US2142612A

US2142612A - Boiler

Info

Publication number: US2142612A
Application number: US474678A
Authority: US
Inventors: Charles E Lucke
Original assignee: Babcock and Wilcox Co
Current assignee: Babcock and Wilcox Co
Priority date: 1927-01-03
Filing date: 1930-08-11
Publication date: 1939-01-03
Anticipated expiration: 1956-01-03

Description

Jan. 3, 1939. c. E'. LUcKE 2,142,612

BOILER v Original Filed Jan. 5, 192.7 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENT B ZaT-Sfuce "i ATTORNEY 4 Sheets-Sheet `2 ATTORNEY "KRW C. E. LUCKE BoILER Original vFiled Jan. 5, 1927 Jan, 3, 1939.

C. E. LUCKE Jan. 3, 1939.

BOILER Original Filed Jan. 3, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 VMMWW INVENTOR B ferK/slace #mr-d n ATTORNEY Jan. 3, 1939.

C. E. LUCKE BOILER Original Filed Jan. 3:-, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 4 INVENToR EL??? 7/6S-z/vc/4e A-ORNEY Patented Jan. 3, 1939 A BOILER.

Charles E; Lucke, New York, N. Y., assignmto The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Bayonne, N. J., a corporation of New Jersey Original application January 3, 1927, Serial No. 158,470. Divided and this application August 12 Claims.

This invention relates to steam boilers of the forced circulation type in which a circulating pump is employed for insuring proper circulation of the water through the tubes of the boiler, and this application is a division of my application Serial No. 158,470, led January 3, 1927.

An object of this invention is to provide a boiler of the' type set forth having improved features of construction as will be more readily understood from the following description.

In the drawings Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional view through the boiler furnace showing a boiler arrangement constructed in accordance with one embodiment of this invention.

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional View on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1; Y

Fig. 3 is a sectional view through a combined steam turbine and centrifugal pump in the storage chambers employed in connection with the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a partial sectional view taken on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 1 illustrating a different arrangement; and

Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the arrangement and correlation of the boiler tubes in .the furnace.

As illustrated, the boiler is provided with a feed pump having a water cylinder I and a steam cylinder 2. 'Ihe exhaust steam passes into the coil 3 located in the water tank 4 where it is condensed. Suction tube 5 leads from the feed water tank to the water cylinder and feed water is'supplied to the tank delivery line 6 that is connected with any desired source of supply and controlled by a suitable iioat 1. A feed water delivery line 8 connects the water cylinder of the feed pump with the boiler.

As illustrated in Fig. 1, the circulation of the unvaporized water through the boiler is produced by a centrifugal or screw pump which is combined with thev steam separator that is directly connected to a steam turbine driven by a part or Iall of the steam generated by the boiler after such steam has become ldry through freeing it of liquid. As shown, the feed water passes from the feed water pump through a pipe 8 to a header |10 extending vertically upward, thence through horizo-ntal tubes |1| extending across the furnace ue to a vertical header |12 and through connected pipes |13 and |14 to a combined steam` and water separator, storage chamber and circulating pump |15 from which the separated steam passes through a pipe 3U to the steam main, a safety valve 42 being associated with the 11,31930, Serial No. 474,678. Renewed May 19,

The combined steam and water separator and centrifugal pump |15 is illustrated in detail in Figs. 3 and 4. The mixture of steam and water delivered by the pipe |14 enters the tubes through the inlet where it is directed by curved plates |9| downwardly over a baffle |92 into the lower part of the separator. The water collected in the bottom of the chamber is driven by a centrifugal pump |93 through an outlet |94 connected to the circulating water supply line i3. The separated steam passes upwardly, as is generally indicated by the arrows, and flows through turbine |95 th'e rotor of which is secured by a shaft |96- which is also connected to the rotor 'of the centrifugal water pump |93. The steam from the turbine |95 passes through a steam outlet |91 to the delivery line 30. "I'he pump and turbine connected shaft |96 is provided with a worm |98 meshing with a worm gear |98' on a. shaft |98* arranged to drive a centrifugal governor |99 for controlling a steam by-pass 200 aroundthe turbine, the arrangement beingv such that the bypass valve 200 is opened at a predetermined turbine speed to permit the passage of steam to the outlet |91 without having to now through the turbine i95, by this arrangement all of the power steam is subjected'to only a small drop in pressure on the way to the main power use, and through such drop is caused to operate a dry steam motor for driving auxiliaries. one kind of which is shown here as being a pump. This arrangement insures a better system heat balance than would be the case if only a small part of the steam should be taken away and its whole pressure range used for auxiliary purposes. The advantage o1 this arrangement of using all of the steam with a small pressure drop instead of a. small portion with a high pressure drop is greater in small size units, or with very high steam pressures, and it is most valuable when both conditions prevail; by these means and by to a vertical header 203 on .2, 2li and 2I8 to the this method it becomes possible to utilize steam in small high pressure units of greater overall efciency than is otherwise possible.

This arrangement is of particular advantage in that it permits the use of small power steam turbines at high pressure for driving auxiliaries, whereas with the usual arrangement of utilizing the entire pressure drop the high pressure of the steam and the small power of such auxiliary drive turbine demands such minute nozzle passages that friction of the steam in passing through the same is prohibitive to the arrangement.

A float mechanism is attached to a. lever I1 connected by a chain I8 to the valve i9 in the steam line I4 leading to the steam cylinder of the feed water pump so that the rate of operation of the feed pump is controlled by the level of the water collected in the separator chamber |15.

In the modiiication illustrated in Fig. 5, the feed water passes through the pipe 8 into vertical header thence through a horizontal tube 202 the other side of the gas outlet flue, thence through

tubes

204 and 205 to the combined steam and water separator and circulating pump |15. The unvaporized water from the steam and water separator is forced through a circulating water delivery line I3 to a header 206, and thence to circulating coils which are most clearly illustrated in Fig. 6. The water divides, passinginto three

headers

201, 208 and 200. From the header 208 the flow is through a row of slag screen tubes 2l0 to a header 2II, thence through vertically disposed tubes 2I2 to an upper header 2 I 3, thence through connections pipe 205 leading back to the steam and water separator. Another part of the water passes from the header 208 through side wall cooling tubes 2|1 to an upper header 2H, and through a second header 219, and wall tubes 220 to header 22|, thence through

connections

222 and 223 to the steam and water separator.

Another portion of th header 209 through horizontal wallcooling tubes 224 to a vertical header'225, thence through connections 2I5 and 2 I6 to the steam and water separator. Another portion of the circulating water passes from the header 201 to the vertical header 220, thence'through horizontal side wall cooling tubes 221 to a vertical header 228, and thence through the

connections

223 and 216 to the steam and water separator.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a steam generating system, a combustionv chamber and ue, steam generating tubes in said combustion chamber, an economizer in. said ilue, a steam and water separator receiving the discharge from the aforesaid tubes and economizer, a pump delivering water to said system, a turbine and circulating pump within said separator and connected in operative relation, the turbine disposed on one side of the steam and water discharge to said separator and the pump disposed on the otherrside, the steam released in the separator driving the pump to re-circulate separated water in the system, a connection between the circulating pump discharge and said system, all of the steam released in the separator being directed toward the turbine for operation thereof, and a valve controlled steam by-pass governing the turbine operation.

2. In a steam generating system, a combustion chamber and flue, steam generating tubes in said combustion chamber,

water flows from the an economizer in 'said flue, a steam and water separator receiving the discharge from the aforesaid tubes and economizer, a pump delivering water to said system, a turbine and circulating pump within said separator and connected in operative relation, the turbine disposed on one side of the steam and v'ater discharge to said separator andthe pump disposed on the other side, the steam released in the separator driving the pump to re-circulate separated water in the system, a connection between the circulating pump discharge and said system, all of the steam released in the separator being directed toward the turbine for operation thereof, a valve controlled steam-by-pass governing the turbine operation, and means actuated by the water level in the separator for controlling the amount of new water added to the system by the feed pump.

3. In a steam and water separator, a separating chamber, a turbine at one end thereof and a pump at the other end thereof, the turbine and pump being connected in operative relation, the pump receiving all of the water from the separator and the turbine adapted to normally receive al1 of the steam from the separator, and a turbine governor in combination with a by-pass directing some of the steam around the turbine when the turbine reaches a predetermined speed. 4. In a steam and water separator, a separating chamber, a turbine at one end thereof and a pump at the other end thereof, the turbine and pump being connected in operative relation. the pump receiving all of the water from the separator and the turbine adapted to normally receive all of the steam from the separator, and. a centrifugal governor in combination with a by-pass directing some of the steam around the turbine when the turbine reaches a predetermined speed.

5. A steam generating system comprising a steam generator having a combustion chamber and a heating gas outlet ue, a group of steam generating tubes absorbing radiant heat from said combustion chamber, a group of convection heated tubes located in said outlet nue, a steam and water separating chamber having an inlet receiving the discharge from both of said tube groups, separate steam and water outlets from said separating chamber, a rotary circulating pump positioned in the water space of said separating chamber and arranged to deliver water separated in said chamber directly to said combustion chamber tube group, a feed pump for supplying feed waterA to said outlet flue tube group only in accordance with the water level in said separating chamber, a turbine located in the steam space of said separating chamber between said iniet and steam outlet and arranged to be actuated by steam passing to said outlet. a driving connection between said turbine and rotary pump, means in said separating chamber below said turbine for separating the incoming steam and water, a steam by-pass around said turbine, and means controlling the amount of steam passing through said by-pass in accordance with the speed of said turbine, whereby the amount of water circulated through said combustion chamber tube group will be controlled in accordance with the amount of steam passing through the turbine.

6. 'I'he method of operating a pressure vapor generator having auxiliaries supplying working medium and elements of combustion and with a pressure vapor power take-off having a dry vapor operated auxiliary driver therein which comprises drying all of the vapor generated, normally expanding all of the dried vapor through said driver and discharging it to the power take-oit, and using the speed of the driver irrespective of demand on the generator to prevent driver speed in excess of a predetermined speed upon generation of vapor beyond the requirements for .Said selected driver speed.

` 7. The method of operating a pressure vapor generator having auxiliaries supplying working medium and elements oi' combustion and with a pressure vapor power take-01T having a dry vapor operated auxiliary driver therein which comprises drying all of the vapor generated, normally expanding all of the dried vapor through said driver and discharging it to the power take-oil',

and by-passing the vapor. around the driver in response to a predetermined speed of the driver irrespective of demand upon the generator to prevent driver speed in excess oi' selected speed upon generation of vapor beyond the requirements for said selected speed.

8. The method of operating a prss'ire vapor generator having auxiliaries supplying working medium and elements of combustion and with a pressure vapor power take-oil having a dry vapor operated auxiliary driver therein which comprises supplying the working medium in relation to the generator heating surface at rates preventing 'overheating of the surface, drying all of the vapor generated, normally expanding all of the dried vapor through the driver and discharging it to the power takeoff, using the wetness of the working medium leaving the 'heating surface to regulate the degree of wetness, and using the speed of the driver irrespective of demand on the generator to prevent speed in excess of a predetermined speed .upon generation of vapor beyond the requirements for said selected driver speed.

9. In combination, a. generator converting liquid into pressure vapor, auxiliaries supplying liquid and elements of combustion, a pressure vaporpower take-olf, a turbine driver for at least one of the auxiliaries arranged to normally receive all oi the vapor generated and discharge it to the power take-oil, means drying allot the vapor entering the turbine, and means Iresponsive to turbine speed irrespective of demand on the generator preventing turbine speed in excess of ase- [lected' speed upon generation of vapor beyond the requirements for said selected turbine speed.

10. The method of operating a pressure vapor generator -having auxiliaries supplying working medium and elements of combustion and with a pressure vapor power take-off having a dry vapor operated auxiliary driver thereinwith constantly open orices for the passage of vapor, which comprises drying all of the vapor generated, and normally expanding and discharging all of the driedvapor through said driver whereby it is continuously expelled' into the power take-ofi in an uninterrupted stream free of pulsation.

l1. The method of operating a pressure vapor generator having auxiliaries supplying working medium and elements of combustion and with a pressure vapor power take-off having a dry vapor operated auxiliary driver therein which comprises separating all of tle liquid from the vapor generated, normally expanding all of the dried vapor through said driver and discharging it to the power take-off, using the speed of the driver irrespective of demand on the generator to prevent driver speed in excess of `a predetermined speed upon generation of vapor beyond the requirements for said selected driver speed, and returning at least some of the separated liquid to the generator.

12. The method of operating a forced circulation pressure vapor generator'of small liquid and vapor storage capacity and including pressure .vapor driven auxiliaries supplying working medium and elements of combustion and delivering through a power take-off having a dry vapor operated auxiliary driver therein with constantly open orifices for the passage of vapor, which comprises regulating the generator for producing a liquid and vapor mixture in ,advance of the driver, separating the liquid to dry the vapor, and normally expanding all of the dried vapor in a continuous stream through the constantly open orifices of said driver whereby a non-pulsating stream ismaintained at the power take-off.

CHARLES E. LUCKE.