US2149438A

US2149438A - Boiler

Info

Publication number: US2149438A
Application number: US118389A
Authority: US
Inventors: Otto H Hartmann; Trede Hans
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1936-01-03
Filing date: 1936-12-30
Publication date: 1939-03-07
Anticipated expiration: 1956-03-07

Description

March 7, 1939. o. H. HARTMANN ET M. 2,1 9, 38

BOILER Filed Dec. 30, 193 6 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 flfforney March 1939. O. H. HARTMANN ET AL 2,149,438

BOILER Filed Dec. so, 1956 a Sheets-Sme t 2 h1g E.

Of/v 17 Yaw/07000,

v 170/25 ,Trede A Ivor/7 79.5

March 7, 1939. o. H. HARTMANN ET AL BOILER.

Filed Dec. so, 1936 s Sheets-Sheet 3 ..m w W W My his 03% #fi Patented Mar. 7, 1939 UNITED STATES BOILER Otto H. Hartmann and Hans Trede, Kassel- Wilhelmshohe; Germany Claims. (Cl. 122-332) This invention is directed to a water tube boiler, and more particularly to marine water tube and similar boilers, and comprises upper and lower headers connected by a water tube assemblage and radiating pipes which encompass the combustion chamber, the water tube assemblage forming smoke gas flues. Disposed within the smoke gas flue of the water tube asemblage, are a steam superheater and a feed water preheater, dampers being provided to divert the gases of combustion from the smoke flue when desired.

It is an object of our invention to locate the superheater and the water preheater with respect to the tube asemblage so as to obtain an eflicient heating thereof.

It is a further object of our invention to provide means for diverting the flow of combustion gases with respect to the smoke gas flue when the boiler is being fired, and under other desirable conditions.

In one embodiment of our invention the tubes of the water tube assemblage are separated in front of the superheater in order to form passages for the flow of the combustion gases from the combustion chamber into the smoke gas flue, and smoke gas valves or dampers are provided at such points in order to carry on the combustion gases before they reach the superheater.

In another embodiment of our invention the water tube assemblage is provided with a bypass flue extending parallel with the smoke gas flue having the superheater and water preheater, the end of which empties into the smoke gas flue adjacent the feed water preheater and is there provided with a regulating valve or dam per. This by-pass flue is formed as a part of the Water tube asemblage.

An air preheater is mounted preferably in an ascending smoke gas flue formed as a part of the water tube assemblage that forms the smoke gas flue carrying the superheater and feed water preheater, so that the air preheater lies below the upper header of the boiler.

The water tube boiler of the present invention 45 is particularly suitable for marine purposes because of its simple construction, the favorable utilization of the heating surfaces therein, and its relatively low height. The boiler can be provided with oil, grate or coal dust firing. It is suitable for indirect as well as direct steam generation. Another advantage of its construction consists in providing a particularly simple smoke chimney. This is particularly manifest when two boiler sections of the present invention are mounted adjacent each other so that the flues of each abut and empty into a common chimney provided with suitable regulating valves or dampers. -In the indirect production of steam the vaporizing drums with the heating elements for the heat conveyors can be mounted above the chimney. In this manner the passages for the vaporizing elements to the vaporizing drums are readily accessible.

With a double boiler of the precedingly mentioned type the downcomer pipes can be placed at the outside of the boiler, and extend the length of the lower and upper headers. As the air preheaters are placed at the center of the double boiler the radiation losses of the boiler as well as of the smoke flues are very small. In addition, this arrangement has the advantage in that the air feed passages are very short, with a resultant economy of space and weight. It is also to be noted that the combustion chamber may be made longer than is usual whereby an excellent combustion of the fuel may be obtained.

Two embodiments of the invention are illustrated on the accompanying drawings, wherein: Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional view of a grate fired type of boiler with the left side shown in section, and

Fig. 2 is a sectional ,view of a modified type of boiler, and is arranged for oil firing.

Fig. 3 is a front elevational view of the boiler shown in Fig. 1.

The upper headers l and the lower headers 2 of I the boiler are connected by a water tube assemblage 3 as well as by the radiating tubes d. The

tubes

3 and 4 are arranged so that the combustion chamber 5 with the grate 6 is encompassed by them. The water tube assemblage 3 is constructed so as to form a downwardly extending smoke gas flue 3' and to receive in said flue a steam superheater i and a feed water preheater 8. An upwardly directed flue 9 with an air preheater l0 therein is connected to the downwardly extending flue at the lower end thereof. A smoke gas valve or damper i2 is placed past the air preheater HI and in the chimney H. A boiler section of the described arrangement is constructed together with a similar boiler section so that the flues 9 with the air preheaters H] lie directly adjacent each other, being separated only by a wall l3.

For permitting the passage of the smoke gases through the water tube assemblage 3, the flue 3' and the air pre-heater flue 9, the tubes of the assemblage 3 are spread apart at their upper ends adjacent the top of the furnace. The tubes that form a wall between the flues 3' and 9 are spaced apart at their lower ends to form an opening between the flues.

In a passage it connecting the chimney l l with the upper end of the flue 3 is a smoke gas damper i5, which is normally closed. With the damper i5 closed the smoke gases flow through the water tube nest 3 from the top of the combustion chamber downwardly through the flue 3 and into the air preheating flue 9 from the bottom thereof upwardly to the chimney El and the stack H5, in which a. suction draft fan I1 is mounted. If, on the contrary, damper l5 is opened, the smoke gases rising from the furnace 5 pass through the open damper it directly into chimney H and stack E5. The superheater and preheater are then cut out. The smoke gas damper 15, as illustrated, is normally pressed by a counterweight l8 onto a stationary frame I9. It is. rotatably journalled so that it can swing upwardly. Thus when pressure exceeding an allowable degree arises in the boiler flues, for example through steam escaping from a leaky or exploded water tube, the damper I5 is automatically opened and the steam can pass off directly through the chimney. This damper then acts as an explosion safety valve.

A further advantage of arranging the smoke gas dampers l5 at the upper ends of the connecting passages It consists in that the superheater and the preheater in the flue 3 are protected from excessive heating and from burning by residual smoke gases accumulating in passage M'during normal operation of the boiler.

A still further advantage of having the dampers 95 so arranged consists in that they may be opened so as to create a substantially direct draft from the chamber 5 to the chimney I! when the boilers are being fired or started up.

In the embodiment of Figs. 1 and 3 a boiler for generating steam indirectly is illustrated.

Provided in the tube system is a heat carrier, for

example water, which is vaporized into steam by the heat of the furnace. The steam rises from the upper headers I through pipes 39 into the heating element 20 located in the water chamber of the vaporizing drums 2| through pipes 31. The condensate of the heating steam flows back into headers i. As shown on the drawings, the vaporizing drums 2i are disposed above the chimney l I. The passages of the vaporizing elements 38 and SI to the vaporizing drums 2! are thereby easily accessible.

In the embodiment of Fig. 2 the construction of the boiler itself is fundamentally the same as in that of Fig. 1 and similar reference characters refer to similar parts. Instead of the grate furnace 6 the boiler of Fig. 2 is fired through oil burners 22, and for regulating the passage of the smoke gases a by-pass flue 23 is arranged parallel with the flue 3 in the assemblage 3 which carries the superheater l and the feed water preheater 8. By-pass 23 is formed by abutting tubes of the assemblage 3, said tubes being spaced at points to provide passage ways for the smoke gases. The water tube assemblage 3 is covered at the upper end of the combustion chamber to be separated from the smoke flue II. The bypass flue 23 is provided at its lower outlet end into flue 3' with a smoke gas damper 24 which in one position closes off the outlet of by-pass flue 23, so that the smoke gases will pass from the combustion chamber 5 downwardly through the water tube assemblage 3 with the super heater 1 and the feed water preheater 8 therein and then upwardly through the ascending flue 9 with the air preheater ID. If, on the contrary, damper 24 is opened the superheater l is cut out. The

smoke gases then pass downwardly through the pass flue or through the flue with the superheater.

Similar to the damper if: of Fig. 1, the damper 24 also lies at a point in which it is protected from burning. Thus, the by-pass flue 23 in the closed position of damper 24 is filled with stagnant smoke: gases, and the smoke gases which flow by the damper in the flue 3' are cooled sufficiently by the water heating surfaces and superheater surfaces interposed in front thereof. In the open position of the damper E l, on the other hand, the smoke gases in the combustion chamber and adjacent the water heating surfaces of the bypass flue 23 are cooled to such degree as to preclude injurious action to damper 2 Even when the superheater is cut out by using the by-pass flue a large heating surface is maintained with tube assemblage 3 for the smoke gas currents. In addition, the smoke gases flow through the .by-pass flue 23 with a greater velocity than through the flue with the superheater, so that excellent heat transmission is obtained even when the superheater is cut out.

It is also to be noted that when use is made of one or more double boilers constructed according to our invention, various operative possibilities are easily carried out; for example, with a double boiler, one boiler section may be cut out for cleaning, repairs, or the like. The other boiler section can then be forced somewhat so that the approximate normal efficiency of the system can be maintained. Again, with small loads one or more boilers can always be held in reserve. The use of the present boiler is also advantageous in harbor operations as the otherwise necessary auxiliary boiler can be dispensed with, as one or more of the boiler sections can always be maintained in operation.

The burners can also be disposed in the upper part of the combustion chamber, which would necessitate the superheater and feed water preheater being placed in an ascending flue. The by-pass flue can also be located at the side of the water tube assemblage adjacent the wall separating the flues 3' and 9. Finally, the dampers l5 and the dampers 23 both can be disposed on one boiler, thus further increasing the safety of operation and regulability of superheating.

We claim:

1. A marine water tube boiler having an upper and a lower header, water tubes connecting said headers and being constructed and arranged to form a combustion chamber and a downwardly directed flue for smoke exhaust gases adjoining said chamber, a steam superheater and a feed water preheater in said flue, and meansassociated with said flue for diverting said gases from said superheater when desired.

2. A marine water tube boiler having upper and lower headers connected by a water tube assemblage and radiating tubes which together, encompass a combustion chamber, said tube assemblage constructed and arranged to form a downwardly extending flue and a side of an upwardly extending flue, said downwardly extending flue opening into the combustion chamber adjacent its upper end, a steam superheater and feed water preheater arranged successively within the downwardly extending flue, and means cooperating with said flues to divert the smoke gases from the superheater when desired.

3. A marine water tube boiler as in claim 1, said tubes forming said flue being separated to form a bypass flue extending parallel to the flue with said superheater, and said means comprising dampers for diverting said gases from said smoke gas flue to said bypass flue.

4. A marine tube boiler as in claim 1, said tubes being arranged to form a by-pass flue extending parallel to the flue with said superheater, said bypass flue terminating adjacent said feed water preheater, and said means connected to said bypass flue whereby said smoke gases may be diverted from said superheater.

5. A marine water tube boiler having two sections, each section having upper and lower headers connected by radiating tubes and a tube assemblage which encompass a combustion chamber, each tube assemblage being constructed and arranged to form a downwardly directed flue and at least one side of an upwardly directed flue, a wall and a chimney common to both sections, each flue emptying into said chimney, each upwardly directed flue abutting said common wall, each downwardly directed flue having a superheater and a water preheater therein, and a damper located adjacent the upper end of each upwardly directed flue.

OTTO H. HARTMANN. HANS TREDE.