US2146098A - Carbonized electrode tube - Google Patents
Carbonized electrode tube Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2146098A US2146098A US126740A US12674037A US2146098A US 2146098 A US2146098 A US 2146098A US 126740 A US126740 A US 126740A US 12674037 A US12674037 A US 12674037A US 2146098 A US2146098 A US 2146098A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- electrode
- carbon
- oxide
- electrodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 sodium silicate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
- H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J2893/0012—Constructional arrangements
- H01J2893/0019—Chemical composition and manufacture
- H01J2893/0022—Manufacture
- H01J2893/0023—Manufacture carbonising and other surface treatments
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
- Y10T428/292—In coating or impregnation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
- Y10T428/2942—Plural coatings
- Y10T428/2949—Glass, ceramic or metal oxide in coating
Definitions
- This invention relates to an electron discharge device comprising one or more electrodes or other parts with surfaces coated with a carbon layer, and to a method of making an electrode for such 5 a tube.
- Discharge tubes made in accordance with the invention comprise one or more electrodes or other bodies which are at least partly coated on the 30 surface with a carbon layer and in which there r is provided between the core body and the carbon layer a material layer having such properties that it strongly adheres to the underlying metal and to the carbon and in which the carbon of the layer does not or only partly dissolve.
- layers of silicates such as sodium silicate
- layers of refractory oxides such as one or more of the alkaline earths, preferably oxide of magnesium, or oxide of beryllium, oxides of aluminum, or the like.
- Figure 1 shows a rectifier having an anode constructed in accordance with our invention
- Figure 2 is a perspective view partly broken away of part of a cold electrode, such as an anode, made in accordance with our invention.
- the rectifier shown in Figure 1 comprises the usual evacuated bulb enclosing a thermionic cathode l such as a tungsten or oxide coated filament,
- anode 2 preferably of nickel and carbonized in accordance with our invention.
- the anode is coated with a firmly adherent coating of carbon deposited on an intermediate or linking layer of some refractory material which firmly adheres to the metal of the anode and in which the carbon does not dissolve to any substantial extent during operation of the device.
- the metal body or sheet nickel anode has on its surface a firmly adherent layer of refractory material, preferably an alkaline earth, such as magnesium oxide.
- a firmly adherent layer of refractory material preferably an alkaline earth, such as magnesium oxide.
- an adherent coating of carbon t which may be applied in accordance with well known methods, but which is preferably deposited by heating the oxide coated electrode in a carbonaceous atmosphere.
- the linking or binding layer of oxide seems to link or bind the carbon to the metal and to hinder dissolution of the carbon in the metal.
- Electrodes made in accordance with the present invention by a method which comprises coating the nickel elec" trode 2 with a layer consisting of one or more alkaline earths, preferably magnesium oxide, by applying to the electrode a material which will produce on.the electrode a thin, dense, adherent layer of alkaline earth or other oxide when the electrode is treated.
- a material which will produce on.the electrode a thin, dense, adherent layer of alkaline earth or other oxide when the electrode is treated.
- One desirable way of obtaining this layer is to spray the electrode with a suspension consisting of finely powdered magnesium oxide suspended in a volatile suspending medium, such as water or alcohol, and then bake the electrode to drive off the suspension medium and leave a firmly adherent layer of magnesium oxide on the surface of the electrode.
- a volatile suspending medium such as water or alcohol
- this layer of refractory oxide is not critical, but the layer is preferably in view of the low resistance made as thin as feasible consistent with complete covering of the electrode surface with a dense, uniform layer of the oxide.
- the oxide coated nickel electrode is then carbonized by heating it, preferably by the conventional high frequency induction heating coils, in a carbonaceous atmosphere containing a simple hydrocarbon, such as acetylene, methane or the like.
- the oxide coated nickel electrode responds to carbonizing treatment in much the same way as the oxidized or clean nickel electrodes commonly used, and consequently it may be carbonized by conventional methods, such as, for example, the method disclosed in U. S. patent to Upp, 1,852,865, April 5, 1932.
- a cold nickel electrode carbonized in accordance with our invention withstands the temperatures attained during operation of the conventional electron discharge devices better than carbonized nickel electrodes which lack the oxide linking layer and in particular the carbon coating seems to be more adherent and to remain in place much better, particularly during operation than in the conventional carbonized electrodes.
- An electron discharge tube comprising a thermionic cathode and a cooperating cold electrode comprising a metal sheet, a thin refractory adherent layer of magnesium oxide covering the surface of said sheet which faces said cathode and a coating of carbon on and firmly adherent to said refractory layer auaoos 2.
- An electron discharge tube comprising a thermionic cathode and a cooperating cold electrode comprising a metal sheet, a'linking layer consistingpof one'or more oxides selected from the group consisting of the alkaline earths, beryl- I lium oxide, and aluminum oxide and firmly ad-' herent to said metal sheet, and a coating of carbon on said linking layer.
- An electrode for an electron discharge device comprising a sheet of nickel having a refractory layer of oxide selected from the group comprising the alkaline earths, beryllium oxide and aluminum oxide and firmly adherent to said nickel sheet, and a coating of carbon on said layer.
Description
Feb. 7, 1939. K. M. VAN GESSEL ET AL 2,146,098
CARBONI ZED ELECTRODE TUBE Filed Feb. 20, 1937 INVENTOR KAREL MARINUS VAN GESSEL.
ATTORN EY Patented Feb. 7, 1939 CABBONIZED ELECTRODE TUBE Karel Marinus Van Gessel and Frits Prakke, Eindhoven, Netherlands, assignors to N. V.
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken,
Netherlands Eindhoven,
Application February 20, 1937, Serial No. 126,740 In Germany February 10, 1936 3 Claims.
This invention relates to an electron discharge device comprising one or more electrodes or other parts with surfaces coated with a carbon layer, and to a method of making an electrode for such 5 a tube.
In order to increase the heat radiation of electrodes for electric discharge tubes, more particularly of anodes, it is known to coat these electrodes on the surface with a black layer such as a carbon layer. Furthermore, it has already been proposed to connect auxiliary bodies, such as cooling ribs to the electrodes and to provide these bodies also with a black layer on the surface. Al-
though such layers may yield good results, they present difficulties in many cases, due to the fact that these electrodes and other bodies may lose part of their coating and black color due to flaking off of the carbon coating and other elfects caused by high temperatures during operation, so that the thermal radiation decreases.
Experiments made by the applicants have proved that these difiiculties may be caused by the carbon dissolving'in the underlying material, particularly during the degasifying operation, and that the drawbacks of the conventional carbonized electrodes can be avoided by this invention.
Discharge tubes made in accordance with the invention comprise one or more electrodes or other bodies which are at least partly coated on the 30 surface with a carbon layer and in which there r is provided between the core body and the carbon layer a material layer having such properties that it strongly adheres to the underlying metal and to the carbon and in which the carbon of the layer does not or only partly dissolve. For this purpose we prefer to use layers of silicates, such as sodium silicate, or layers of refractory oxides, such as one or more of the alkaline earths, preferably oxide of magnesium, or oxide of beryllium, oxides of aluminum, or the like. In this way an electrode is obtained which is coated with a firmly adherent carbon layer and which retains its heat radiating properties during use, since there is practically no dissolution of the carbon in the underlying metal layer.
Our invention will better be understood in connection with the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 shows a rectifier having an anode constructed in accordance with our invention, and Figure 2 is a perspective view partly broken away of part of a cold electrode, such as an anode, made in accordance with our invention.
The rectifier shown in Figure 1 comprises the usual evacuated bulb enclosing a thermionic cathode l such as a tungsten or oxide coated filament,
surrounded by an anode 2, preferably of nickel and carbonized in accordance with our invention. The anode is coated with a firmly adherent coating of carbon deposited on an intermediate or linking layer of some refractory material which firmly adheres to the metal of the anode and in which the carbon does not dissolve to any substantial extent during operation of the device.
As more clearly shown in Figure 2, the metal body or sheet nickel anode has on its surface a firmly adherent layer of refractory material, preferably an alkaline earth, such as magnesium oxide. On this layer is an adherent coating of carbon t which may be applied in accordance with well known methods, but which is preferably deposited by heating the oxide coated electrode in a carbonaceous atmosphere. The linking or binding layer of oxide seems to link or bind the carbon to the metal and to hinder dissolution of the carbon in the metal.
We have obtained good results with electrodes made in accordance with the present invention by a method which comprises coating the nickel elec" trode 2 with a layer consisting of one or more alkaline earths, preferably magnesium oxide, by applying to the electrode a material which will produce on.the electrode a thin, dense, adherent layer of alkaline earth or other oxide when the electrode is treated. One desirable way of obtaining this layer is to spray the electrode with a suspension consisting of finely powdered magnesium oxide suspended in a volatile suspending medium, such as water or alcohol, and then bake the electrode to drive off the suspension medium and leave a firmly adherent layer of magnesium oxide on the surface of the electrode. Magnesium compounds which break down and leave magnesium oxide when heated may be used if desired. The thickness of this layer of refractory oxide is not critical, but the layer is preferably in view of the low resistance made as thin as feasible consistent with complete covering of the electrode surface with a dense, uniform layer of the oxide. The oxide coated nickel electrode is then carbonized by heating it, preferably by the conventional high frequency induction heating coils, in a carbonaceous atmosphere containing a simple hydrocarbon, such as acetylene, methane or the like. In general, the oxide coated nickel electrode responds to carbonizing treatment in much the same way as the oxidized or clean nickel electrodes commonly used, and consequently it may be carbonized by conventional methods, such as, for example, the method disclosed in U. S. patent to Upp, 1,852,865, April 5, 1932.
lib
A cold nickel electrode carbonized in accordance with our invention withstands the temperatures attained during operation of the conventional electron discharge devices better than carbonized nickel electrodes which lack the oxide linking layer and in particular the carbon coating seems to be more adherent and to remain in place much better, particularly during operation than in the conventional carbonized electrodes.
We claim:
1. An electron discharge tube comprising a thermionic cathode and a cooperating cold electrode comprising a metal sheet, a thin refractory adherent layer of magnesium oxide covering the surface of said sheet which faces said cathode and a coating of carbon on and firmly adherent to said refractory layer auaoos 2. An electron discharge tube comprising a thermionic cathode and a cooperating cold electrode comprising a metal sheet, a'linking layer consistingpof one'or more oxides selected from the group consisting of the alkaline earths, beryl- I lium oxide, and aluminum oxide and firmly ad-' herent to said metal sheet, and a coating of carbon on said linking layer. 7
3. An electrode for an electron discharge device comprising a sheet of nickel having a refractory layer of oxide selected from the group comprising the alkaline earths, beryllium oxide and aluminum oxide and firmly adherent to said nickel sheet, and a coating of carbon on said layer.
-KARELMARINUSVANGESSEL. FRITS v
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2146098X | 1936-02-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2146098A true US2146098A (en) | 1939-02-07 |
Family
ID=7987137
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US126740A Expired - Lifetime US2146098A (en) | 1936-02-10 | 1937-02-20 | Carbonized electrode tube |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2146098A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2725617A (en) * | 1951-10-29 | 1955-12-06 | Rca Corp | Carbonized composite metal |
| US2917811A (en) * | 1955-06-15 | 1959-12-22 | Gen Electric | Method of producing an electrode structure |
| US3112423A (en) * | 1960-07-18 | 1963-11-26 | Burroughs Corp | Noise-generating tube |
| US3958146A (en) * | 1974-02-08 | 1976-05-18 | Gte Sylvania Incorporated | Fast warm up picture tube cathode cap having high heat emissivity surface on the interior thereof |
-
1937
- 1937-02-20 US US126740A patent/US2146098A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2725617A (en) * | 1951-10-29 | 1955-12-06 | Rca Corp | Carbonized composite metal |
| US2917811A (en) * | 1955-06-15 | 1959-12-22 | Gen Electric | Method of producing an electrode structure |
| US3112423A (en) * | 1960-07-18 | 1963-11-26 | Burroughs Corp | Noise-generating tube |
| US3958146A (en) * | 1974-02-08 | 1976-05-18 | Gte Sylvania Incorporated | Fast warm up picture tube cathode cap having high heat emissivity surface on the interior thereof |
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