US2146322A

US2146322A - Toilet

Info

Publication number: US2146322A
Application number: US180669A
Authority: US
Inventors: Joseph F Wolpert
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1937-12-20
Filing date: 1937-12-20
Publication date: 1939-02-07
Anticipated expiration: 1956-02-07

Description

Feb. 7, 1939. VJ. F. WOLPERT TOILET 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTCR JaSEPHEh OL PER T BY Filed Dec. 20, 1937 in. v

ATTORNEY J. F. WOLPERT Feb. 7,- 1939.

TOILET 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 20, 1937 1 Hull INVENTOR \7'05EPHFWOZ Pf? a m. ATTORNEY Feb. 7, 1939. I .1. F. WOLPERT 2,145,322

TOILET' 7 Filed Dec. 20, 1937 v s Sheets-Sheet s :21 v Q INVENTOR J J05EP/7FM04 PERT 7351mm ATTORNEY Patented Feb. 7, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 15 Claims.

invention relates to toilets and also. to a nevel valve therefor. In one of its aspects the invention is directed to a novel. toilet, reservoir and valve assembly. The invention finds especial utility in thatthe toilet. is a sanitary unit whose outside surface may bexreadily cleaned, the installation of the same maybe accomplished even by a person unskilled in the art of connections, the assembly ofthe valve itself may be done in aneasy andready manner, the valve may be .ifeadily combined. with its associated part, the

toilet may be connected to. any size waterline leading into the bathroom, the valve is very rugged and will not get out of order under normal conditions of use, and if for any reason it doesget out of order, repairing it is a very simple a d e s t rv Figure 1 represents a side view of a toilet embody'ing my invention.

Figure 2 represents a horizontal cross sectionalview taken on line 2-2 of Figure 1 in the direction of the arrows. V Figure 3 represents a vertical cross sectional view taken on line 3- -3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 represents a vertical cross sectional view showing the valve located in a reservoir, together with the operating mechanism for the valve.

Figure 5 represents a cross sectional view taken on line 5-5 of Figure 4 in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 6 represents ,a longitudinal cross sectional view taken on line 6-5 of Figure 2, with the flush valve removed.

As shown in the drawings, there is a toilet bowl IQ having an annular conduit I I at the upper end thereof, with the conduit having a plurality ,of spaced parts or opening I2 at the lower side thereof. An apron I3 extends downwards and 4m forwardly from the un der, side of conduit II and its free end extends below the level of the water normal-1y contained in the bowl II]. A normal discharge pipe I- Iislocated at the rear and may be connected to the usual sewer pipe. The bowl 45 Ifl has a plurality of reservoirs I5, I6, I1, I8, I9

were located below the lower level of said con-.

duit -II and formed in two batteries and it is a single-unitary structure which may be composed of porcelain or the like. These reservoirs are 50. closed and connected in series by conduits 2I, 22, 1' 3; 24 and 25 which are located near the bottoms of these'reservoirs. An inlet passage 26 near the upper end of chamber I5 is adapted to be connected to the city line 21. A vertically disposed opening 28 at the bottom of the chamber I5 extends downwardly to a horizontally disposed conduit 29 connecting the same to a vertically and centrally disposed conduit 30 having its other end opening into the annular chamber I I. This continuous passageway 28-49-30 is the flush 5 line from the chamber I5 to the distributing annular chamber II.

Located inthe chamber I5 is a flush valve resting on a somewhat resilient rubber bushing- 3| extending into passage 28 and forming a water 10 tight seal therewith. A metallic expansion bushing 32 is forced into the bushing 3I and forces the side of' bushing 3| to bear snugly against the passageway 28. The bushing 3! has an enlarged upper end with a shoulder seating on'the bottom 15 of chamber I5 and litharge or other appropriate material is applied to the lower face of the shoulder and sides of the bushing so that a water tight seal is formed between the bushing and lower part of chamber I5 at opening 28. The upper 20 or enlarged end of the bushing 3| forms a seat for the valve.

The novel valve comprises a one piece housing member of bronze or the like including a cylindrical member 3| and box like projection 34 25 communicating therewith. The upper end of the housing is in the form of a cover 35 integral with the sides of the box projection 34 and the cylindrical member 33. And, a guide member 36 is integral with the cover 35 and has a portion 30 thereof spaced from the upper face of the cover 35. Both the. cover 35. and member 36 have centrally disposed and vertically aligned cylindrical openings adapted to accommodate a cylindrical valve stem 31 having a pair of spaced ears 5 38, at its lower end. The valve 39 has a bearing face whose contour is a part of a sphere so that the same may readily close the flush passage 28, by automatically finding its own bearing surface on the upper edge of the rubber bushing 3|. The 40 upper part of the valve has a plurality ofstops 58 to limit the amount of upward travel of the valve and it also has a tongue II located between the cars 38. A pin 42 passes through the ears 2-8 and tongue 4| andthe size of the opening in the tongue II through which pin 42 passes is somewhat greater than the diameter of the pin 32 so that the valve 39 is loosely and freely pivoted thereon. The upper and outer end of box' projection 34 has a pair of upstanding ears 43.

A loosely fitting plate gate 44 with a plurality of openings 45 therein near. the lower edge thereof and a weighting projection 46 on the outer face thereof has a tongue 41 located between the cars 33 and projecting upwardly thereabove. A pin 48 extends through the ears 43 and tongue 41. The diameter of the opening in the tongue 41 through which pin 48 extends is slightly greater than the diameter of pin 48 so that the gate 44 is freely pivoted thereon.

A bar 49 has one end located and loosely fitting between the cover 35 and guide 36 and has an opening therein aligned with the vertical openings in the cover 35 and guide 36. The stem 31 which passes through these three openings is of such a diameter that it passes freely through these three openings, and the diameter of the opening in the bar 49 is such that there is a real loose fit between the stem 31 and bar 49 for the reasons hereinafter fully explained. The other end of bar 49 is in. the form of a pair of cars 50 between which the tongue 41 is located and a pin 52 extends through the ears 50 and tongue 1, with the size of the opening in tongue 41 through which pin 52 passes being slightly greater than the diameter of pin 52. A demountable cylindrical casing 5I having a slot therein to accc-mmodate the bar 49 is mounted on the cover 35 by pressing the same over the projection thereon and is maintained in position by friction aliough it may be keyed or bolted or in some other manner secured thereto.

A yoke 55 has a threaded nut 56 making a threaded connection with the threaded upper end of stem 31. The upper end of easing 5I has a pair of diametrically opposed vertical slots accommodating a shaft having an eccentric 51 for actuating the yoke 55 upon rotation of eccentric 51. The shaft has guide projections 58 for maintaining the eccentric 51 in proper position with respect to the upper cross arm of yoke 55. On one end of said shaft is U member 59 whose legs are located in the openings of an H element 60 of the mechanism for actuating said shaft. The size of the opening defined by the yoke 55 is sufficient so that said shaft may be removed therefrom. A cover plate 6I caps the upper end of the casing and it has a right hand threaded member 62 integral therewith and extending upwardly and centrally thereof.

A hand screw member 63 whose lower half is interiorly threaded to accommodate the right hand threads of member 62 and whose upper half is interiorly threaded to accommodate left hand threads makes threaded connections with member 62 and a left hand screw threaded member 64 having a positioning and locking element 65 integral therewith. As shown, by rotating the hand screw in one direction, the bearing element 65 may be brought downwardly towards the cover 6|, and if it is rotated in the other direction, the bearing element is moved away from the cover 6| and towards the top of chamber I5. This particular construction may be used to demountably mount the valve in the chamber I5. The hand screw is so rotated that the bearing element 65 is forced against the top face of chamber I5 to maintain the valve in position.

An enlarged opening 10 extends from the outside of the unit to the chamber I 5. This provides a passageway through which the valve may be inserted and mounted in the chamber I 5. A cover plate 1| encloses this opening and is maintained in position by bolts 12, there being a gasket 13 located between the plate H and the porcelain unit in order to provide a water tight seal. At the center of the cover plate and integral therewith there is a housing 14 through which passes a shaft 15 having the H member 60 integral therewith at the inner end thereof.

Secured to the outer end of shaft 15 is a handle 16 for rotating the shaft. A water tight joint between the housing 14 and shaft 15 is maintained by packing 11 located at the inner end of housing 14 and pressed forwardly by a bushing 18 actuated by spring 19 held in position by member 88.

A spring is mounted on the outside of the porcelain unit and under the handle 16 and urges the handle 16 upwardly against the stop 8|. In practice the toilet and valve may be assembled either in the shop or at the place of use. If it is assembled in the factory, the assembly may be taken to the place of use and be mounted therein in a very short period of time. The unitary, single element may have a passageway extending from an inner wall thereof to the passage 29. Connected to this passageway 90 and to the discharge pipe is a valve chamber having an inclined seat 9|. A gate valve 92 is loosely pivoted at the upper end of said chamber and is adapted to close the passageway between the passage 29 and discharge pipe upon being forced over to the inclined seat 9|. The rear of the unit may be placed flush against the wall of the bathroom with the valve 82 of the city water line 21 being located in a vertical slot 83 at the rear of the unit. This line is connected to the inlet 26 communicating with the chamber I5 and the discharge pipe I4 is connected to the normal sewer pipe. Thus, all the installation is completed now merely by affixing the porcelain unit to the flooring if desired.

In operation with the valve 82 open, water flows in the closed chamber I5 and then to the other closed chambers I6, I1, I8 and I9. Water continues flowing into these chambers until the pressure of the air cushions formed in these chambers prevent the fiow of any more water into them from the city line. Thus, each chamber contains water under pressure. When the handle 16 is pushed downwardly, the shaft 15 is rotated. The shaft 15 rotates the H member 60 which is integral therewith.

The 'H member 60 upon rotation causes the U member 59 to rotate. And, rotation of U 59 causes rotation of eccentric 51. Rotation of eccentric 51 bearing against the upper cross arm of yoke 55 and causes the yoke 55 to be lifted. As the yoke is moved upwardly by the eccentric 51, the stem 31 .and the valve 39 are carried upwardly therewith until the stops 40 strike the bottom of cover 35. With the valve 39 spaced from its seat of bushing 3 I, the Water under pressure in the six chambers flows into and through the bushing 32. Because of the pressure of this water on the outside of the plate gate the gate is subjected to a force in the direction of arrow A and this force is transmitted to the bar 49 which is now subjected to a force in the direction of arrow B and towards the opening in the side of chamber I5 to maintain by friction the stem 31 in upper position whereby the valve 39 is maintained in open position even after the lever 16 is released and returned to its original position. When the valve 39 is in open position, the water is automatically forced from the chambers through the bushings 3I and 32 then through the conduits 2829-30 of the flush line to the distributing chamber II, then through the ports I2 and bowl ID to the discharge outlet I4. After a predetermined quantity of water, say 3-8 gallons, has flushed the bowl, the pressure of the water on gate 44 has so decreased, that its force transmitted to bar 49 is insufficient to hold the stem 31 in its upper position and consequently 11 valve ahd sten'i together with the' yoke'xaiitoa' flly" d op ttP-thiroriginfl positions. #The tle 31- fromthechambers in series now osed;'-th*waterfrom the "city line"ke'eps eii ring uritilthe original pressure again builds v Brie water-=irom='-the cityline enters the chambers even when the flush discharge takes pI-aceP The -vaIVe 82 is not closed at any time except when the toilet is to be disconnected W Tliu's th' pivoted gate 46 controlsthe position of tn valvaaonce it"israised.'

wvheh the pressureoithe water in the tank is above" at bfdt'r'mihedf aiiiountpthe gate M is m p ll's' the at 9 to holdthestem-Bl in elevated 7 y ri"ctioh."*After a certain amount of goes through the flush line, and notwithstairding 'the continuous feeding of water theret "d g fliishiiig tire' pressure of the" water in ch rnbei's is -lessened to'such' a degree that t efo'rceo'f the watergate 4G'transmitted'to ifiSllffiQitBIlt" tounaintairi the stern 31 in this "Os'itidiiaridthestem and valve automatically p tothe'inorigir'ial "positions.

D the dischargeof'water from said chamhere 0 id bowlfthe pressure of the water which What is claimed is: if starlet comprising a flush bowl, a closed chamber having "an opening therein adapted to teammates with asour'c'e of water supply for toiietfa passageway for conducting'water d chamber to'said bowl, and means'for controlling the discharge from said chamber to said"bowlf said means'including a manually operable "valveadapted' to be moveclto open posities e' the water in said chamber flows from said chamber; through said passageway and to said than, and means acted upon 'by the pressure of the water in said chamber for maintainiiili"sa i i va1v in said epnposiuon; said valve 55 automatically moving tdclosed position, 'to pretent the" scharge of water rom said chambrto saidbowli'when the pressure of said water acting on said"las't mentioned "means has seawater-mat the discharge of "said water from ear chamber 2. toiletcomprising a flush bowl. a closed chamber having" an *opening therein adapted to be connected with a a source of I water supply for said" toilet;"a passageway for conducting water "from'saidc'hamber to saidbowl and means ior controlling the discharge from said chamber to said bowl, said meansincluding a valve, which when inclosed position and with said chamber connected to the source of supply, the chamber is partially filled with water and the remainder oi the-space therein "is occupied by an air cushion, manually operable means ior moving said valve from closed to open position whereby the water in "said chambe'r discharges into said bowl, arid "riiaris acted'uponfby the ressure orthe sitting inwardly towards thevalve so-'*that' it water in said chamber to maintain said valve in open position, said 'lastsmeans rendered *i-nefiecr tive s to. maintains said valve: in.-said open-position when the pressure of said water in said cham.-;. ber has been reduced to a predetermined .value upon discharge'of water therefrom; q

3. A toilet comprising a'flushing bowl, a closed chamber having an opening'iherein adaptedwto. be connected with a source of water supply, a passageway connecting said chamber to said"bo.w1 for conducting waterirom said chamber-to said. bowl,-andmeans for controlling "the discharge: of water from said chamber tosaid bowl, said means including a manually operable ,valve adapted to be moved to open position whereby the water in said chamber flows fromsaid chame ber to-said bowl, a imember' connected to :said valve and movable from oneposition to anotherupon actuation of said valve,- and"'meansfasso ciated with-said member and: acted uponrbyathe pressure of thewater'in said chamber to maintain said memberin itsparticular position :when said valve'is atopen position whereby said valve is" maintained in open position, said valve and member" adapted to return totheir "original positions to prevent the flow oi water from said chamber to said-bowl when the pressure of said water on saidmeans is so reducedthat theaction oi said'water pressure onsaid means'is ineiiectiveto maintain said member in said particular position when the valve is i at. :openposition i i a I 4. A toilet comprising a flush bowl, a closed chamber havingan opening therein adapted "to be connected with-a source of-water supply for said toilet, a passageway from conducting wae' ter-irom said chamberto said bowl, means for controlling the discharge from said chamber to saidbowl, said means including a valve for open,- ingandclosing said passageway, said valveadapted to be manually operated to :open-=position whereby the water flows from said-'charnber-to said bowl, a valve stem associated with said-valve and adapted to movein unison with said valve, means acted upon by the pressure of the water in said chamber to frictionallyengage saidstem in its particular position when the valve is in openposition to maintain said valve in said open position, said valveadapted to automaticallyreturn toits closed position and-:said stem to automatically return to i its original position after discharge of said water from said chamber when the pressure or the water in 'said chamber has been so reduced that itsaction on said means is ineffective 'tomaintain said stem insaid par ticular position whereby said valve automatical- 1y closes-saidpassageway. i a 4 U 5. -A- toilet including a flush bowl, a closed chamber 'having an opening therein adapted. to be connectedto a source of water supply for said toilet, a flush passageway for conducting water from said chamber to said bowl and means for controlling the discharge from'said chamber to said bowl, said means including a valve, a vertically disposed valve stem connected to said 'v'alveiand adapted tobe moved therewith, said valve and stem adapted to be moved-verti'c'ally to move said valve fromclose to open position, andmeahs acted upon by the pressure of the water in said chamber to engage said stein in its" particular positionwhen said valve is'""at open "position to maintain said valve' at saidopen position, said meansincluding amenrb'er' adapted'tobe actuated in a horizontal-plane an r'a pivoted member adapted'to actuate said first member; the movement of said secondmember dependent on the pressure of the water 'in said chamber, said stem adapted to return to its original position and said valve adapted to return to close position when the pressure of the water on said second member is ineffective to maintain the stem in its upper position by the first member after discharge of water from said chamber.

6. A toilet comprising a flush bowl, a closed chamber having an opening therein adapted to be connected with a soiuce of water supply for said toilet, a passageway for conducting water from said chamber to said bowl and means for controlling the discharge from said chamber to said bowl, said means including a valve, which when in closed position and with said chamber connected to the source of supply, the chamber is partially filled with water and the remainder of the space therein is occupied by an air cushion, manually operable means for moving said valve from closed to open position whereby the water in said chamber discharges into said bowl, automatic means for rendering said manually operable means ineflective, and means acted upon by the pressure of the water in said chamber to maintain said valve in open position when said manually operable means has been rendered ineffective, said last means rendered ineffective to maintain said valve in said open position when the pressure of said water in said chamber has been reduced to a predetermined value upon discharge of water therefrom.

'7. A toilet comprising a flushing bowl, a closed chamber having an opening therein adapted to be connected with a source of water supply, a passageway connecting said chamber to said bowl for conducting water from said chamber to said bowl, and means for controlling the discharge of water from said chamberto said bowl, said means including a manually operable valve adapted to be moved to open position whereby the water in said chamber flows from said chamber to said bowl, automatic means for rendering said manually operable means ineffective, a member connected to said valve and movable from one position to another upon actuation of said valve, and means associated with said member and acted upon by the pressure of the water in said chamber when said manually operable means has been rendered ineffective to maintain said member in its particular position when said valve is at open position whereby said valve is maintained in open position, said valve and member adapted to return to their original positions to prevent the flow of water from said chamber to said bowl when the pressure of said water on said means is so reduced that the action of said water pressure on said means is ineffective to maintain said member in said particular position when the valve is at open position.

8. A toilet comprising a flush bowl, a closed chamber having an opening therein adapted to be connected to a source of water supply for said toilet, a passageway for conducting water from said passageway to said bowl, a valve, which when in closed position and with said chamber connected to said source of supply, the chamber is partially filled with water and the remainder of the space therein is occupied by an air cushion, manually operable means for lifting said valve from closed to open position whereby the water in said chamber discharges through said passageway to said bowl, said means including a lifting cam, automatic means for returning said cam to its original position whereby said cam is rendered unefiective, means acted upon by the pressure of the water in said chamber to maintain said valve in open position when said cam has been rendered inefiective, said last means rendered ineffective to maintain said valve in open position when the pressure of the water in said chamber has been reduced to a predetermined value upon discharge of water therefrom whereupon said valve returns to its close position.

9. A toilet including a flush bowl, a closed chamber having an opening therein adapted to be connected to a source of water supply for said toilet, a flush passageway for conducting water from said chamber to said bowl, a valve for said passageway, a stem secured to said valve, a guide for said stem located in and supported by said chamber, manually operable means for actuating said stem to move said valve from closed to open position whereupon the water in said chamber discharges through said flush passageway to said bowl, pivoted means actuable by the pressure of the water in said chamber to frictionally engage said stem to maintain said valve in open position, said valve and stem adapted to return automatically to their original positions when the pressure of the water in said chamber is so reduced by the discharge of water therefrom that the pressure on said pivoted means is insuflicient to maintain said valve and stem in open position.

10. A toilet comprising a flush bowl, a closed chamber having an opening therein adapted to be connected to a source of water supply for said toilet, a flush passageway for conducting water from said chamber to said bowl, a valve for said passageway, a housing for said valve, said housing supported by said chamber, a stem for said valve, said valve pivoted to said stem, a guide for said stem, said guide supported by said housing, manually operable means for raising said valve and stem to open said passageway whereby the water in said chamber discharges through said passageway to said bowl, and pivoted means supported by said housing and acted upon by the pressure of the water in said chamber to maintain said stem and valve in raised position, said pivoted means rendered inefiective to maintain said valve and stem in raised position when the pressure of the water in said chamber has been reduced to a predetermined value upon discharge of water therefrom whereupon said valve and stem automatically return to their original position to close said passageway.

11. A toilet comprising a flush bowl, a closed chamber having an opening therein adapted to be connected to a source of water supply for said toilet, a flush passageway for conducting water from said chamber to said bowl, a valve for said passageway, a stem for said valve, said stem pivotally connected to said valve, a housing for said valve, a guide for said stem, said guide carried by said housing, a yoke secured to said stem, manually operable means for raising yoke, stem and valve to raise said valve from closed to open position whereby water may discharge from said chamber through said passageway to said bowl and means acted upon by the pressure of the water in said chamber to maintain said valve in said open position, said last means supported by said housing and including an element pivoted thereto, said last means rendered ineffective to maintain said valve in open position when the pressure of the water in said chamber on said pivoted element has been reduced to a predetermined value upon discharge of water therefrom whereupon said yoke, stem and valve are lowered to close said passageway.

12. A toilet comprising a flush bowl, a closed chamber therein adapted to be connected with a source of water supply for said toilet, said opening located between the top and bottom of said chamber, a passageway for conducting water from said chamber to said bowl, said passageway communicating with said chamber and bowl and connected to the bottom of said chamber, demountable means for controlling the discharge from said chamber to said bowl, said means adapted to be inserted and removed as a unit and comprising a valve, a stem pivotally connected to the valve and a water pressure actuable means for controlling the position of the valve, said chamber being partially filled with water and the remainder of the space therein being occupied by an air cushion when said valve is in closed posi tion, manually operable means for raising said stem and valve to open position whereby the water in said chamber discharges through said passageway to said bowl, said water pressure actuable means acted upon by the pressure of the water in said chamber to frictionally engage said stem to maintain said valve and stem in open position, automatic means for rendering said manually operable means ineffective, said pressure actuable means rendered ineffective to maintain said valve in open position when the pressure of the water in said chamber has been reduced to a predetermined value upon discharge of water therefrom whereupon said stem and valve return to close position.

13. A toilet comprising a flush bowl, a closed chamber having an inlet opening therein adapted.

to be connected to a source of water supply for said toilet, a passageway for conducting water from said chamber to said bowl, a valve for said passageway to control the discharge of water from said chamber to said passageway, said chamber being partially filled with water, the remainder of the space in said chamber occupied by an air cushion when said valve is in close posi tion, a stem pivotally connected to said valve, a yoke connected to said stem, a shaft extending into said chamber, a cam supported by said shaft, said shaft being manually operable to rotate said cam to actuate said yoke and stem upwardly and move the valve from close to open position whereby the water in said chamber will discharge through said passageway into said bowl, automatic means for returning said cam to ineffective position, means acted upon by the pressure of the water in said chamber, when said cam is returned to inefiective position, to frictionally engage said stem and maintain said valve in open position, said last means rendered ineifective to maintain said valve in open position when the pressure of the water in said chamber has been reduced to a predetermined value upon discharge of water therefrom, whereupon said yoke and 'valve, which when in closed position and said chamber connected to said source of supply, the chamber is partially filled with water and the remainder of the space therein is occupied by an air cushion, manually operable means for moving said valve from closed to open position whereby the water in said chamber discharges through said passageway and into said bowl, means acted upon by the pressure of the water in said chamber to maintain said valve in open position, said last means rendered ineffective to Q maintain said valve in said open position when the pressure of said water in said chamber has been reduced to a predetermined value upon dis.- charge of water therefrom whereupon said valve returns to its close position, a conduit communicating with said discharge conduit and said passageway and a valve for controlling the passage of water from said passageway to said conduit.

15. A toilet comprising a flush bowl, a discharge conduit therefor, a closed chamber having an opening therein adapted to be connected to a source of water supply for said toilet, a passageway for connecting said chamber to said bowl, means for controlling the discharge from said chamber to said bowl, said means including a valve, which when in closed position and said chamber connected to said source of supply, the chamber is partially filled with water and the remainder of the space therein is occupied by an air cushion, manually operable means for moving said valve from closed to open position whereby the water in said chamber discharged through said passageway and into said bowl, means acted upon by the pressure of the water in said chamber to maintain said valve in open position, said last means rendered ineffective to maintain said valve in said opening position when the pressure of said water in said chamber has been reduced to a predetermined value upon discharge of water therefrom whereupon said valve returns to its close position, a conduit communicating with said discharge conduit and said passageway and a valve for controlling the passage of water from said passageway to said conduit, said second valve closing said conduit by the pressure of water thereon during normal discharge of water from said chamber to said bowl, said valve being open when the pressure of the water entering said conduit is below a predetermined value whereupon the water passes to the discharge conduit when the pressure of the water discharging from said chamber is below a predetermined value.

JOSEPH F. WOLPERT.