US2130664A - Lubricant - Google Patents
Lubricant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2130664A US2130664A US19027A US1902735A US2130664A US 2130664 A US2130664 A US 2130664A US 19027 A US19027 A US 19027A US 1902735 A US1902735 A US 1902735A US 2130664 A US2130664 A US 2130664A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant
- castor oil
- higher alcohols
- fuel
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/02—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M105/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms monohydroxy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/1802—Organic compounds containing oxygen natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/0215—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/402—Castor oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
- C10M2207/4045—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/251—Alcohol fueled engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
- C10N2040/28—Rotary engines
Definitions
- the proportions of castor oil and higher alcohols may be varied over a range such as from about parts castor oil by volume to 40 parts higher alcohols to 40-60 parts respectively, although I prefer to utilize a lubricant which contains proportions of about 60 parts castor oil and 40 parts higher alcohols.
- the lubricant of this invention is added directly to the fuel in various amounts dependent on the size and type of engine.
- the advantages of the lubricant of this invention may be enjoyed not only with two cycle outboard engines but also in four cycle engines.
- this lubricant possessing, as I have designated it, combustion lubrication characteristics, is highly eflioacious when used for topcylinder lubricant purposes in four cycle engines. Its superior lubrication of thepistons and valves in such motors results in much smoother operation, longer life, and greater power.
- a motor fuel combustion lubricant comprising a mixture of castor oil and the higher alcohols mixture obtainable by the catalytic pressure hydrogenation of oxide of carbon, boiling in the range of about 200-275" C.
- a motor fuel combustion lubricant comprising a mixture in the proportions of about 40-60 parts by volume of castor oil and 60-40 parts of the higher alcohols mixture obtainable by the catalytic pressure hydrogenation of oxide of carbon boiling in the range of about 200-275 C.
- a motor fuel combustion lubricant compris-' 4.
- the method of improving the lubricating quality of hydrocarbon motor fuels which comprises adding thereto a mixture of castor oil and the higher alcohols obtainable by the catalytic pressure hydrogenation of oxide of carbon boiling in the range of about 200-275 'C.
- the method of improving the lubricating quality of hydrocarbon motor fuels which comprises adding thereto a mixture of castor oil and the higheralcohols obtainable by the catalytic pressure hydrogenation of oxide of carbon boiling in the range of about ZOO-275 C., in the proportions of about 40-60 parts by volume of castor oil and 60-40 parts of the said higher alcohols.
- the method of improving the lubricating quality of hydrocarbon motor fuels which comprises adding thereto, in the proportions of about /2 to 2 ounces per gallon of motor fuel, a mixture of castor oil and the higher alcohols mixture obtainable by the catalytic pressure hydrogenation of oxide of carbon boiling in the range of about ZOO-275 C.
- the method of improving the lubricating quality of hydrocarbon motor fuels which comprises adding thereto, in the proportions of about to 2 ounces per gallon of motor fuel, a mixture of castor oil and the higher alcohols mixture obtainable by the catalytic pressure hydrogenation of oxide of carbon boiling in the range of about 200-275" C., the castor oil and higher alcohols 'mixture being in the proportions of about 40-60 parts by volume of castor oil and about 60-40 parts of said higher alcohols.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Patented Sept. 20, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LUBRICANT Julius F. T. Berliner, Wilmington, Del., assignor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours 8; Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application April 30, 1935,
Serial N0. 19,027.
7 Claims. (Cl. 879) admixture with castor oil according to this in- 1 vention, I have found that the fraction thereof of boilingpoint range from about ZOO-275 C., is particularly advantageous.
The proportions of castor oil and higher alcohols may be varied over a range such as from about parts castor oil by volume to 40 parts higher alcohols to 40-60 parts respectively, although I prefer to utilize a lubricant which contains proportions of about 60 parts castor oil and 40 parts higher alcohols.
The lubricant of this invention is added directly to the fuel in various amounts dependent on the size and type of engine.
One of its great advantages resides in the fact that a considerably smaller quantity thereof is necessary for satisfactory lubrication than is the case with the usual mineral oil lubricants.
Thus, for example, in the case of the usual gaso line or benzol fuel, I have found that the superior advantages of the present lubricant are obtained when utilizing from about pt. to 1 pt. thereof per gallon of gasoline orbenzol for various sizes and types of engines or, in other words, just about one-half the amount required with a good grade mineral oil. As a further. advantage, a much longer engine life results when using the lubricant of the present invention, and sustained high speeds do not cause overheating of bearings or scoring of cylinder walls.
In experiments conducted with two 'cycle motors, when utilizing gasoline or alcoholor benzol-containing fuels lubricated with castor oil, I have found that a minimum of about 11% castor oil of the total fuel-lubricant mixture has to be present in the case of a 30 cubic inch piston displacement racing motor to prevent bearing difliculties. I have also found, however, that by adding a quanity of the fraction of higher alcohols, which term is used to describe, generally, the mixture of products obtainable by the pressure catalytic hydrogenation of oxide of carbon, boiling between -300 C., it is possible, to obtain greater power and to reduce the quantity of castor oil utilized without involving any bearing difliculty at all. Thus, for example, I have found that, in the above type and size of engine, by add-' ing higher alcohols, as above described, to a gasoline fuel in amounts from about 4% of the total fuel and up, the castor oil can be reduced to a minimum of about 6%, whereas if less than about 4% higher alcohols are utilized the amount of castor oil must be materially increased.
I have found further that about 5%, of the 11%, castor oil content previously referred to is normally necessary for lubricating the crank shaft bearings and moving parts other than pistons, whereas the remaining 6%, of the 11%, is used to lubricate the piston during combustion. This was determined by turning the engine at top speed in the absence of combustion or back pressure, i. e., with spark plugs removed. Under -these conditions the castor oil could be reduced to 5% of the total fuel composition to lubricate the crank shaft bearings. Furthermore, the addition of higher alcohols to the fuel under such conditions shows no lubricating action on the crank shaft bearings.
It will be apparent, then, that the addition of 4% higher alcohols, or more, in the fuel supplies the lubrication required in the combustion chamber and thus performs the function of the 6% castor oil. No lubricating action from the higher alcohol is apparent until combustion has commenced, however, and hence, although I shall not be limited by the explanation, I believe that on combustion, dehydration occurs, this being the initial stage of combustion, forming a lubricant which lubricates the action of the pistons and finally burns and passes out of the exhaust.
When the lubricant of this invention is added to gasoline orbenzol I obtain a fuel which possesses both mechanical and combustion lubrication characteristics of an efficiency which permits much greater top speeds than when utilizing casusually employed in these motors, there is obtained an increase in the maximum power of about 3%. This power increase may, in turn, be translated directly into a greater number of revolutions per minute of the propeller, or, if desired, to a larger propeller which revolves at about the same number of revolutions per minute, consequently delivering greater power and consequently more speed (about 1.5% increase in speed).
Despite the higher speed of the motor, obtainable according to this invention, one of the great practical advantages thereof resides in the fact that, by use of the present lubricant mixture, a much longer engine life results, due to the superior lubrication I believe, than heretofore obtained, and, furthermore, all these advantages are obtainable, as has been previously set forth, by utilizing quantities of as small an amount as one-half those quantities necessary in the case of the usual mineral oil lubricant.
The advantages of the lubricant of this invention may be enjoyed not only with two cycle outboard engines but also in four cycle engines. Thus; for example, I have found that this lubricant, possessing, as I have designated it, combustion lubrication characteristics, is highly eflioacious when used for topcylinder lubricant purposes in four cycle engines. Its superior lubrication of thepistons and valves in such motors results in much smoother operation, longer life, and greater power. I have found that, although its proportionsqto the fuel may be varied over a wide range, highly desirable results are obtained in the case of four cycle engines if the lubricant is utilized' in amountsof from about /2 ounce to 2 ounces per gallon of fuel.
Various changes may be made in the details and compositions of this invention without departing therefrom or sacrificing any of the advantages thereof.
I claim:
1. A motor fuel combustion lubricant comprisinga mixture of castor oil and the higher alcohols mixture obtainable by the catalytic pressure hydrogenation of oxide of carbon, boiling in the range of about 200-275" C.
2. A motor fuel combustion lubricant comprising a mixture in the proportions of about 40-60 parts by volume of castor oil and 60-40 parts of the higher alcohols mixture obtainable by the catalytic pressure hydrogenation of oxide of carbon boiling in the range of about 200-275 C.
3. A motor fuel combustion lubricant compris-' 4. The method of improving the lubricating quality of hydrocarbon motor fuels which comprises adding thereto a mixture of castor oil and the higher alcohols obtainable by the catalytic pressure hydrogenation of oxide of carbon boiling in the range of about 200-275 'C.
5. The method of improving the lubricating quality of hydrocarbon motor fuels which comprises adding thereto a mixture of castor oil and the higheralcohols obtainable by the catalytic pressure hydrogenation of oxide of carbon boiling in the range of about ZOO-275 C., in the proportions of about 40-60 parts by volume of castor oil and 60-40 parts of the said higher alcohols.
6. The method" of improving the lubricating quality of hydrocarbon motor fuels which comprises adding thereto, in the proportions of about /2 to 2 ounces per gallon of motor fuel, a mixture of castor oil and the higher alcohols mixture obtainable by the catalytic pressure hydrogenation of oxide of carbon boiling in the range of about ZOO-275 C.
7. The method of improving the lubricating quality of hydrocarbon motor fuels which comprises adding thereto, in the proportions of about to 2 ounces per gallon of motor fuel, a mixture of castor oil and the higher alcohols mixture obtainable by the catalytic pressure hydrogenation of oxide of carbon boiling in the range of about 200-275" C., the castor oil and higher alcohols 'mixture being in the proportions of about 40-60 parts by volume of castor oil and about 60-40 parts of said higher alcohols.
Jumps F. r. BERLINER.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US19027A US2130664A (en) | 1932-04-06 | 1935-04-30 | Lubricant |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US603679A US2010005A (en) | 1932-04-06 | 1932-04-06 | Motor fuel |
US19027A US2130664A (en) | 1932-04-06 | 1935-04-30 | Lubricant |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2130664A true US2130664A (en) | 1938-09-20 |
Family
ID=26691752
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US19027A Expired - Lifetime US2130664A (en) | 1932-04-06 | 1935-04-30 | Lubricant |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2130664A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2982724A (en) * | 1956-05-08 | 1961-05-02 | Swift & Co | Hydraulic fluids for pressure treatment of oil bearing formation |
-
1935
- 1935-04-30 US US19027A patent/US2130664A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2982724A (en) * | 1956-05-08 | 1961-05-02 | Swift & Co | Hydraulic fluids for pressure treatment of oil bearing formation |
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