US2151692A

US2151692A - Means for waving hair

Info

Publication number: US2151692A
Application number: US733758A
Authority: US
Inventors: Ralph L Evans; Everett G Mcdonough
Original assignee: ZOTOS CORP
Current assignee: ZOTOS Corp
Priority date: 1934-07-05
Filing date: 1934-07-05
Publication date: 1939-03-28
Anticipated expiration: 1956-03-28

Description

R. L. EVANS ET AL MEANS FOR WAVING HAIR March 28, 1939.

Filed July 5,, 19 34 \4 Flexz Patented Mar. 1939 UNIT D STATES MEANS FOR wsvmo min Ralph L. Evans, New York, and Everett G.

McDonough, Mount Vernon, N. Y., assignors to Zotos Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application July 5, 1934, Serial No. 733,158

18 Claims.

- Our invention relates to the art oi producing a so-called "permanent wave" in hair, and particularly to devices employed as absorbents during the process of imparting such a wave.

In the treatment of hair, it is usual to surround a preformed tress with a wrapper, consisting of an absorbent material alone or combined with a paper or parchment sheet and/or a toll sheet.

The absorbents heretofore used in the construction of the difierent commercial forms of wrappers have usually been either cotton flannel or felt, but in their natural state these materials absorb solutions or water slowly and must be specially treated-to increase the rate of absorption; their capacity is small so that they must be relatively thick and they do not readily give up their moisture when pressed; moreover, their use has the economic disadvantage of being expensive and many attempts have been made to find a,

cheaper substitute.

To this end, blotting paper has beenv tried but as an absorbing agent it has not been successful due to its low absorptive capacity, retentiveness of moisture or solution absorbed, or its non-plia bility and difilculty of handling.

We have found that by taking two or more sheets of thin easily-wetted paper and by maintaining them in close contact, either mechanically, adhesively or otherwise, we can obtain an absorbent whose water absorbing capacity is materially increased over that of the individual sheets and can be varied widely by varying the number of sheets of paperused, or by varying the charac ter of the paper itself or both. This absorbent readily takes up water' or a solution and easily gives it up when slightly pressed or squeezed. It is very pliable and quite easy to handle.

Our invention utilizes not only the natural abthe absorbing capacity due to capillary forcesis. a 7

function of the total areaof the surtacesinvolved, our invention iurther'contemplates increasing this capacity without increasing the size of the sheets by increasing the actual surfacearea per unit over-all area of the sheet as by crimping or creping or by forming indentations, pockets, or corrugations in the surfaces, which has. the additional eflect, due to overlapping 01 may be advantageously employed but we have found the so called crepe paper, with its many small crimps and creases held together by whipcord embossing, to be particularly eflicient, for

the crimps and creases form pockets which'hold water or solution additional to that held by the fibers and by capillary attraction. Such pockets Our absorbent, consisting of two or more thin paper sheets, held together in the manner above indicated, maybe usedas the absorbent unit without further addition but to render it more durable, prevent stretching, particularly when' wet and to facilitate handling, we prefer to reinforce it with a material imparting body strength thereto. We have found that pliable sheets of parchment, paper, foil, Cellophane, cloth,glassine and similar thin flexible materials, possessing adequate tensile strength, are well suited to this purpose. These sheets may be perforated, if desired, and may be attached to the absorbent in any suitable manner, as by any of the means indicated above for attaching the multiple sheets together, but we prefer to use a backing sheet attached by an all-over glue application sinceit forms an excellent bond, firm and of neat appearance.

Theabove indicatedcharacteristics of our invention pre-eminently fit it for use in pads. employed in the process of giving a permanent wave to hair, both by the machine and by the machineless methods, and make possible the simplification of pad structures by the elimination of the extra flap which may be employed to cover flannel or felt absorbents heretofore used.

Other novel features and advantages of our invention will hereinafter appear.

Without limiting our invention or claims thereto, the accompanying drawing, shows for purposes of exemplification, certain special embodiments of the invention:

Fig. 1 is an inside plan view, with parts broken away, or a pad designed to give a Croquignole wave'by the so machine meth- 0d". l 'igflisasimilarview of apaddealgnedtogiv a spiral wave by the same method.

Figs. 3 and 4 are similar views of pads designed to give a Croquignole and a spiral wave, respectively, by these called "machineless method".

Fig. 5 is across section of my absorbent, taken on line 5-8 of Fig. 1, with the sheets constituting it shown separated for clearness of illustration and the protecting sheet I omitted.

Fig. 6 is a similar view showing a modified form of sheet.

Referring to Fig. 1 there is shown a pad I, designed for Croquignole waving by the machine method, comprising an absorbent 2 and a heat conducting or protectingsheet l, conveniently of foil, which if desired may be provided with perforations 4 to permit therelease of steam. The foil sheet is attached to the upper edge of the absorbent Z by any suitable fastening means such as staples I. v

The absorbent material is shown in Fig. 5 as comprising six sheets of thin absorbent paper, provided with apreferably flat backing I of some pliable reinforcing material such as parchment or the like, having cohesive or tensile strength, the several sheets and backing being here shown as held together by the interlocking effect resulting from an embossing pressure applied against the sheets on the lines I. This pressure results in a permanent compression of the sheets along the lines I between which are the looser-pad or cushion-like portions 9 facilitating the absorption and retention of a fluid but readily yielding it when w squeezed or pressed. We have shown whipcord embossing but any other desired conformation may be given the surfaces or, as hereinbefore indicated, the sheets may be held together in any other suitable way.

While sheets of plain paper if sufllciently absorbent may be used, we prefer to use crepe paper or paper having similar characteristics because of its greater actual surface area for the same size of sheet and its consequent great absorbing capacity.

Embossing through multiple sheets renders crepe paper more resistant to spreading out when wetted than a single sheet. Therefore, the backing sheet I being relatively flat, less yielding and less subject to wetting than the embossed absorbent, also acts to prevent the latter from expanding or spreading out when wetted.

In Fig. 6 we have shown an absorbent made of paper; sheets 38 having pockets 3! of special design impressed therein, the sheets contacting each other at 40 and being provided with a backing H.

In Fig, 2 is shown a pad designed for spiral waving by the machine method. The pad comprises the absorbent I! attached by suitable means, such as staples 5, to a wrapper shown as composed of two sheets ll of impervious material,

. such as parchment or the like, conveniently formed by folding a single sheet at the bottom. Between these sheets is preferably interposed a heat transmitting and protecting sheet of foil ll.

any suitable means such as glue, which also may be employed to secure the backing to the envelope.

Fig. 4 shows asimilar pad, designed for spiral waving, comprising a wrapper II, conveniently formed of two sheets of parchment, or similar material, folded from a single sheet, to which is attached the envelope containing exothermic material, shown as provided with the perforations, as in Fig. 3, a heat conducting extension ll conveniently of foil, and the absorbent 32 conveniently attached at its upper edge between the envelope and the wrapper.

In each of these forms it is seenthat the struc ture of our absorbent unit obviates the necessity of employing an additional cover sheet for the absorbent as where flannel or felt is used.

It will be understood that many changes may be made in the forms and features disclosed without departing from the spirit of our invention and that certain features may sometimes be used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features.

We claim:

1. In a hair waving pad, an absorbent comprising superposed sheets of paper secured together by embossing and provided with a flat flexible backing.

2. In a hair waving pad, an absorbent comprising superposed sheets.of paper secured together by embossing.

3. In a hair waving pad, an absorbent comprising superposed sheets of crepe paper secured together by whipcord embossing and provided with a reinforcing element.

4; In a hairwaving pad, an absorbent comprising superposed sheets of crepe paper secured together by whipcord embossing.

5. In a hair waving pad, an absorbent comprising superposed sheets of paper permanently attached together at a plurality of spaced points,.

providing free spaces therebetween capable of absorbing a solution or water within and between their respective fibers and of absorbing further solution or water between the respective sheets by capillary attraction.

6. In a hair waving pad, an absorbent comprising superposed sheets of paper having pockets impressed therein and having their surfaces secured in close contact with each other at points on the raised edges of said pockets, said pockets being arranged in reversed positions in, corresponding portions of successive sheets.

7. In a hair waving pad, an absorbent comprising superposed sheets of paper having pockets impressed therein, the successive sheets being arranged with respect to each other so that the pockets of one sheet will not be occupied by the material forming the pocket in an adjacent sheet said sheets being permanently secured to each other at points on the raised edges of said pockets.

8. A hair waving pad comprising an envelope containing exothermic material, an absorbent composedof two or more superposed sheets of absorbent paper permanently attached'together 'at a plurality of spaced points providing free spaces therebetween and a backing possessing cohesive strength attached to said absorbent.

9. A hair waving pad comprising an envelope containing exothermic material and an absorbent composed of two or more superposed sheets of absorbent paper permanently attached together at a plurality of spaced points providing free spaces therebetween attached to said envelope.

10. A hair waving pad comprising a protective sheet, an absorbent composed of two or more superposed sheets of absorbent paper permanently attached together at a plurality of spaced points providing free spaces therebetween and a backing possessing cohesive strength covering a free face of said absorbent sheets and permanent- 1y attached thereto.

11. A pad for use in the permanent waving of hair having an absorbent composed of a plurality oi superposed sheets of absorbent material permanently attached together at a plurality of spaced points, with defined areas therebetween adapted to accumulate a surplus of liquid when said absorbent is moistened. 7

12. The combination defined in claim -11, in

which one of said sheets is provided with a backing possessing cohesive strength.

a 13. In a hair waving pad, an absorbent comprising superposed sheets oi' paper attached to each other at a plurality oi! spaced points and provided with a flexible backing secured to the entire surface of one of said sheets.

14. In a hair waving pad, an absorbent comprising superposed sheets of paper permanently attached to each other at a plurality of spaced points with defined areas therebetween adapted to accumulate a surplus of liquid when said absorbent is moistened.

15. In a hair ,waving pad, an absorbent comprising superposed sheets of crepe paper permanently attached to each other at a plurality of spaced points with defined areas therebetween adapted to accumulate a surplus of liquid when said absorbent is moistened.

16. In a hair waving pad, an absorbent comprising superposed sheets of paper having pockets impressed therein, said sheets being permanently attached to each other at a plurality ot'points on the raised edges of said pockets.

17. In a hair waving pad, an absorbent comprising superposed sheets of paper permanently attached to each other at a plurality of spaced points .with defined areas therebetween adapted to accumulate a surplus of liquid when said absorbent is moistened, said absorbent being provided with a reinforcing element.

18. A hair waving pad including an absorbent comprising superposed layers or paper capable of being wetted, and a backing sheet of impervious material attached thereto and substantially covering the area of one side of said superposed sheets.

RALPH L. EVANS. EVERE'I'I G. McDONOUGH.