US2133300A - Compositions of matter - Google Patents

Description

"UN lTED STATE s "PATENT OFFICE COMPOSITIONS OF MATTER Charles E. Linebarger and Charles E. Linebatger, In, Chicago, 111., assignors to The Chaslyn Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Illinois No Drawlngu Application August 14, 193.5, Serial No. 36,214

8 Claims.

This invention relates to new compositions of matter for use in the arts, particularly for the manufacture of hydrometric units employed as means of indicating the specific gravity or density of liquids. It has for its object the production of a come in contact with such liquids. The nature of our new composition of matter is such that it can be melted into a homogeneous liquid and then cast into molds 'to form homogeneous solids. Furthermore, it is designed for the making of homogeneous hydrometric units known to the trade as Chaslyn balls, tablets, discs, or cartridges, which, when placed in a liquid, will sink or swim according as the densities of the units are greater or less than that of the liquid under test.

The Chaslyn hydrometric units have heretofore been formed from compositions of matter consisting substantially of fused mixtures of chlorinated naphthalenes having relatively high densities and melting points, and of various waxes or similar materials of lower densities and melting points, which are derived from natural. sources. We have found,.howeve'r, that these hydrometric melting points, uniformity of texture and density, as well asto hardness and shrinkage. by making them' wholly, or in much greater part than heretofore, with synthetic compounds due, to the chemists art. rather than with natural materials of animal, vegetable or mineral origin.

In the present invention the materialsmay be selected from the numerous classes of the compounds of carbon, the choice depending upon certain qualities which the-composition must have. Any pair of compatible organic compounds, which are insoluble in water and inert to aqueous solutions, have different densities, liquefy above Fahrenheit, and one-or both of which show an amorphous or cryptocrystalllne structure, maybe used to make a composition of matter more or less desirable for producing hydrometric units. However, as a rule, additional compounds must be added to the composition in order to improve theunits.

, By the word "compatible herein we' mean that the substances have complete'mutual solubility with total absence of chemical action. The substances used in making our composition ofmat ter are selected from awide variety of organic units are improved, particularly as to highness of (CI. 87-19) V chemicals belonging to both the aliphatic and the aromatic-series, and to numerous classes, such as hydrocarbons and their halide and nitro derivatives, alcohols, esters, acids, amines, ketones, etc. All are compatible, forming true solutions and not suspensions or emulsions, and all maintain indefinitely the homogeneity of the composition both in thefused and in the solid state.

Organic chemicals having wax-like characteristics, obtainable commercially, are in numerous instances not definite compounds to which precise formulas and molecular weights can be assigned,

but rather are mixtures of a plurality of chemical units. Thus. the chemical reaction between chlorine and naphthalene results in the production of 'a number of waxes consisting of mixtures in vary-. ing proportions of different naphthalene chlorides; Manufacturers of such synthetic materialscan be depended upon, as a rule, to furnish different lots or samples under theiri trade names and numbers,- of suiilcient similarity of properties as to render them suitable for incorporating in hydrometrie units w A number of artificial or synthetic waxes has appeared on the market of which we have been unable to ascertain the chemical constitution and, are compelled therefore to refer to them by. their trade names in lieu of chemical names. We have examined into the suitability of such synthetic waxes as we have been able to obtain for use in making hydrometrlc units, and have found that any of them which comply with the specifications set forth herein can be employed as ingredients f or components in our new compositionof matter.

Not every binary blend of a heavy and light.

component yields a composit on of matter that is adapted to the successful manufacture of hydrometric units; the properties of grain, texture,

ing in most cases. We have found that the ad-. dition of one or more substances, even in small of the originalbinary blend. The use'of these corrective or tempering materials we do not conhardness, strength, shrinkage, -etc., need improv- 1 1 proportions, modifies profoundly the-properties fine towaxes. either natural orsynthetic, as we 45 havediscovered that certain crystalline chemicals corrective substances exercises a specific action ferring hardness another giving strength. still are well adapted to this purpose, Each'of these another controlling shrinkage, etc. Indeed, some substances act in more than a single way in im-. proving the. hydrometric units. We, therefore,

add to binary blends, if necessary, on'e'or'more compatible corrective materials to improve the composition for making hydrometric units.

Furthermore, many mixtures that are homogeneous when liquefied become heterogeneous on solidifying. This is mainly because the rates at which the various ingredients solidify may be different, with the result that the castings are not uniform and may contain 'voids or cracks. Only I such combinations of heavy, light and'corrective compounds or components can be used for making acceptable hydrometric units as has been found by trial to be free from the above mentioned faults and to possess homogeneity in every propthat the hydrometric units erty. Suflicient corrective components are added to the blend of the heavy and light components, all in such proportions as to make certain that the uniformity of the multiple blend persists during the passage from the liquid to the solid state, and prepared therefrom have identical properties.

As corrective components we also use for special purposes, any gum-like substance of the nature of latex, rubber, chicle,duprene (artificial rubber), chlorinated rubber (tornesit) gutta percha, and any synthetic resinlike Bakelite, etc., provided that they are compatible and impart desirable qualities to the composition.

We now describe the general method of preparing our composition of matter, using synthetic compounds suitable for hydrometric'units, selecting materials for that purpose which are typical and illustrative of the process. However, the examples given are not to be construed as limiting our application in any way, such as in materials and the proportions thereof stated.

The heavy component selected is 50% chlorinated naphthalene, known in the trade as Halowax #1001, the density of which is 1.53 to 1.59, flow point 196 to 205 F.; and the light component is hydrogenated castor oil, commercially available under the trade names Opalwax or Rilan wax, specific gravity or density 0.98 to 1.0,

flow point 171 to 178 F. Equal weights of these two components are melted together; the molten mixture is well stirred to insure perfect homogeneity, and it is then poured into suitable molds- The density of the resulting castings is 1.214 to 1.219 at 70; and their flow. point is 165 to 174 F.

An inspection of this binary blend showed that it,was lacking in cohesive strength and did not possess sufficient shrinkage- To remedy these deficiencies :we added to it 4.3% of meta-'dinitrobenzene and 9.1% of stearyl alcohol, known in the trade as stenol. Castings of this quaternary composition had a density of 1.2050 to 1.2065 at 70; and they showed other desirable characteristics such as rendered them well adapted for the manufacture of the hydrometric units. Blends consisting of. the four materials cited, in the proportions as follows, are suitable: Halowax 43.3%,

Opalwax 43.3%, dinitrobe'nzene 4.3%, and stearyl alcohol 9.1%. .Such blends will havea density of a little over 1.2, the varying densities of the commercial ingredients being responsible for slight fluctuations in the density of the composition.v

The density-correcting substance does not need to be one of the components of the composition. If it is desired to improve certain qualities in a composition, a substance known toproduce the desired improvement can be usedprovided its density is appropriate, a two-fold advantagebeing gained thereby.

Certain pairs of compoundsas, for'example, Halowax and Opalwax, and Halowax and stearyl alcohol, can form hydrometric compositions when drometric units of different densities is large,

yet the restrictions imposed by the conditions of formation and use of the units made therefrom reduce the number very much, for there are comparatively few materials which have the compatability, the relative solubility, the physical structure and properties in the solid state, the density, the melting point, the resistance to the action of physical solvents and chemical agents and the homogeneity demanded in the manufacture and application of such units.

We have found that the hardness of a composition is increased by incorporating therein small proportions of dinitrobenzene, or acetanillde. The shrinkage is affected by the use of carnauba wax, or stearyl alcohol, or similar carbon compounds. The strength is affected by the use of naphthalene, diphenylamine, or the like. The grain or texture is improved by adding montan wax or diphenyl. Fusibility is affected by adding benzamide. In each case these should be added in proportions of less than 10 percent.

Inasmuch as hydrometric units known to the trade as Chaslyn units, balls, tablets or discs are extensively ,used as charge indicators in storage batteries and accumulators, and inasmuch as the range of the densities of the sulphuric acid adopted in storage battery practice is 1.1 to 1.3, we have experimented extensively with mixtures of two synthetic waxes, which we refer to as the heavy and the light component, togethEr-with one or more carbon compounds, which we designate as corrective components, in order to ascertain what properties these substances must have in order to produce acceptable hydrometric'units for batteries. As the result of this research we have learned that any combinations of synthetic waxes of different densities that are compatible and that will fuse together to form a true solution in which are freely soluble such carbon compounds as improve the quality and change the density of the whole mixture, so that castings can be made from it having densities ranging from 1.1 to1.3, are adapted for manufacturing Chaslyn units, provided that the mixture is inert to sulphuric acid of the same range of densities.

Our. composition is also .adaptedlfor'making hydrometric units capable of testing the density of liquids used to lower the freezing point of so-. lutions placed in automobile radiators. By em-. ploying in large measure components which, like hydrogenated castor oil, arejbut slightly soluble in alcohols, glycol, glycerine and other constituents' of gasoline engine radiator liquors, the hydrometric units made'from our compositions are not appreciably affected by any solvent action of the freezing preventatives or anti-freeze mixformula, or components set forth, or to their pro-' 1, including not more than as adding to the blends when in molten condition preferred dyes or other soluble coloring materials, employing blend components having colors of their own, giving the units diii'erent shapes or sizes or casting or stamping them with a symbol such as a letter, word or other appropriate design.

We claim as our invention:

1. A composition of matter comprising io to 80 parts oi hydrogenated castor oil, dissolved in 80 to 20 parts of melted chlorinated naphthalene.

2. A composition of matter as claimed in claim ten parts of stearyl '3. A composition of matter comprising 20 to an parts of hydrogenated castor oil, dissolved in 80 to 20 parts of melted chlorinated naphthalene,

and including one to flve parts v t carnauba wax.

4. A composition of matter asf'claimed in claim 3, including not more than five parts of diphenylamine.

5. A composition of matter as claimed'in claim 80 parts of hydrogenated castor .oil, dissolved in 80 to 20 parts of melted chlorinated naphthalene and including one to five parts of montan wax.

7. A composition of matter as claimed in claim 6, and including one to flve parts of dinitrobenzene. p

8. A composition of matter as claimedin claim 6, and including one to. five parts of benzamide.

CHARLES E. LINEBARGER.

CHARLES E.- IJNEBARGER. JR.