US2152035A - Wave generation and modulation - Google Patents

Wave generation and modulation Download PDF

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Publication number
US2152035A
US2152035A US83496A US8349636A US2152035A US 2152035 A US2152035 A US 2152035A US 83496 A US83496 A US 83496A US 8349636 A US8349636 A US 8349636A US 2152035 A US2152035 A US 2152035A
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cathode
modulation
anode
electrodes
control
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US83496A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fritz Karl
Runge Wilhelm
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Telefunken AG
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Telefunken AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03C—MODULATION
    • H03C1/00—Amplitude modulation
    • H03C1/28—Amplitude modulation by means of transit-time tube
    • H03C1/30—Amplitude modulation by means of transit-time tube by means of a magnetron

Definitions

  • Modulation circuit arrangements adapted to use with magnetrons are known in the prior art in which the modulation waves are superposed either upon the magnetron anode potential or upon the exciting current of the main magnet field.
  • These circuit schemes involve a number of shortcomings. In case of variation of anode potential in consonance with the modulation waves, frequency variations inside a wide range are unavoidable. In case of variation of the main magnetic field, frequency variations con- 16 jointly with hysteretic losses and other actions associated with'distortions and energy losses are produced.
  • Modulation circuit schemes have also been disclosed in the earlier art which comprise tubes furnished with specially formed auxiliary electrodes posteriorly of or adjacent to the cathode, in other words, not between anode and cathode. (See United States application #50,128 filed November 16, 1935.) While it is true that modulation circuit organizations of this kind have proved quite satisfactory, it is nevertheless a fact that when ultra-short waves are concerned it becomes extremely difficult to accommodate the said auxiliary electrodes adjacent to or posteriorly of the cathode.
  • magnetron tubes in which the auxiliary electrodes are mounted either in a plane laid through the split between the anodes, more particularly at the same distance from the cathode as the anode,
  • auxiliary electrodes between, or posteriorly of, the anodes in magnetrons has been disclosed in German Patent #428,547.
  • the purpose of these auxiliary electrodes in this patent being to shut the anode 10 body so as to prevent electrons from fiying across the anode splits, and bombarding the wall of the vessel.
  • the exciting and modulation circuit organization of the presentinvention has the character- 15 istic feature that magnetron tubes are used in which auxiliary electrodes are mounted between or posteriorly or between and posteriorly of the optionally apertured anodes, and that the control or modulation oscillations are fed to the said 20 auxiliary electrodes.
  • the said auxiliary electrodes may be made to act either by virtue of magnetic or electric action. If the auxiliary electrodes are arranged to insure electrical control of the discharge action 25 or process, they will preferably have to be impressed with a constant negative biasing potential in order that the source of modulation or control potential may not be loaded because of the finite resistance of the discharge path between the 30 auxiliary electrode and the cathode.
  • the auxiliary electrodes will have to be designed linear or more particularly filamentary, and to 35 be provided with bilateral connections in order that the modulation currents may be conducted through the auxiliary electrodes.
  • the circuit organization here disclosed may to the same advantage, be used for the purpose of modulating and controlling the radio frequency production in a mag- 45 netron tube itself, and this by the aid .of a frequency which is equal to the natural period of the associated oscillatory circuit, or at least bears an integral relation thereto.
  • aux- 5 iliary electrodes will be provided, the latter being combined in pairs or groups in such a way that these groups at all times present to one another voltages that are different as to'phase and amplie as
  • Figures 1a, 2a, and 3a.- are shown by way of example three novel modulation circuit organizations.
  • Figures 1, 2, and 3 are perspective views of electrode assemblies for the tubes comprised in the said modulation circuit organizations; while Figures 4, 5, and 6 are curves showing graphically the operation characteristics of the tubes used in the circuit organizations.
  • Figures 1 and 1a show a magnetron Ill provided with a split anode A1 and A2.
  • filamentary auxiliary electrodes H1 and H2 which are conductively interconnected at one end by way of a conductor B and at the other end by way of the secondary winding of a modulation transformer M.
  • the cathode K energized by any source UK.
  • the electrons issuing from the cathode K and accelerated by the anode potential U. are caused to bend subject to the influence of a magnetic field produced by the winding H.
  • the distribution of the electron emission current at radio frequency rhythm is accomplished by the radio frequency alternating voltages which are active primarily in the direct neighborhood of the slit and which have a governing influence upon the trajectory or path of the electrons.
  • the value or amplitude of the oscillatory current in the output circuit N is also subjected to a steady variation by the novel means of this invention.
  • a modulation current supplied by transformer M is passed through the series connected auxiliary electrodes I-I1 and H2 which produces a magnetic field which influences the high frequency oscillatory process and the intensity of the oscillatory current in accordance with the frequency and the amplitude of the modulation oscillations.
  • the auxiliary electrodes H1 and H2 are biased relative to the cathode K by a source UH ( Figure 1a) connecting a point on the secondary of M to the oathode K.
  • FIGS 2 and 2a we have illustrated another modulation scheme comprising the use of an electrically controlled tube.
  • the two anode segments A1 and A2 of this tube II] are apertured. In other words, they either have the nature or form of grids or of wire nettings.
  • Posteriorly of the anodes are two auxiliary electrodes H1 and H2.
  • the apertured anodes are connected by way of an oscillation circuit N which, in turn, is united with the positive pole of an anode potential source UA.
  • the auxiliary electrodes H1 and H2 are directly connected with each other either inside or outside the tube. Both auxiliary electrodes are impressed with the same, normally negative, biasing potential from a source UH.
  • the modulation or control waves are superposed upon this biasing voltage by means of the modulation transformer M from any source.
  • Figures 3 and 3a show a pilot exciter organization.
  • This circuit scheme may either be operated in such a way that it acts like a completely master controlled amplifier for radio frequency or that it is made to operate inside the range of forced oscillations (entrainment range) by choosing the working conditions of the tube arrangements so that they will be just about at the point of incipient oscillations.
  • By separate control voltages, preferably of the same frequency, conditions may then be made so that, for the correct phase of the control oscillations relative to optionally self-excited oscillations, the oscillatory current will be started with surficient power.
  • Pairs of opposite anodes A1 to A4 inclusive are combined or connected to form two groups of electrodes symmetrically arranged about the cathode K.
  • the two groups are united or connected as shown with an output circuit N which will deliver the ensuing produced or amplified oscillations.
  • four auxiliary electrodes H1 to H4 inclusive are provided and are likewise combined into two groups symmetrically arranged relative to K and are fed in phase opposition from a radio frequency source of control potential St.
  • the wave energy impressed on St may be of the same frequency or else of a frequency which roughly bears an integral relationship to the natural frequency to which the output circuit N united with the generator is tuned.
  • the working voltages that is, UH, UA, and UK, should be chosen in a similar manner as in the circuit organization shown in Figure 2.
  • the radio frequency cLurent J will undergo practically no alterations in the presence of variations of the modulating voltage UH of the auxiliary electrodes H1 and H2 in the range of values of the anode and the cathode potentials. It is only when the auxiliary electrode potential becomes lower than the cathode potential that the oscillation current J will be caused to decrease to around zero value in a steady or linear manner.
  • the modulation characteristic as shown by the curves for negative values of UH is free from points of unsteadiness and unevenness.
  • the constant negative biasing potential of the auxiliary electrodes is chosen preferably and advantageously equal to the absolute value of one-half the anode potential.
  • Figure 5 is shown the shape of the partial anode currents Jal and Ja2 of a magnetron tube operating as a master excited amplifier. What was used was a tube similar to Figure 3 connected as illustrated in Figure 3a.
  • a magnetron tube having a field producing means, a cathode and a pair of like anodes connected by a source of direct current potential to said cathode and connected together by an alternating current circuit in which oscillations are produced, a pair of similar control electrodes located back of said like anodes, means for applying a negative potential tosaid control electrodes relative to said cathode and means for superposing modulating potentials on said negative potential.
  • a system as recited in claim 1 wherein said first named means comprises a direct connection between said control electrodes, and, a source of direct current and a modulation reactance connecting said control electrodes to said cathode.
  • Wave energy producing means comprising an electron discharge tube including an electron system located in a magnetic field of substantially fixed strength said electron system including a filamentary cathode, a pair of control electrodes and a pair of anodes all disposed about said cathode as an axis, said control electrodes being spaced from said cathode at least a distance substantially of the order of the distance of said anodes from said cathode, an alternating current circuit tuned to the frequency at which it is desired to produce wave energy connecting said anodes together, a source of direct current potential connecting a point on said alternating current circuit to said cathode, a second alternating current circuit connecting said control electrodes together, and means for impressing wave energy on said second alternating current circuit for controlling the character of the Wave energy produced.
  • Wave energy producing means comprising an electron discharge tube including an enclosure member located in a magnetic field of substantially fixed strength and enclosing a filamentary cathode, a pair of control electrodes and a pair of anodes disposed about said cathode as an axis, said control electrodes being spaced from said cathode a distance at least equal to the distance of said anodes from said cathode, an alternating current circuit tuned to the frequency of the wave energy to be produced connecting said anodes together, a source of direct current potential connecting a point on said alternating current circuit to said cathode, a second alternating current circuit connecting said control electrodes together, a source of direct current potential connecting a point on said last named alternating current circuit to said cathode, and means for impressing wave energy on said second alternating current circuit to control the character of the wave energy produced.
  • control grids are tied together.
  • a modulation system comprising in combination, wave energy producing means comprising an electron discharge tube including a filamentary cathode, a split anode electrode system comprising circular plate elements disposed about said cathode as an axis, a pair of control electrodes located in the openings between said anode electrodes, means for producing a magnetic field of substantially constant strength in which said electrode system is located, an alter- .nating current circuit tuned to the frequency of the wave energy it is desired to produce connecting said anodes in push-pull relation, a source of direct current potential connecting a point on said alternating current circuit to said cathode, and means for modulating the wave energy produced comprising a modulation frequency reactor connecting said control electrodes in series, and means for impressing modulating potentials on said modulation frequency reactor.
  • an electron system comprising a filamentary cathode, a pair of gridlike anode electrodes symmetrically located about the axis of said cathode, a pair of platelilse control electrodes symmetrically located about said cathode as an axis, said. control electrodes being spaced from said cathode a distance greater than the spacing of said anodes from said cathode, means for producing in.
  • an alternating current circuit tuned to a relatively high frequency connecting said anode electrodes in pushpull relation, a source of direct current potential connected between a point on said alternating current circuit and the cathode of said tube, means tying said control electrodes together, a modulation frequency reactor and a source of direct current potential connecting said control electrodes to said cathode, and means for impressing modulating potentials on said modulation frequency reactor.

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US83496A 1935-05-18 1936-06-04 Wave generation and modulation Expired - Lifetime US2152035A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE460689X 1935-05-18

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FR (1) FR805927A (fr)
GB (1) GB460689A (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2438574A (en) * 1942-08-24 1948-03-30 Union Machine Company Mixing apparatus
US2576599A (en) * 1946-02-21 1951-11-27 Rca Corp Magnetron
US2576108A (en) * 1948-04-14 1951-11-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Amplitude modulation of magnetrons
US2748277A (en) * 1951-11-23 1956-05-29 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron noise generators
US2785380A (en) * 1953-01-30 1957-03-12 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge devices
US3028522A (en) * 1954-07-12 1962-04-03 Marshall C Pease Magnetrons

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1052582B (de) * 1951-06-26 1959-03-12 Raytheon Mfg Co Elektronenroehre nach Art einer Magnetrongeneratorroehre zur Erzeugung amplitudenmodulierter Schwingungen
NL100378C (fr) * 1953-04-24

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2438574A (en) * 1942-08-24 1948-03-30 Union Machine Company Mixing apparatus
US2576599A (en) * 1946-02-21 1951-11-27 Rca Corp Magnetron
US2576108A (en) * 1948-04-14 1951-11-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Amplitude modulation of magnetrons
US2748277A (en) * 1951-11-23 1956-05-29 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron noise generators
US2785380A (en) * 1953-01-30 1957-03-12 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge devices
US3028522A (en) * 1954-07-12 1962-04-03 Marshall C Pease Magnetrons

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FR805927A (fr) 1936-12-03
GB460689A (en) 1937-02-02

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