown) governs the rotation of the roller 9.
- On the shaft I9 is 15 mounted a gear ii in mesh with a second gear M which rotates the roller '1.
- This roller 1 is mounted on a shaft 6 disposed over the tank 3 and is covered by a wick 8, which wick covered roller 1 is immersed in the solution 4 in the tank 2
- a cloth film l5 from the reel l6, and to which film If! is attached a clamp weight II, the movement of which is controlled by the rubber covered roller 9, which, as indicated above, is retarded by the clock gear mechanism through the shaft ill.
- the cloth film ii therefore is constantly saturated with the solution 4 by means of the wick covered roll I between which and the rubber covered clock controlled roll 9 it constantly feeds.
- the film l5 passes over the small roller II from which it is pulled down straight by the weight I! parallel to the front wall la of the casing l.
- a light 22 is suitably mounted to shine on the moist white film showing through the opening 20 which, so long as it remains white, deflects the light to the photoelectric cell 23 which is mounted in the same electric circuit 24, this also including the solenoid 25. If the reflected light from the film II to the photoelectric cell 23 is interrupted as would happen if the chemical, with which the film I! is saturated, turned the same black as a result of the reaction therewith of a dangerous gas delivered to the opening 20 by the conduit 2
- the usual battery II is provided to operate the signal 28.
- the system may be restored to operating condition by lifting the rubber covered roller 0 and allowing the weight II to carry a fresh white section of film to be exposed at the opening 2.
- the roller 9 may be tightly held down on the roller I by a suitable spring, not shown.
- My apparatus may be calibrated to feed th him and solution as rapidly or as slowly as desired. In practical use, I have so adjusted the apparatus that about one inch of film I! is moved past the opening 20 every twenty-four hours. I provide the film in foot lengths and one film length and one bottle capacity will operate the machine one week. In some cases and in certain climates or under difierent conditions of humidity, it may be necessary for the film to move faster. The one inch twenty-four hour movement noted above is merely illustrative.
- Apparatus for detecting the presence of dangerous gases comprising a light reflecting strip impregnated with a solution effective on reaction with such gases to substantially reduce the light reflecting property of the strip, a light source positioned in front of said strip to direct a beam of light diagonally against the front face thereof, a photo-electric cell also disposed in front of said strip and positioned in the path of the light beam reflected from said source by said strip, means to direct air which may contain a dangerous gas against the front of said strip substantially where the light beam strikes said strip, and indicating means controlled by said photoelectric cell.
Description
pr 1 I I c. w. JOHNSON 2,153,568
GAS DETECTION APR A BATUS Filed May 11, 1937 \lllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllli ll INVENTORI (726$ Zer VICE/212.90%
ATTORNEYS.
. Patented Apr. 11, 1939 UNITED STATES This invention relates to alarm apparatus and more particularly to apparatus for the detection of dangerous or undesirable gases. Frequent disasters, including death and the destructionof property witness the need for and value. of such a paratus.
The deadly gases which are of most common interest are carbon monoxide gas and illuminating gas. My invention therefore provides for single alarm units which may be installed in private or public garages, kitchens, or other partsof a residence, and which may be calibrated to function at a predetermined stage of gas concentration prior to the danger point to inhalers, or prior to any danger of combustion of the inflammable gases. Obviously the principles and construction of my pparatus and the various mechanisms included'therein may be varied as necessary to adapt the vsame to use in coal or other mines. in the holds of ships, or elsewhere, where deadly or inflammable gases are likely to be present.
My gas detecting apparatus may be used alone or in combination with a fire alarm apparatus, as
. fire is frequently accompanied or even caused by the presence of explosive gases.
While my present alarm system is adapted primarily to be operated directly by these gases when they are present in dangerous concentration, it may also be used in combination with the means set forth in the patent to Hunter and Johnson 1,993,788, of March 12, 1935, for detecting the presence of minute quantities of smoke or gas by a system of concentrating the same until a suflicient density is built up to operate the alarm.
The most common deadly gases are colorless, and my invention includes means for causing such a reaction that such gases are either themselves rendered opaque or a film saturated with a solution is turned black by a reaction of the carbon monoxide or other gases with the chemicals of the solution so that its light reflective qualities are lost, the failure of light being the means of starting the system which warns of the presence of the deadly gases.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown and in the following specification disclosed a practical embodiment of my invention. In the draw-' ing:
v Fig. 1 is a longitudinal view partly in section of my apparatus, and
Fig; 2 is asimilar transverse view. My invention includes a casing I, within which 55 is mounted on supports 2 a tank adapted to PATENT OFFICE 2,153,558 GAS DETECTION APPARATUS Chester W. Johnson, South Weymonth, Mala,
assignor to Inez L. Cragin, Chester W. Johnson, and Richard N. Dresser, as trustees Application May 11, 1937, Serial No. 141,990
1 Claim. (Cl. 177-311) receive the solution 4 which is fed into the tank 3 from the bottle or other reservoir 5, as and for the purposes hereinafter set forth. A solution which I have used successfully is a mixture of palladium chloride, distilled water and alcohol, 5 the last being added only where freezing of the solution is likely.. Awhitefilm such as I use when saturated with such a mixture rapidly changes to black when the carbon monoxide concentration reaches .02 1 A rubber covered roller 9 is fixed on a shaft it supported at one end by the bracket 11 and at its other end within the clock mechanism box l2, which standard mechanism (not shown) governs the rotation of the roller 9. On the shaft I9 is 15 mounted a gear ii in mesh with a second gear M which rotates the roller '1. This roller 1 is mounted on a shaft 6 disposed over the tank 3 and is covered by a wick 8, which wick covered roller 1 is immersed in the solution 4 in the tank 2 Between the wick covered rollers 1 and rubber covered roller 9 is fed a cloth film l5 from the reel l6, and to which film If! is attached a clamp weight II, the movement of which is controlled by the rubber covered roller 9, which, as indicated above, is retarded by the clock gear mechanism through the shaft ill. The cloth film ii therefore is constantly saturated with the solution 4 by means of the wick covered roll I between which and the rubber covered clock controlled roll 9 it constantly feeds.
As shown in Fig. 1, the film l5 passes over the small roller II from which it is pulled down straight by the weight I! parallel to the front wall la of the casing l.
Extending inwardly from the front wall In of the casing are the inclined walls l9 of a sight opening 29 past which the film i5 travels as it is drawn slowly downward by the weight II.
The portion of the moist film i5 exposed through the opening 20 is directly in line with the delivery. end of a conduit 2| from the air pump and filter, not shown herein but disclosed in said Hunter and Johnson Patent No. 1,993,788. 46 Obviously, my present system is not dependent on the use of a filter although this might be of decided value in removing from the gas dust particles which might tend to clog the conduit or interferewith the delivery of the gas laden air 50 adjacent the wet film ii.
A light 22 is suitably mounted to shine on the moist white film showing through the opening 20 which, so long as it remains white, deflects the light to the photoelectric cell 23 which is mounted in the same electric circuit 24, this also including the solenoid 25. If the reflected light from the film II to the photoelectric cell 23 is interrupted as would happen if the chemical, with which the film I! is saturated, turned the same black as a result of the reaction therewith of a dangerous gas delivered to the opening 20 by the conduit 2|, the solenoid 2| would move the contacts 26 to contact the contacts 21 to complete a circuit 28 to a bell or other alarm signal 29. The usual battery II is provided to operate the signal 28.
Slow movement of the film I! is necessary to prevent the gradual discoloration of the same by a constant low but not dangerous amount, for instance, of carbon monoxide gas. If however the gas concentration should increase to the poisoning stage, the fllm Ii would darken and the failure of the reflected light would operate the photoelectric cell. The inclined or beveled frame I! of the sight 011811 118 ll m y be P n black, so that only the white fllm will reflect the light to the cell 23.
After an alarm has been given as a result of the discoloration of the fllm IS, the system may be restored to operating condition by lifting the rubber covered roller 0 and allowing the weight II to carry a fresh white section of film to be exposed at the opening 2.. I
The roller 9 may be tightly held down on the roller I by a suitable spring, not shown.
My apparatus may be calibrated to feed th him and solution as rapidly or as slowly as desired. In practical use, I have so adjusted the apparatus that about one inch of film I! is moved past the opening 20 every twenty-four hours. I provide the film in foot lengths and one film length and one bottle capacity will operate the machine one week. In some cases and in certain climates or under difierent conditions of humidity, it may be necessary for the film to move faster. The one inch twenty-four hour movement noted above is merely illustrative.
What I therefore claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
Apparatus for detecting the presence of dangerous gases comprising a light reflecting strip impregnated with a solution effective on reaction with such gases to substantially reduce the light reflecting property of the strip, a light source positioned in front of said strip to direct a beam of light diagonally against the front face thereof, a photo-electric cell also disposed in front of said strip and positioned in the path of the light beam reflected from said source by said strip, means to direct air which may contain a dangerous gas against the front of said strip substantially where the light beam strikes said strip, and indicating means controlled by said photoelectric cell.
CHESTER W. JOHNSON.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US141990A US2153568A (en) | 1937-05-11 | 1937-05-11 | Gas detection apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US141990A US2153568A (en) | 1937-05-11 | 1937-05-11 | Gas detection apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2153568A true US2153568A (en) | 1939-04-11 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US141990A Expired - Lifetime US2153568A (en) | 1937-05-11 | 1937-05-11 | Gas detection apparatus |
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Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2554414A (en) * | 1945-07-12 | 1951-05-22 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Apparatus for determining a chemically reactive gas |
US2591691A (en) * | 1946-07-05 | 1952-04-08 | Glenn C Forrester | Method for determining breath alcohol content |
US2602729A (en) * | 1941-10-30 | 1952-07-08 | Curry Manfred | Apparatus for determining the concentration of a chemically active gas in an atmosphere |
US2613126A (en) * | 1946-02-18 | 1952-10-07 | Beckman | Recording apparatus for recording gas concentrations in the atmosphere |
US2622015A (en) * | 1947-09-10 | 1952-12-16 | Douglas Pole Welman | Automatic gas recorders |
US2721495A (en) * | 1952-03-06 | 1955-10-25 | Gen Electric | Method and apparatus for detecting minute crystal forming particles suspended in a gaseous atmosphere |
US2738257A (en) * | 1954-06-14 | 1956-03-13 | William K Darby | Composition, method, and device for detecting carbon monoxide |
US2787782A (en) * | 1955-06-13 | 1957-04-02 | William H Rosenblum | Gas-responsive signal actuator |
US2855280A (en) * | 1956-06-15 | 1958-10-07 | Mine Safety Appliances Co | Colorimetric determination |
US3276004A (en) * | 1963-04-29 | 1966-09-27 | Du Pont | Apparatus for detecting gas |
US3305852A (en) * | 1963-12-09 | 1967-02-21 | Dow Chemical Co | Cumulative detector for chlorine gas |
US3693327A (en) * | 1970-12-30 | 1972-09-26 | Israel Herbert Scheinberg | Filters and carbon monoxide indicators |
US4617277A (en) * | 1984-03-23 | 1986-10-14 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Process and apparatus for monitoring ambient carbon monoxide |
US5733505A (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1998-03-31 | Goldstein; Mark K. | Non-regenerating carbon monoxide sensor |
US6426703B1 (en) | 1997-08-07 | 2002-07-30 | Brk Brands, Inc. | Carbon monoxide and smoke detection apparatus |
-
1937
- 1937-05-11 US US141990A patent/US2153568A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2602729A (en) * | 1941-10-30 | 1952-07-08 | Curry Manfred | Apparatus for determining the concentration of a chemically active gas in an atmosphere |
US2554414A (en) * | 1945-07-12 | 1951-05-22 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Apparatus for determining a chemically reactive gas |
US2613126A (en) * | 1946-02-18 | 1952-10-07 | Beckman | Recording apparatus for recording gas concentrations in the atmosphere |
US2591691A (en) * | 1946-07-05 | 1952-04-08 | Glenn C Forrester | Method for determining breath alcohol content |
US2622015A (en) * | 1947-09-10 | 1952-12-16 | Douglas Pole Welman | Automatic gas recorders |
US2721495A (en) * | 1952-03-06 | 1955-10-25 | Gen Electric | Method and apparatus for detecting minute crystal forming particles suspended in a gaseous atmosphere |
US2738257A (en) * | 1954-06-14 | 1956-03-13 | William K Darby | Composition, method, and device for detecting carbon monoxide |
US2787782A (en) * | 1955-06-13 | 1957-04-02 | William H Rosenblum | Gas-responsive signal actuator |
US2855280A (en) * | 1956-06-15 | 1958-10-07 | Mine Safety Appliances Co | Colorimetric determination |
US3276004A (en) * | 1963-04-29 | 1966-09-27 | Du Pont | Apparatus for detecting gas |
US3305852A (en) * | 1963-12-09 | 1967-02-21 | Dow Chemical Co | Cumulative detector for chlorine gas |
US3693327A (en) * | 1970-12-30 | 1972-09-26 | Israel Herbert Scheinberg | Filters and carbon monoxide indicators |
US4617277A (en) * | 1984-03-23 | 1986-10-14 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Process and apparatus for monitoring ambient carbon monoxide |
US5733505A (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1998-03-31 | Goldstein; Mark K. | Non-regenerating carbon monoxide sensor |
US6426703B1 (en) | 1997-08-07 | 2002-07-30 | Brk Brands, Inc. | Carbon monoxide and smoke detection apparatus |
US6819252B2 (en) | 1997-08-07 | 2004-11-16 | Brk Brands, Inc. | Carbon monoxide and smoke detection apparatus |
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