US2143454A - Honing machine - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 10, 1939. w. D. sci-1mm- 2,143,454

HONING mcu mm Original Filed Nov. 5, '1936 s Sheets-Sheet 2 93 full", 4s 4 g,

" I mam D. J'kzmJf- Jan. 10, 1939.- w. D. SCHMIDT 2,143,454

HONING MACHINE Original Filed Nov. 5, 1936 I 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Jan. 10, 1939 PATENT OFFICE HONING MACHINE William D. Schmidt, Worcester, Mass assignor to The Heald Machine Company, Worcester, Mass a corporation of Massachusetts Application November 5, 1936, Serial No. 109,270

Renewed May 4, 1938 22 Claims.

The present invention relates to a. honing ma.- chine, and especially to a machine in which the honing operation is under the control of a size determining mechanism.

In the accurate honing of workpieces to a predetermined finished dimension, it is frequently desirable to provide for measuring the size of the workpiece in order to terminate the honing operation when the predetermined finished size is reached. A honing machine adapted for use with a plug gage is described and claimed in a co-pending application of Harold L. Blood, Serial No. 102,147, filed September 23, 1936, in which, however, the supporting structure for the honing stones must be shifted axially toward one end of the workpiece to allow entry of the plug gage at the opposite end. This arrangement is entirely satisfactoryin operation, but, where the workpiece is relatively short, the hones cannot be reciprocated sufficiently relative to the workpiece to remain in contact with the workpiece and, at the same time, allow the plug gage to test the workpiece diameter. One of the principal objects of the present invention is to avoid the above noted objection by a gage which is in a radial plane which passes through the honing members.

The amount of material removed in the usual honing operation is relatively small, and in many cases is no more than one or two ten-thousandths of an inch. A further object of the present invention is the provision of. an extremely sensitive gage, which will measure small variations in workpiece diameter, of the order abbve noted, to provide for controlling the finished diameters of successive workpieces within extremely small limits.

Where a honing machine is arranged for the simultaneous honing of a plurality of workpieces, with one hone operating on each workpiece, it is 49 frequentlydesirable where accurate sizing-is essential, to provide. for terminating the honing ac-- tion of each hone independently, so that the finished size of each workpiece may be individually controlled. A further object. of the-invenas tion is to provide a size control associated with each honing head in a multiple-head honing machine, with a provision for rendering each hone inoperative when the workpiece operated upon by the hone reaches a predetermined size,

50 independently of the action of the other hones on the machine.

Other and further objects and advantages of the invention will more fully appear from the following detailed description, taken in connec- 55 tion with the accompanying drawings, in which- Fig. 5 is a view of the end of the honing device shown in Fig. 4, with parts broken away along the line 5-5.

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of a machine on which the honing device of Figs. 1-5 may be mounted.

Fig. '1 is a wiring diagram.

Like reference characters refer to like parts in the different figures.

The honing device disclosed in the drawings may be applied to any suitable type of honing machine which may be, for example, the honing machine described in the co-pending application of Harold L. Blood, Serial No. 100,911, filed September 15, 1936, which discloses a multiplehead honing machine. It is sufficient to note, for the purposes of the present invention, that one form of machine suitable for use with the honing head to be described, embodies a reciprocatory table I, Fig. 6, mounted on a base 2 and adapted to carry either a work-support or the honing device. In the construction shown, the work-support'3, in the form of a bracket, is secured to the table, and the honing device 4, embodying the invention, is mounted on a bridge 5, which extends over the table at one end of the base. The table is reciprocated for moving the workpiece or workpieces carried by the worksupport axially into and out of operative engagement with the hone, and to provide for a short relative reciprocation between the workpiece and the honing device is operative position. This reciprocation may be provided by the cylinder 6 and piston 'l, the latter being connected by a piston rod 8 to 9. lug 9 on the table. The control of the reciprocatory table by a fluid pressureactuated mechanism of this character, is so well known as to require no further description. It i will be understood that the bridge may have a plurality of honing devices arranged in a row for engagement with a plurality of workpieces in the work-support, each workpiece being located in axial alinement with a corresponding honing device.

suitable key, not shown. The

With reference now to Figs. 1 and 4, the honing device embodying the invention comprises a housing H), see also Fig. 6, in which is Journalled a rotary shaft H, on one end of which a hone I2 is mounted. To the opposite end of the shaft H is secured a pulley l3, Fig. 4, by which a rotation of the shaft is obtained. Suitable belts provide a'connection between the pulley I3 and a driving pulley, not shown, the belts being kept tight by an idler pulley |4 journalled on a stud l5 mounted on the bridge.

Referring again to Fig. 1, the hone I2, which corresponds, in general, to the hone described and claimed in the co-pending Blood application, Serial No. 100,580, filed September 14, 1936, comprises an arbor or head l6, having an axial bore H, in which a splndle'l8 is slidable, the latter being held against rotation in the arbor by a spindle l8 has an arcuate shoulder l9 positioned within the head, and the end of said spindle projects beyond the head and has a cap 20 secured thereto. A cylindrical hub 2| on the arbor provides for attachment thereof, with the honing members mounted thereon, to the end of the shaft II, and the arbor is held against rotation on said shaft by a set screw 22, Fig. 3.

The arbor |6 has a plurality of radially extending slots 23, in each of which is positioned a bell crank lever 24. At the corner of each lever is an arcuate protuberance 25 engageable with the arcuate shoulder IS on the hone spindle, thereby permitting oscillation of the lever about this point.

Surrounding the arbor adjacent the base of the slots 23 is a ring 26, secured to the head as by bolts 21, the ring having a small flange 28 engaging in an annular notch 29 in the arbor, to hold the ring in position. Between the ring and the arbor is clamped a resilient disk 30, in the form of an annular diaphragm having a plurality of resilient fingers 3|, one of which extends inwardly into each of the notches 23. Each lever 24 has an arcuate lug '32 for engagement with the inner or left hand (Fig. 1) side of the corresponding finger 3|.

The opposite end of each lever has an arcuate lug 33 which engages in an arcuate recess 34 in a hone carrier 35. On the outer side of each carrier is a plate 36 to which is secured, as by a suitable adhesive, a honing member preferably in the form of a stone 31, of abrasive material. The honing stones are additionally held on the carrier plates by flanges 38 extending outwardly from the plates.

The plates 36 are releasably held on the carriers by coil springs 39 and 40, eachin the form of an annulus extending around the arbor. The spring 39 is positioned at the inner or left hand end of the plates and engages with the left hand edge of the flanges 38 thereon. The other coil spring 40 is positioned in a recess 4| in the outer end of each of the plates 36, the inturned portion of the plate which forms the recess engaging in a correspondingly shaped recess 42 in the carrier. These coil springs hold the plates on the carriers and hold the carriers in engagement with the corresponding levers 24. The levers are held in predetermined relation to each other by a coil spring 43, also in the form of an annulus, positioned in a slot 44 provided in the arbor. The several springs 39, 40 and 43 tend to collapse the hone and thus hold it releasably in contracted position.

'he hone is expanded for moving the stones outwardly into engagement with the workpiece by mechanism shown in Fig 1 and 4, which may correspond in general to that disclosed in the copending application of Blood and Schmidt, Serial No. 103,725, flled October 2, 1936. With reference to these figures, the shaft H has an axial bore 45 in which the end of the spindle 8 is received. A rod 46, also positioned in the bore, has a plunger 41 on the right hand end thereof for engagement with the end of the spindle l8, and a coil spring 48 surrounds the rod 46 and urges the plunger 4'! to the right for expanding the hone, the spring being positioned between the plunger and a collar 49 within the spindle. The rod 46 is held against turning movement within the spindle by a key 50, Fig. 4, which allows for an axial movement of the rod 46 to the right. Movement of the rod 46 is limited by a nut 5| on the threaded left hand end of the rod, said nut having a projecting flange engageable with the end of the pulley l3. A second nut 52 on the rod is held against turning movement relative to the nut 5| by a pin 53 extending through both of the nuts and a coil spring 54 positioned between the nuts and engageable in recesses therein urges the nuts apart to place a frictional drag thereon.

A compensation for wear on the stones is provided also correspond, in general, to that disclosed in the above cited copending application of Blood and Schmidt. The compensatory movement of the stones is eflected by turning of the nuts 5| and 52 on the rod 46 to allow a slightly greater movement of the rod to the right and thus a greater expansion of the hone. With reference to Fig. 4, the nut 5| has a collar 55 extending therearound and in a position for engagement with a radial flange 56 on the nut 52. The collar is mounted inan open slot 51 in an arm 58 and is carried on trunnions, not shown, extending inwardly from opposite sides of the slot for a turning movement of the collar therein. The arm 58 is journalled on a pin 59 in a bracket 60 secured to the housing I. A projecting bar 6|, forming part of the arm 58, has an adjustable stop 62 engageable with a. part of the bracket 60 and an adjustable stop 63 in the bracket 60 is engageable with the bar 6|. The cooperating stops 62 and 63 limit the rocking movement of the arm 58 in both directions.

The lower end of the arm 58 has a plunger 64 slidably mounted therein and normally urged into the position shown by a spring 65 surrounding the plunger, the movement of the plunger to the right being limited by adjusting nuts 66 on the left hand end of the plunger. The latter is in a position for engagement with the end of the table I as the latter reaches operative position and an" oscillation of the'arm 58 occurs during the reciprocatory movement of the table while in operative position. In the normal oscillatory movement of the arm 58, the collar 55 does not come in contact with the flange 56. As the stones become worn, however, so that a compensation for wear is necessary, the flange 56 engages with the collar 55 as the hone is expanded and the nuts 5| and 52 are then held against turning movement until therod 46 is turned slightly within the nuts to allow a greater expansion of the hone.

The above structure is all fully described and claimed in earlier patents and copending applications and does not of itself embody the present invention. Thelatter involves in connection with the above, or similar honing machine elements,

and the mechanism'for this purpose may the invention isa termination ofthe honing op eration when the workpiece reaches a predetermined finished dimension.

With reference again to. Fig. 4, the nut 62 on the hone actuating rod 46 has, integral therewith, and extending to the left thereof, a flanged collar 61 to which a similar collar '68 is fastened, as by bolts 68. The collar 68 is secured by a key .10 to a piston rod 1| having at itsopposite end a piston 12 which is slidable in a cylinder 13 in a housing 14 secured to the main housing I0. The cylinder 13 has a port 15 connected by a conduit 16 to a port 11 in a valve casing 18, Fig. 6, mounted on the base of the machine. The casing 18 has an inlet port 19 connected to a suitable source of fluid under pressure which may be a constant pressure pump. a

An exhaust port 80 is also provided in the casing 18 and fluid connection between the port 11 and 80 is normally provided by a reduced portion M of a valve 82 slidable in the casing. At the end of the honing operation the valve 82 is shifted to' the left by energization of a solenoid 83 which has its armature 84 connected to the valve-stem. Movement of the valve to the left allows the ad mission of fluid under pressure to the right hand side of the piston 12 to collapse the hone, thereby withdrawing the stones from engagement with the workpiece. The solenoid 83 is energized when the workpiece reaches a predetermined dimension in response to the action of a gage, best shown in Figs. 2 and 3. With reference to these figures, the hone arbor I6 has diametrically opposed radial slots 85 and 86 in which are positioned the gage arms or feelers 81 and 88 respectively. The end of each arm has a hardened surface 89 for engagement with the workpiece and these surfaces, as shown in Fig. 3, are in a radial plane passing through the stones 31. That is to say, a plane at right angles to the axis of rotation of the bones which includes the hardened surfaces 89 will also pass through each of the honing stones 31; in this manner the gage arms engage with the workpiece surface during the honing operation and it is entirely unnecessary to withdraw the hone from the work in order to test the workpiece diameter.

The gage arms are carried'by flat springs 90 and 9! connected tothe ends of a bar 92 positioned in a slot 93 in the spindle I8 and pivoted on a pin 94, carried by the end of the spindle II. Small slots 95 in the spindle I8 at right angles to the slot 93 allow the spindle I8 to move axially for expansion and contraction of the hone without affecting the position of the gage arms and supporting structure.

On the ends of the gage arms opposite work engaging surfaces are opposed coils 98 and 91, also positioned within the'slot 93. The bar 92 has an integral finger 98 extending parallel to the arms, and with its free end located between the ends of the coils 96 and 91. Thus the gage and associated mechanism are floated on the pin 94 so that the gage is free to measure the workpiece diameter by the spacing of the hard ened surfaces on the two gage arms, independently of the actual position of either arm relative to the hone.

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1 'The inner ends of the coils 98 and 91 are connected together by a lead 99, Fig. 3. which also extends centrally through the spindle I8 and actuating rod 46 to a ring I; Fig. 4, of conducting material, extending around the collar 61 and insulated therefrom by insulation IN. The outer endsof the- coils 98 and 91 are connected by leads I02 and I03 respectively to rings I04 and I06, Fig. 3, of conducting material, extending around the periphery of an integral flange I08 on the shaft II, and insulated therefrom by suitable insulation I01, the leads I02 and I03 extending through small bores I08 and I09 in the shaft'l I.

fingers H0 and III mounted. on an insulating block II2 secured to a cap II3 on the housing I0,

anda similar spring finger I I4, Fig. 4, engages the ring I00 and is mounted on an insulating block H on the cylinder housing 14. Suitable leads H6, H1 and H8 provide a connection from these spring fingers to the remainder of the electrical system.

With reference now to the wiring diagram of Fig. 7, in which the rings I00, I04 and I05, and the spring fingers IIO, III and I are omitted for clarity, the coils 96 and 91 are shown to be connected by the leads 99 and H8 to one side of the secondary winding II9 of a transformer I20, whose primary winding I 2I is connected to a source of power represented by the parallel leads I22. The outer end of the coil 96 is connected by the lead IIB to one terminal of one 'of a pair of primary windings I23 and I24, both wound in the same direction on a magnetic core I25. The outer end of the coil 91 is similarly connected by the lead II1 to the opposite winding I24. These windings I23 and I24 have their ad-- jacent ends connected by a lead I28 to the secondary winding of the transformer I20.

A secondary winding I21 on the core I is con 4 nected by leadsl 28 and I29 to the opposite terminals of a suitable bridge rectifier I of familiar construction. The other terminals of this rectifier are connected by leads I3'I. and I32 to a coil I33 forming part of'a micro-ammeter. I34.

The indicating needle I35 of the micro-ammeter I has its end in a position to engage with a conducting fiuid I38 in a cup I31. The needle is connected by a lead I38 to one side of a suitable source of direct current represented by the parallel leads I38 and I30, and the cup I31 is connected by a lead I40 to one terminal of the solenoid 83. The opposite terminal of the solenoid is connected by a lead I to the lead I39,

As the workpiece is honed the gage arms move apart.-at the workpiece engaging ends, bringing the coils 96 and 91 closer and closer to the finger 38jtherebyincreasing the power in the windings I23 and I24 until the induced current in the sec-' ondary winding I21 reaches such a value as to cause the neede of the micro-ammeter I34 to move into engagement with the conducting fluid. When this occurs the solenoid 83 is energized to shift the valve 82, thereby directing fluid to the a In the operation oi the machine the table I is caused to move to the left by any suitable control lever, which will cause the workpiece a to be brought into operative relation to the hone, or in the case of a multi-head honing machine, to cause the several workpieces to be brought simultaneously into operative relation with the several alined hones. When the workpiece or workpieces reach operative relation the gage fingers are urged toward each other by engagement with the bore of the workpiece, thereby moving the coils 88 and 91 apart and reducing the amount of current through the micro-ammeter so that the needle is withdrawn from the conducting fluid to break the circuit through the solenoid 83. The valve 82 is then shifted to the right by the spring 84' to allow fluid under pressure from the right hand side of the piston 12 to exhaust so that the honing stones may be moved outwardly by the spring 48 into engagement with the workpiece bore.

The honing operation continues with the gage fingers gradually moving apart as material is removed from the workpiece bore until the workpiece reaches the desired finished size, at which time the coils 88 and 91 are close enough together to induce sufllcient current in the winding I21 to cause the needle of the micro-ammeter to complete the circuit through the solenoid 83. When the solenoid is thus energized the valve 82 is shifted to the left to direct fluid under pressure to the cylinder 13 and withdraw the hone from engagement with the workpiece. Where the machine has several honing heads it will be apparent that each individual hone is separately controlled by the gage fingers associated therewith, so that the flnished size of each of the simultaneously honed workpieces may be indivadually controlled with the corresponding hone withdrawn from operative relation to the workpiece as soon as each workpiece reaches the desired finished diameter.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that the present invention involves a size-control for a honing machine which permits control of the honing operation. The size-control device has contact with the workpiece in a radial plane passing through the honing stones so that it is unnecessary to withdraw the hones far enough from the workpiece to allow the entry of a gage of the plug type. Where the machine has a plurality of honing heads simultaneously operative upon a series of workpieces, it is possible, by the arrangement disclosed, to terminate each individual honing operation independently of the honing operations simultaneously performed by the other honing heads on the machine.

I claim:

1. In a honing machine, the combination with a hone having a plurality of angularly spaced honing elements, oi a size determining mechanism having a feeler engageable with the workpiece between adiacent honing elements.

2. In a honing machine, the combination with a hone having a plurality of angularly spaced honing elements, of a size determining mechanism having a ieeler engageable with the workpiece in a radial plane intersecting the honing elements.

3. In a honing machine, a hone having at least one honing element, a size controlling mechanism having a feeler engageable with the surface 01 the workpiece in a. radial plane intersecting the honing element, and means under the control 01. the sizing mechanism for withdrawing the honing element relative to the hone.

4. In a honing machine, the combination with a hone having a plurality of angularly spaced honing elements, of a size controlling mechanism including at least one work engaging contact carried by the hone and engageable with the workpiece, said work engaging contact being positioned between adjacent honing elements.

5. In a honing machine, the combination with a rotatable hone having a plurality oi angularly spaced honing elements, of a size controlling mechanism having a ieeler engageable with the workpiece and rotatable with the hone.

6. In a honing machine. a hone comprising an arbor and a plurality of angularly spaced honing elements movable relative to the arbor, a size controlling mechanism carried by said arbor and including a feeler engageable with the workpiece and means actuated by said size controlling mechanism for procuring a movement 01' said honing elements relative to said arbor in a direction to withdraw said elements from engagement with the workpiece. s

7. In a honing machine, a hone comprising an arbor and a plurality of angularly spaced honing elements movable relative to the arbor, a size controlling mechanism having at least one work engaging contact engageable with the workpiece in a radial plane intersecting the honing elements, and means under the control oi. said sizing mechanism for prociu-ing a movement of the honing elements relative to the arbor for withdrawing the elements from operative position.

8. In a honing machine, the combination with a hone having a plurality of honing elements, means for normally holding the elements in operative position, size determining mechanism having at least one work engaging contact engageable with the workpiece in a radial plane intersecting the honing elements, and means actuated by said size determining mechanism for withdrawing the honing elements from operative position.

9. In a honing machine, the combination with a hone having a plurality of honing elements, means for normally holding the elements in operative position, size determining mechanism having at least one work engaging contact engageable with the workpiece in a radial plane intersecting the honing elements, fluid pressure actuated means for procuring movement of said honing elements relative to the hone out oi. operative relation, and means under the control of the sizing mechanism for rendering operative said fluid pressure actuated means.

10. In a honing machine, the combination with a hone having a plurality of honing elements, means for normally holding the elements in operative position, size determining mechanism having at least one work engaging contact engageable with the workpiece in a radial plane intersecting the honing elements, fluid pressure actuated means for procuring movement of said honing elements relative to the hone out of operative relation, and electrical means under the control of the sizing mechanism for rendering operative said fluid pressure actuated means.

11. In a hone, an arbor, at least one honing element carried by said arbor and movable relative thereto into and out of operative position, and a gage member carried by said arbor and movable relative thereto said member having a feeler engageable with the workpiece.

12. In a hone, an arbor, a plurality oi honing elements carried by said arbor and movable relative thereto, and at least one gage member carried by said arbor and having a work engaging portion located between adjacent honing elements.

13. In a hone, an arbor having a plurality of radial slots therein, a lever positioned in each slot, 2. honing element carried by each lever, and a gage member carried by said arbor and having a work engaging portion located between adjacent honing elements.

14, In a hone, an arbor having a plurality of radial slots therein, a lever positioned in each slot, 9. honing element carried by each lever, and a gage member carried by said arbor and having a work engaging portion located between adjacent honing elements and in a radial plane inter secting said'honing elements.

15. In a honing machine, a honing head comprising an arbor, a plurality of angularly spaced honing elements carried by and movable relative to the arbor, at least one gage arm carried by said arbor and having a work engaging feeler positioned between adjacent honing elements, said gage arm being mounted !or rocking movement relative to the arbor.

16. In a honing machine, a honing head comprising an arbor, a plurality of angularly spaced honing elements carried by and movable relative to the arbor, and a pair of gage arms carried by the arbor and mounted for movement relative thereto, each arm having a feeler positioned between adjacent honing elements.

17. In a honing machine, a honing head comprising an arbor, a plurality of angularly spaced honing elements carried by and movable relative to the arbor, a pair of gage arms carried by the arbor and mounted tor movement relative thereto, each arm having a feeler positioned between adjacent honing elements, and means for normally urging said honing elements relative to the arbor into operative position.

18. In a honing machine, a rotatable hone comprising an arbor, a plurality of angularly spaced honing elements carried by and movable relative to the arbor, and an electrically actu ated size controlling mechanism including at least one gage arm carried by the arbor and having a feeler position between adjacent honing elements for engagement with the workpiece, and electrically actuated means for procuring a change in the honing operation in response to movement of the gage arm.

19. In a honing machine, a hone comprising an arbor, a plurality of angularly spaced honing elements movable relative to the arbor and a spring actuated plunger movable axially of the arbor for urging the honing elements into operative position, size controlling means including a gage arm carried by the arbor-and having a work engaging contact positioned between adjacent honing elements, and means responsive to movement 0! the gage arm relative to the arbor for procuring a movement 01 the plunger for a contraction of the hone.

20. In a honing machine, the combination with a hone having a plurality of angularly spaced honing elements, of a sire-determining mechanism having a ieeler engageable with the workpiece between adjacent honing elements, and means under the control of said size-determining mechanism for withdrawing the hone from engagement with the workpiece.

21. In a honing machine, a hone comprising an arbor, a plurality of angularly spaced honing elements carried by and movable relative to the arbor, at least one gage arm carried by said gage arbor, and having a work-engaging Ieeler positioned between adjacent honing elements, said gage arm being mounted for rocking movement relative to the arbor, electrically actuated means for procuring a change in the honing operation, and means responsive to movement of the gage arm for rendering said electrically actuated means operative.

22. In a honing machine, a hone comprising an arbor, a plurality of angularly spaced honing elements carried by and movable relative to the arbor, at least one gage arm carried by said gage arbor, and having a work-engaging teeler positioned between adjacent honing elements, said gage arm being mounted for rocking movement relative to the arbor, electrically actuated m'eans for procuring a change in the honing operation, an electrical circuit, and means responsive to movement of the gage arm for varying the power in the circuit, and means operative when the power in the circuit reaches a predetermined quantity for actuating said electrically actuated means.

WILLIAM D. BCHIEIDT.

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