US2138036A - Compressional wave sender or receiver - Google Patents
Compressional wave sender or receiver Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2138036A US2138036A US688770A US68877033A US2138036A US 2138036 A US2138036 A US 2138036A US 688770 A US688770 A US 688770A US 68877033 A US68877033 A US 68877033A US 2138036 A US2138036 A US 2138036A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- crystal
- receiver
- housing
- diaphragm
- crystals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 48
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 13
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- VRDIULHPQTYCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Prothionamide Chemical compound CCCC1=CC(C(N)=S)=CC=N1 VRDIULHPQTYCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000246123 Retama raetam Species 0.000 description 1
- UEJYSALTSUZXFV-SRVKXCTJSA-N Rigin Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(O)=O UEJYSALTSUZXFV-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002305 electric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010091078 rigin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001476 sodium potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
- B06B1/0662—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface
- B06B1/0677—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface and a high impedance backing
Definitions
- quartz is a comparatively expensive mafaces.
- the receivers can be so built that only terial which usually can be obtained in only relone surface is acted upon by the pressure waves 15 atively small crystals which, therefore, must be while the other surface of the crystal is rigidly assembled by special means in a mosaic fashion fastened to a fixed mass in the housing, or alto produce senders or receivers of reasonable ternatively both surfaces may be arranged to size. Practical results can only be obtained with be acted upon by the pressure waves in the waquartz if the natural resonance of the crystals is ter. 2
- Fig. 1 shows a certain other crystals, for example, of such salts double diaphragm transmitter or receiver and as sodium potassium tartrate
- Fig. 2 shows a plan view looking at Fig. 1 from 25 known as Rochelle-salt crystals.
- Fig. 3 shows in vertical section a have shown that the use of Rochelle-salt crysmodification of the device shown in Fig. 1; and tals is particularly advantageous for receiving Fig 4 is a horizontal section of the modification sound in water. shown in Fig. 3; Fig.
- FIG. 5 shows a further modifica- One object of the present invention is to protion in which a single thin rubber diaphragm is 30 vide for submarine sound senders and receivers used to conduct the vibrations to and from the a means for utilizing the piezo-electric effect of crystals and the water.
- Rochelle-salt crystals for the transformation of A simple construction of a Rochelle-salt sender compressional vibrations into electric vibrations, or receiver is shown in Fig. 5 in which the radiatand vice versa.
- Rochelle-salt crystals can reading surface of the crystal is covered with a thin 35 ily be produced in comparatively large sizes and rubber diaphragm which protects the crystal are relatively cheap. Their special value lies, chamber from the water.
- receiver may be used as a sender.
- a polarizing potential it should be noted, however, that the diaphragm 5 produces in itself a definite constant initial pressure upon the crystal, thereby giving it a pressure polarization.
- the surface covered by the crystal is sufficiently large, one obtains a sharp directional effect, that is to say, when the wave length of the sound is small with respect to the dimensions of the diaphragm.
- FIGs. 1 and 2 A double-diaphragm instrument is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
- I is a rigid housing closed at one end by a piston diaphragm 2 forming part of the housing and closed at the other end by a cover I which also forms the piston diaphragm 3.
- the Rochelle-salt crystal 5 Between the piston diaphragms is mounted the Rochelle-salt crystal 5.
- 6 and I are electrodes, for example, thin metal foil mounted on the crystal by suitable adhesive and connected to the conductors 8 and 9 which serve to conduct electric energy to and from the crystals.
- the inner surfaces of the piston diaphragms 2 and 3 are separated from the crystal by insulating layers I and are pressed tightly against the crystal by the tension of the diaphragms.
- the areas of the diaphragms are large compared with the areas of the active surfaces of the crystal. This has the effect of greatly increasing the sensitivity of the device when used as a receiver.
- the radiating surfaces are semicylindrical in form.
- the Rochelle-salt crystal 5 is mounted between two semi-cylindricalrigid bodies II.
- the members II may be made of insulating material.
- the members are held together by a shell I2 which may be of rubber and designed to press the members II tightly against the surfaces of the crystal 5.
- I3 and I I are two metal plates which serve as holding members for the shell I2 which is clamped to them by means of the rings I! and I8 which press the shell I2 into grooves I5 and IS in the members I3 and I4. The whole arrangement is in this manner made watertight.
- the curved surfaces of the members II serve as radiating surfaces while the internal surfaces of the members II are made fiat and are pressed against the crystal.
- the members II may each vibrate as nearly as possible as a whole and transfer the pressure with best efllciency to the crystal 5, they are separated by a small air space.
- the use of the shell I2, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, is thought to be preferable and avoids the necessity of filling the spaces between the members II, so that they can vibrate freely.
- the crystal may be mounted on the housing or the diaphragm by a suitable adhesive or by other suitable means.
- the receiver according to the present invention is of particular advantage on account of its freedom from disturbing noises.
- the individual receivers are preferably enclosed within a common shell as, for example, a rubber housing which protects the receivers from the water and holds them at the proper distances from one another.
- the present invention may be used for producing sound waves in water by applying a potential to the electrodes.
- a compressional wave submarine sender or receiver comprising a. housing closed at one end by a heavy mass and having an opening at the other end, a Rochelle-salt piezo-electric crystal, having electric and compressional axes, mounted therein in contact with said mass and with its compressional axis perpendicular to the plane of said opening, a yielding rubber-like diaphragm in contact with said crystal and covering said opening, said diaphragm having a thin portion between the place of contact of the crystal and the edge of the opening, and means for conducting electric energy to or from the electric axes of said crystal.
- a compressional wave submarine sender or receiver comprising a. housing closed at one end by a heavy mass and open at the other end, a Rochelle-salt piezo-electric crystal having electric and compressional axes mounted so that one compressional surface abuts said end mass and its opposite surface projects slightly through said opening, a rubber sheet, means for stretching said sheet over said opening and said projecting crystal surface, whereby the crystal is pressed firmly means for conducting electric energy to and from said crystal.
- a compressional wave submarine sender or receiver comprising a casing having a heavy back wall and heavy sides and open at one end, a Rochelle-salt piezoelectric crystal substantially filling the interior of the casing and supported against the back thereof, said crystal having its compressional axes normal to the casing and extending substantially to the end surfaces of the sides thereof, a thin yielding diaphragm covering the open end of said casing and means clamping said diaphragm in position, said clamping means extending substantially to the edges of the inner wall of said opening.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE423205X | 1932-12-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2138036A true US2138036A (en) | 1938-11-29 |
Family
ID=6468761
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US688770A Expired - Lifetime US2138036A (en) | 1932-12-24 | 1933-09-09 | Compressional wave sender or receiver |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2138036A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR761783A (fr) |
GB (1) | GB423205A (fr) |
Cited By (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2420864A (en) * | 1943-04-17 | 1947-05-20 | Chilowsky Constantin | Piezoelectric plastic material and method of making same |
US2425594A (en) * | 1943-03-04 | 1947-08-12 | Western Electric Co | Submarine signal microphone |
US2427062A (en) * | 1944-06-02 | 1947-09-09 | Brush Dev Co | Vibrational energy transmitter or receiver |
US2427348A (en) * | 1941-08-19 | 1947-09-16 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Piezoelectric vibrator |
US2433383A (en) * | 1942-06-24 | 1947-12-30 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Crystal microphone |
US2435595A (en) * | 1942-02-19 | 1948-02-10 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High-power compressional wave radiator |
US2436377A (en) * | 1943-12-27 | 1948-02-24 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Ultrasonic compressional wave transmission |
US2448365A (en) * | 1945-07-27 | 1948-08-31 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Projector and receiver of supersonic frequencies |
US2451966A (en) * | 1944-11-18 | 1948-10-19 | Brush Dev Co | Transducer |
US2452068A (en) * | 1943-01-23 | 1948-10-26 | Submarine Signal Co | Sound pickup device |
US2472714A (en) * | 1945-04-16 | 1949-06-07 | Massa Frank | Piezoelectric sound pressure microphone |
US2482451A (en) * | 1945-06-07 | 1949-09-20 | Reeves Hoffman Corp | Piezoelectric crystal holder |
US2486146A (en) * | 1948-10-01 | 1949-10-25 | Cambridge Thermionic Corp | Pressure responsive transducer |
US2521642A (en) * | 1945-11-29 | 1950-09-05 | Brush Dev Co | Transducer means |
US2529658A (en) * | 1944-01-31 | 1950-11-14 | Brush Dev Co | Transducer and system |
US2538114A (en) * | 1944-10-17 | 1951-01-16 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Thickness measurement |
US2546313A (en) * | 1946-12-26 | 1951-03-27 | Brush Dev Co | Testing instrument for acoustic devices |
US2589135A (en) * | 1947-04-25 | 1952-03-11 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Submarine signaling device |
US2605346A (en) * | 1945-09-18 | 1952-07-29 | Roland M Goglick | Waterproof microphone |
US2613261A (en) * | 1948-12-08 | 1952-10-07 | Massa Frank | Underwater transducer |
US2650991A (en) * | 1947-11-14 | 1953-09-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Accelerometer |
US2694868A (en) * | 1943-08-03 | 1954-11-23 | Edwin M Mcmillan | Echo repeater |
US2710458A (en) * | 1945-06-14 | 1955-06-14 | Donald G Reed | Underwater acoustic decoy |
US2712124A (en) * | 1955-06-28 | ording | ||
US2723357A (en) * | 1953-01-06 | 1955-11-08 | Sperry Prod Inc | Search units for ultrasonic inspection systems |
US2838850A (en) * | 1943-09-15 | 1958-06-17 | Edward B Stephenson | Virtual target for echo ranging apparatus |
US2851541A (en) * | 1954-07-28 | 1958-09-09 | Electro Voice | Electromechanical transducer |
US2860265A (en) * | 1954-06-21 | 1958-11-11 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Ferroelectric device |
US2962695A (en) * | 1955-05-13 | 1960-11-29 | Harris Transducer Corp | Resonant low-frequency transducer |
US3030527A (en) * | 1955-08-08 | 1962-04-17 | Stewart Warner Corp | Piezo-electric power source assembly |
US3215977A (en) * | 1960-07-27 | 1965-11-02 | Clevite Corp | Acoustic transducer |
US4433399A (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1984-02-21 | The Stoneleigh Trust | Ultrasonic transducers |
EP0609561A1 (fr) * | 1993-02-04 | 1994-08-10 | Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation AG | Transducteur |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2118757A (en) * | 1982-01-21 | 1983-11-02 | Ashworth Jones Alun David | Audio transducer |
-
1933
- 1933-09-09 US US688770A patent/US2138036A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1933-10-09 FR FR761783D patent/FR761783A/fr not_active Expired
- 1933-10-12 GB GB28269/33A patent/GB423205A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2712124A (en) * | 1955-06-28 | ording | ||
US2427348A (en) * | 1941-08-19 | 1947-09-16 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Piezoelectric vibrator |
US2435595A (en) * | 1942-02-19 | 1948-02-10 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High-power compressional wave radiator |
US2433383A (en) * | 1942-06-24 | 1947-12-30 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Crystal microphone |
US2452068A (en) * | 1943-01-23 | 1948-10-26 | Submarine Signal Co | Sound pickup device |
US2425594A (en) * | 1943-03-04 | 1947-08-12 | Western Electric Co | Submarine signal microphone |
US2420864A (en) * | 1943-04-17 | 1947-05-20 | Chilowsky Constantin | Piezoelectric plastic material and method of making same |
US2694868A (en) * | 1943-08-03 | 1954-11-23 | Edwin M Mcmillan | Echo repeater |
US2838850A (en) * | 1943-09-15 | 1958-06-17 | Edward B Stephenson | Virtual target for echo ranging apparatus |
US2436377A (en) * | 1943-12-27 | 1948-02-24 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Ultrasonic compressional wave transmission |
US2529658A (en) * | 1944-01-31 | 1950-11-14 | Brush Dev Co | Transducer and system |
US2427062A (en) * | 1944-06-02 | 1947-09-09 | Brush Dev Co | Vibrational energy transmitter or receiver |
US2538114A (en) * | 1944-10-17 | 1951-01-16 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Thickness measurement |
US2451966A (en) * | 1944-11-18 | 1948-10-19 | Brush Dev Co | Transducer |
US2472714A (en) * | 1945-04-16 | 1949-06-07 | Massa Frank | Piezoelectric sound pressure microphone |
US2482451A (en) * | 1945-06-07 | 1949-09-20 | Reeves Hoffman Corp | Piezoelectric crystal holder |
US2710458A (en) * | 1945-06-14 | 1955-06-14 | Donald G Reed | Underwater acoustic decoy |
US2448365A (en) * | 1945-07-27 | 1948-08-31 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Projector and receiver of supersonic frequencies |
US2605346A (en) * | 1945-09-18 | 1952-07-29 | Roland M Goglick | Waterproof microphone |
US2521642A (en) * | 1945-11-29 | 1950-09-05 | Brush Dev Co | Transducer means |
US2546313A (en) * | 1946-12-26 | 1951-03-27 | Brush Dev Co | Testing instrument for acoustic devices |
US2589135A (en) * | 1947-04-25 | 1952-03-11 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Submarine signaling device |
US2650991A (en) * | 1947-11-14 | 1953-09-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Accelerometer |
US2486146A (en) * | 1948-10-01 | 1949-10-25 | Cambridge Thermionic Corp | Pressure responsive transducer |
US2613261A (en) * | 1948-12-08 | 1952-10-07 | Massa Frank | Underwater transducer |
US2723357A (en) * | 1953-01-06 | 1955-11-08 | Sperry Prod Inc | Search units for ultrasonic inspection systems |
US2860265A (en) * | 1954-06-21 | 1958-11-11 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Ferroelectric device |
US2851541A (en) * | 1954-07-28 | 1958-09-09 | Electro Voice | Electromechanical transducer |
US2962695A (en) * | 1955-05-13 | 1960-11-29 | Harris Transducer Corp | Resonant low-frequency transducer |
US3030527A (en) * | 1955-08-08 | 1962-04-17 | Stewart Warner Corp | Piezo-electric power source assembly |
US3215977A (en) * | 1960-07-27 | 1965-11-02 | Clevite Corp | Acoustic transducer |
US4433399A (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1984-02-21 | The Stoneleigh Trust | Ultrasonic transducers |
EP0609561A1 (fr) * | 1993-02-04 | 1994-08-10 | Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation AG | Transducteur |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB423205A (en) | 1935-01-28 |
FR761783A (fr) | 1934-03-27 |
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