US2137110A - Boron alloy steel - Google Patents
Boron alloy steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2137110A US2137110A US90001A US9000136A US2137110A US 2137110 A US2137110 A US 2137110A US 90001 A US90001 A US 90001A US 9000136 A US9000136 A US 9000136A US 2137110 A US2137110 A US 2137110A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- molybdenum
- steel
- tungsten
- boron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 22
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 22
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 24
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 15
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 12
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an alloy steel containing molybdenum, boron, zirconium and cobalt, as well as certain other essential alloy components which is particularly adapted for use as metal cutting tools and wear resistant parts.
- the types of alloy tool steels which have heretofore been in general use contain tungsten as the principal alloying element; the standard 18-4-1 high speed steel being substantially an alloy of iron with 18% tungsten, 4% chromium, 1% vanadium, 0.50% to 0.75% carbon and minor percentages of other elements, such as manganese, silicon, phosphorus and sulphur.
- the composition is varied by increasing or decreasing the percentage of tungsten, or of one. or more of the other elements, In some cases molybdenum or uranium are substituted for a minor portion of the tungsten.
- cobalt in amounts from 2% to 8%, is occasionally added.
- compositions contain approximately four times as much molybdenum as tungsten; the amounts commercially used usually being from 6% to 8% molybdenum and from 1.5% to 2% tungsten.
- Another previously proposed composition contains molybdenum as the principal alloying element, and is free from, or substantially free from tungsten.
- the objective of the present invention is to provide an alloy tool steel containing molybdenum and entirely free from tungsten which has advantageous physical properties and characteristics, andwhich possesses a cutting emciency superior 10 to' that of heretofore known alloy tool steels.
- molybdenum carbide is to heat treat tools and other articles which have been previously formed to an exact gauge.
- Such steel will .the manner and amounts specified herein the present invention are molybdenum, boron, zirconium, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, carbon and iron.
- Manganese and silicon are usually ,present, but the amount of either of these elements in the steel should not exceed approximately 1%.
- phosphorus and sulphur, as well as various other elements commonly found in alloy steels are present in the nature of impurities incidental to manufacture. It will be understood that the amounts of such impurities present should not exceed the maximum limits usual in alloy tool steels.
- the alloy of the present invention comprises molybdenum 6% to 16%, boron 0.20% to 2.50%, zirconium 0.25% to 5%, cobalt 2% to 15%, chromium 2% to 6%, vanadium 0.50% to 3.00%, carbon 0.10% to 0.90% and the balance substantially iron.
- the alloy of the present invention possesses greater cutting efliciency than any previously known high speed steel.
- tools of this alloy have from 50% to 100% greater cutting efllciency than steels of the 20-4-2, or 18-4-1 types containing cobalt and from 200% to 500% greater cutting, efliciency than heretofore known tool steels containing molybdenum, molybdenum and cobalt, or molybdenum, tungsten and cobalt as the principal alloy components.
- This outstanding advantage is apparently due to the presence of eifective amounts of boron, zirconium and cobalt in combination with other essential components of the alloy.
- the alloy may be used in the as-cast condition, but inasmuch as it can be readily forged and rolled, I usually prefer to employ it in the wrought condition. Also, the alloy in the wrought condition is particularly amenable to thermal treatment by means of which the hardness and other physical properties and characteristics may be fixed and closely controlled over a relatively wide range.
- the composition may be formed into a weld rod of any suitable type and applied by various means of fusion welding to form. a deposit having substantially the same composition as the original alloy.
- weld deposits may be advantageously used for tips of cutting tools, wearing surfaces and the like; and may be utilized in the as-welded condition, or subjected to suitable thermal treatment before being used.
- An alloy consisting of molybdenum 6% to 16%, boron 0.25% to 2.50%, zirconium 0.25% to 5%, cobalt 2% to 15%, chromium 2% to 6%, vanadium 0.50% to 3%, carbon 0.10% to 0.90%, the balance substantially iron.
Description
Patented Nov. 15, 1938 I z,131,11o
BORON ALLOY STEEL Anthony G. de Golyer, New York, N. Y.
No Drawing. Application July Serial No. 90,001
1 Claim.
The present invention relates to an alloy steel containing molybdenum, boron, zirconium and cobalt, as well as certain other essential alloy components which is particularly adapted for use as metal cutting tools and wear resistant parts.
The types of alloy tool steels, usually classified as high speed steel, which have heretofore been in general use contain tungsten as the principal alloying element; the standard 18-4-1 high speed steel being substantially an alloy of iron with 18% tungsten, 4% chromium, 1% vanadium, 0.50% to 0.75% carbon and minor percentages of other elements, such as manganese, silicon, phosphorus and sulphur. For some uses the composition is varied by increasing or decreasing the percentage of tungsten, or of one. or more of the other elements, In some cases molybdenum or uranium are substituted for a minor portion of the tungsten. Also, cobalt, in amounts from 2% to 8%, is occasionally added.
The improvement of one or more of the important properties and characteristics, as well as economy in the cost of manufacture of high speed steel have been the objectives of extensive research, and various compositions have been suggested. One heretofore proposed composition contains approximately four times as much molybdenum as tungsten; the amounts commercially used usually being from 6% to 8% molybdenum and from 1.5% to 2% tungsten. Another previously proposed composition contains molybdenum as the principal alloying element, and is free from, or substantially free from tungsten.
The class of alloy tool steel containing a higher percentage of molybdenum than tungsten oilers certain manufacturing difiiculties which are well known. One major deficiency of this type of alloy is that molybdenum carbide, the hard constituent of the steel, is readily oxidized at temperatures generated in the tip of high speed cutting tools, or to which the steel is subjected for heat treatment, with the result that the outer portions of the steel are rapidly decarburized. This results in a marked decrease in the hardness of the tool, and a consequent loss of cutting efliciency.
In the heretofore known type of alloy tool steel in which tungsten has been entirely replaced by molybdenum the decarburiz ing action is even more rapid than when a minor percentage of tungsten is present- Furthermore, it has been conclusively determined by investigations extending over a period of several years that the cutting efiiciency of high speed steel containing molybdenum and free from tungsten is, in general appreciably lower than that of the 18-4-1 tungsten type. This is further confirmed by the fact that only a limited quantity of such steels have been used commercially since they were introduced more than ten years ago.- a
The objective of the present invention is to provide an alloy tool steel containing molybdenum and entirely free from tungsten which has advantageous physical properties and characteristics, andwhich possesses a cutting emciency superior 10 to' that of heretofore known alloy tool steels.
I 'have found that by alloying appreciable amounts of boron, zirconium and cobalt in steel containing molybdenum and entirely free from tungsten 'that I can produce an alloy tool steel which is superior to previously known high speed steels. The use of steel of the present invention on numerous and widely varied industrial applications has demonstrated that it is not only fulLv adapted for general purposes but that it is distinctly superior to other heretofore known types of steel for the cutting and working of many metals and alloys under special and diilicult conditions.
I have discovered elements, as herein specified, in the steel results in the formation of hard molybdenum compounds, probably in the nature of complex constituents containing molybdenum, carbon and boron; mo-
lybdenum, carbon and zirconium; molybdenum, boron and zirconium, with or without carbon, or
other complex molybdenum constituents. I have found that such molybdenum constituents are exceptionally stable at temperatures generated in the tips of metal cutting tools operated at high speeds, and at temperatures necessary for thermal treatment of the steel. As a result of extensive research I have found that the presence of appreciable amounts of boron, zirconium and cobalt, as specified herein, in steel containing mo- 40 lybdenum, not only prevents decarburization of such steel during operating and manufacturing operations, but produces a steel having exceptionally high cutting efliciency and strength.
The ease with which molybdenum carbide is to heat treat tools and other articles which have been previously formed to an exact gauge.
by combining the essential 26 Such steel will .the manner and amounts specified herein the present invention are molybdenum, boron, zirconium, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, carbon and iron. Manganese and silicon are usually ,present, but the amount of either of these elements in the steel should not exceed approximately 1%. Likewise phosphorus and sulphur, as well as various other elements commonly found in alloy steels, are present in the nature of impurities incidental to manufacture. It will be understood that the amounts of such impurities present should not exceed the maximum limits usual in alloy tool steels.
Specifically, the alloy of the present invention comprises molybdenum 6% to 16%, boron 0.20% to 2.50%, zirconium 0.25% to 5%, cobalt 2% to 15%, chromium 2% to 6%, vanadium 0.50% to 3.00%, carbon 0.10% to 0.90% and the balance substantially iron.
The results of numerous tests under controlled conditions and in regular manufacturing operations prove that the alloy of the present invention possesses greater cutting efliciency than any previously known high speed steel. For example, tools of this alloy have from 50% to 100% greater cutting efllciency than steels of the 20-4-2, or 18-4-1 types containing cobalt and from 200% to 500% greater cutting, efliciency than heretofore known tool steels containing molybdenum, molybdenum and cobalt, or molybdenum, tungsten and cobalt as the principal alloy components. This outstanding advantage is apparently due to the presence of eifective amounts of boron, zirconium and cobalt in combination with other essential components of the alloy.
Undoubtedly, the chief cause for failure of high speed metal cutting tools, during operation, is
- bined presence of' boron, zirconium and cobalt in the present alloy acts to greatly retard cratering; hence, the cutting tip of the tool is maintained in better physical condition for a much longer period of time than is possible with other alloy steels.
The alloy may be used in the as-cast condition, but inasmuch as it can be readily forged and rolled, I usually prefer to employ it in the wrought condition. Also, the alloy in the wrought condition is particularly amenable to thermal treatment by means of which the hardness and other physical properties and characteristics may be fixed and closely controlled over a relatively wide range.
Although the greatest scope of usefulness for this alloy appears to be in wrought forms as cutting tools, wearing parts, etc., I have found that the alloy is also valuable for welding. That is, the composition may be formed into a weld rod of any suitable type and applied by various means of fusion welding to form. a deposit having substantially the same composition as the original alloy. Such weld deposits may be advantageously used for tips of cutting tools, wearing surfaces and the like; and may be utilized in the as-welded condition, or subjected to suitable thermal treatment before being used.
I claim:
An alloy consisting of molybdenum 6% to 16%, boron 0.25% to 2.50%, zirconium 0.25% to 5%, cobalt 2% to 15%, chromium 2% to 6%, vanadium 0.50% to 3%, carbon 0.10% to 0.90%, the balance substantially iron.
ANTHONY G. D! GOLYER.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US90001A US2137110A (en) | 1936-07-10 | 1936-07-10 | Boron alloy steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US90001A US2137110A (en) | 1936-07-10 | 1936-07-10 | Boron alloy steel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2137110A true US2137110A (en) | 1938-11-15 |
Family
ID=22220616
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US90001A Expired - Lifetime US2137110A (en) | 1936-07-10 | 1936-07-10 | Boron alloy steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2137110A (en) |
-
1936
- 1936-07-10 US US90001A patent/US2137110A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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