US2128236A - Vacuum discharge tube - Google Patents

Vacuum discharge tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2128236A
US2128236A US45331A US4533135A US2128236A US 2128236 A US2128236 A US 2128236A US 45331 A US45331 A US 45331A US 4533135 A US4533135 A US 4533135A US 2128236 A US2128236 A US 2128236A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
casing
resonator
space
discharge tube
metallic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US45331A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dallenbach Walter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MEAF Machinerieen en Apparaten Fabrieken NV
Original Assignee
MEAF Machinerieen en Apparaten Fabrieken NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/68—Tubes specially designed to act as oscillator with positive grid and retarding field, e.g. for Barkhausen-Kurz oscillators
    • H01J25/70—Tubes specially designed to act as oscillator with positive grid and retarding field, e.g. for Barkhausen-Kurz oscillators with resonator having distributed inductance with capacitance, e.g. Pintsch tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/02—Electron-emitting electrodes; Cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H01J25/54—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having only one cavity or other resonator, e.g. neutrode tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps

Definitions

  • My invention relates to a vacuum discharge tube for exciting ultra-short wave electro-magwnetic oscillations, and particularly to a tube for generating, amplifying or receiving such waves.
  • a hollow space is used as the resonator of the tube, which space is limited all around by walls capable of conducting electricity well.
  • the resonator exhibits but very small ohmic losses, and practically no radiation losses whatsoever.
  • two or more electrodes are required, which either belong to 30 the hollow body proper limiting the hollow space,
  • At least one electrode inner electrode
  • the insulators are advantageously disposed within potential nodes or relatively cool points in the tube in order to obviate losses.
  • the leads to this internal electrode are so arranged, that they extend through the field space of the resonator and the hollow body encasing the resonator, respectively, in the proximity of potential nodes.
  • the electrodes adjoining the hollow space of the resonator and serving for excitation form a plane plate condenser closed at its edges by further wall parts.
  • the plane design of the electrodes makes it possible to maintain accurately the distance and yields an extremely favourable excitation.
  • Figs. 1, 2, and- 3 are cross-sectional views through tubes-illustrating three'diiferent forms of my invention.
  • Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are sectional views on lines IV--IV, V-V, and VI-VI, of Figs. 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
  • Figs. 1 to 6 all illustrate electron tubes, in which the resonator is limited by walls of a rotary symmetrical metallic casing I and by surfaces of a metallic body 2, also rotary symmetrical in form, enclosed by the casing.
  • the hollow space 3, serving as resonator, continues in a radial direction the space 6 limited by the walls 4 and 5. Excitation takes place in the homogeneous field space 6.
  • the resonator space is of disklike shape, in the example of Figs. 2 and 5 toroidal shape.
  • Figs. 1, ,2, 3 and 6 represent the electron tubesin longitudinal section through the axis of rotation.
  • the casing will then be divided up an aerial or a loading resistance with the resonator, if it is observed. that a coupling of the loosest possible nature ofthe load to the resonator is necessary. If the couplin is excessively tight, the resonator will be deprived of too much energy, so that it is strongly damped and its emciency impaired.
  • the loose coupling of the aerial with the resonator can be attained by detuning the high frequency line and aerial and by selecting a small wave resistance of the high frequency line relatively to the resonator. If no use is made of the detuning,the selected' wave resist; ance of the high frequency line must be very small. The high frequency line will then almost form a short-circuit capacity for the resonator.
  • the two spaces 3 and 1 have the same natural frequency, because they are of exactly .the same diameter.
  • a potential loop will also be formed in the proximity of the axis in the tuned space I which serves as shortcircuit condenser. Owing to the inconsiderable wave resistance of space I the potential amphtudes at this potential loop are essentially smaller than at the potential loop in the resonator space 3.
  • an opening 8 is provided in the axis of symmetry and thus in the potential loop, through which an aerial i0, galvanically connected to the enclosed electrode 2, projects.
  • the aerial can be tuned to the resonator, as well as it can be detuned relatively thereto.
  • the potential amplitudes at the point of resonator is
  • the aerial can be optimally coupled with the resonator.
  • this adaptation will render it possible to attain a maximum power delivery.
  • the power amplification ratio and th incoming power ratio can be raised to maximum an analogous manner.
  • the outer face of the wall casing serves as counter poise for the M4 aerial.
  • an edge II has further been provided for detuning, thereby enlarging thecasing wall used as counter poise.
  • the metallic body enclosed by the casing serves as an electrode in the proximity of the axis of symmetry, and is forced to maintain a direct current potential which differs from that of the casing, it is supported by insulating elements I! against thecasing in the proximity of the nodal line of the electric field, that is, in the proximity of the annular slit 8.
  • the metallic body 2, enclosed by the casing is provided in the nodal line of the electric field with the potential lead it which extends, insulated therefrom, through the metallic casing.
  • a glass-to-metal joint ll is provided for the purpose of insulation and a vacuumtight sealing.
  • the plate 4 formed by the wall of the casing, of the plate condenser, is provided with an opening, through which a flow of electrons, serving for excitation, can pass into the field space of the plate condenser.
  • a slit-shaped opening I! is provided there, in which thin grid bars ii are inserted perpendicularly to the direction of the slit.
  • These grid bars regularly consist of a material melting at a high temperature, for example, of tungsten or molybdenum, while the other parts of the condenser plates, as well as the casing, are made from a material of considerable heat conductivity, for example copper or silver.
  • a material melting at a high temperature for example, of tungsten or molybdenum
  • the opening is formed as a simple slit II, as can be seen from the sectional view hot cathode l8, which is heated directly, is provided as electron source.
  • hot cathode l8 which is heated directly, is provided as electron source.
  • band-shaped hot cathodes I 9 are employed. Also indirectly heated oxide cathodes can advantageously be used.
  • is Joined to the cathode casing for so introducing the heating leads 22, that they are vacuum-tight.
  • the tube shown in Figs. 2 and 5 is provided with vacuum-tight leading-in insulators 23 attached immediately to the cathode casing.
  • the excitation of the tubes can be effected in any desired connection.
  • the brake field connection can'be used.
  • the casing I and with it the condenser plate 4 in the form of an open-work electrode will then be given a high positive and the electrode 2, enclosed by the casing, a weak positive to negative potential relatively to the cathode.
  • the electron tube shown in Figs. 3 and 6 is provided with additional control electrodes.
  • these additional control electrodes consists of two parallelbars 24, situated between cathode and grid aperture and are fitted parallel to the electrodes. They obtain their control potential .from the metallic body 2, to which they are galvanically connected by the straps 25.
  • the straps canfinaturally, also be so placed upon the metallic body 2, as to be insulated therefrom andthey can be given a special biasing potential by a lead.
  • the control electrodes 24 are given a control potential, which is cophasal to the alternating current potential of the internal electrode.
  • the metallic walls provided for the purpose of limiting the hollow space resonator, the high frequency line and the cathode space can essentially form the vacuum vessel.
  • the glass sleeve 26 is provided which encloses the aerial and'is joined to the wall of the casing by fusing it thereon.
  • the tubes according to the present invention are particularly adapted for excitation, especially for the generation of intense, electro-magnetic oscillations of the decimeter and centimeter range.
  • a vacuum discharge tube comprising an evacuated casing electrically conductive on its inner surface, a body within said casing, said body being electrically conductive on its outer surface, insulators supporting said body in said casing .and insulating it therefrom, said casing and said body forming a hollow chamber substantially entirely surrounded by metallic surfaces, the said metallic surfaces defining said hollow chamber forming a resonator, a lead to said body extending through said casing and insulated therefrom, the wall parts of said casing and of the enclosed body facing each other to form a flat plate condenser and constituting electrodes, and a cathode adjacent said casing and chamber.
  • a vacuum discharge tube comprising an evacuated casing electrically conductive on its inner surface and of rotary symmetrical form, a
  • a vaccum discharge tube comprising an evacuated metallic casing of rotary symmetrical form, a metallic body of rotary symmetrical form co-axially disposed with respect to said casing, insulators supporting the metallic body within the casing to insulate the same therefrom in the proximity of potential nodes, a lead to said metal- 110 body extending through said casing in the proximity of a potential node and insulated from said casing, the wall parts of the casing and of the metallicbody facing each other to form in the proximity of the axis of symmetry, a plane plate condenser and constituting electrodes, the wall part of the casing constituting an electrode being provided with an opening, and a cathode outside the casing in the proximity of said opening.
  • a vacuum discharge tube comprising an evacuated metallic casing of rotary symmetrical form, a metallic body of rotary symmetrical form co-axially disposed within the casing, insulators supporting said metallic body within'the casing to insulate the same therefrom, a lead to said metallic body extending through the casing and insulated therefrom, said metallic body spaced from one part of the casing wall a large distance and from another part of the casing wall a small distance to divide the casing into two spaces of approximately equal natural frequency at different wave resistances, wall parts of one of said spaces facing each other to form in the proximity of the axis of symmetry a plane plate condenser and constituting electrodes, the space with smaller wave resistance constituting a high frequency line, and a cathode.
  • a vacuum discharge tube comprising an evacuated metal casing of rotary symmetrical form, a metallic body of rotary symmetrical form co-axially disposed in said casing and forming an inner electrode, insulators supporting said metallic body in'said casing, a lead to said metallic body passing through the casing and insulated therefrom, said metallic body being disposed at a larger distance from a portion of the casing wall than from the other portion, said casing thus having two chambers of approximately the same natural frequency but diiferent wave resistances, wall portions of said chamber being directed toward each other in the vicinity of the axis of symmetry to form a plane plate condenser and constituting electrodes, the space having the smaller wave resistance constituting as a high frequency lead, said metallic casing being of radial extension, the inner electrode being diskshaped and having a diameter but slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the casing, said insulators being disposed in the vicinity of the edge of the inner electrode, the lead to the inner electrode being insulated from and passing through the edge of the casing
  • a vacuum discharge tube comprising an evacuated cylindrical .metallic casing of radial extension, a metal disk co-axially disposed within said casing, the diameter of said disk being but slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the casing. insulators and a lead in the proximity of the edge of the disk, said insulators being disposed to hold the disk rigidly within the casing, the distance between the disk and one'face of the casing being larger than the distance between said disk and the other faceto form two disk-shaped hollow spaces, the hollow space of smaller wave resistance constituting a high frequency line, said front wall of the casing limiting the high frequency line'being provided with an opening disposed symmetrically therein. an aerial attached to the axis of the metal disk and projecting through said opening into the outer space,
  • the front wall of the'casing being provided with an opening in the proximity of the axisof syma,1ss,2so-
  • a second metallic casing outside the casing and adjoining said second opening, the hollow space of said second casing being tuned to a higher natural frequency than that of the hollow space of the resonator. and a cathode in the second casing.

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US45331A 1934-10-19 1935-10-16 Vacuum discharge tube Expired - Lifetime US2128236A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2128236X 1934-10-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2128236A true US2128236A (en) 1938-08-30

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US (1) US2128236A (enMihai)
NL (1) NL56878C (enMihai)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2429243A (en) * 1942-06-18 1947-10-21 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc High-frequency tube structure
US2432571A (en) * 1943-02-24 1947-12-16 Rca Corp Electron discharge device employing resonators
US2433634A (en) * 1944-07-29 1947-12-30 Rca Corp Electron discharge device of the cavity resonator type
US2434115A (en) * 1943-11-26 1948-01-06 Gen Electric Electric discharge device and coaxial line cavity resonator therefor
US2454330A (en) * 1944-04-13 1948-11-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Positive grid oscillator
US2462085A (en) * 1942-12-04 1949-02-22 Int Standard Electric Corp Ultra high frequency oscillator
US2463267A (en) * 1941-04-26 1949-03-01 Gen Electric High-frequency apparatus
US2466754A (en) * 1938-06-18 1949-04-12 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Frequency multiplier
US2468152A (en) * 1943-02-09 1949-04-26 Sperry Corp Ultra high frequency apparatus of the cavity resonator type
US2468928A (en) * 1938-07-08 1949-05-03 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Electronic oscillator-detector
US2476971A (en) * 1942-02-19 1949-07-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus of the velocity modulation type
US2482769A (en) * 1944-12-28 1949-09-27 Sperry Corp High-frequency apparatus
US2502530A (en) * 1945-01-13 1950-04-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device for ultra high frequencies
US2511886A (en) * 1938-06-18 1950-06-20 varfan
US2519420A (en) * 1939-03-08 1950-08-22 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Thermionic vacuum tube and circuit
US2557959A (en) * 1945-06-16 1951-06-26 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electron discharge device of the velocity modulation type
US2558021A (en) * 1939-03-08 1951-06-26 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Thermionic vacuum tube and circuit
US2562319A (en) * 1946-02-18 1951-07-31 John J Livingood Electron discharge device of the cavity resonator type with feedback
US2627026A (en) * 1945-04-23 1953-01-27 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd High altitude antenna
DE971141C (de) * 1942-10-01 1958-12-18 Siemens Ag Elektronenroehre zur Erzeugung oder Verstaerkung sehr kurzer elektrischer Wellen

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2511886A (en) * 1938-06-18 1950-06-20 varfan
US2466754A (en) * 1938-06-18 1949-04-12 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Frequency multiplier
US2468928A (en) * 1938-07-08 1949-05-03 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Electronic oscillator-detector
US2558021A (en) * 1939-03-08 1951-06-26 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Thermionic vacuum tube and circuit
US2519420A (en) * 1939-03-08 1950-08-22 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Thermionic vacuum tube and circuit
US2463267A (en) * 1941-04-26 1949-03-01 Gen Electric High-frequency apparatus
US2476971A (en) * 1942-02-19 1949-07-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus of the velocity modulation type
US2429243A (en) * 1942-06-18 1947-10-21 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc High-frequency tube structure
DE971141C (de) * 1942-10-01 1958-12-18 Siemens Ag Elektronenroehre zur Erzeugung oder Verstaerkung sehr kurzer elektrischer Wellen
US2462085A (en) * 1942-12-04 1949-02-22 Int Standard Electric Corp Ultra high frequency oscillator
US2468152A (en) * 1943-02-09 1949-04-26 Sperry Corp Ultra high frequency apparatus of the cavity resonator type
US2432571A (en) * 1943-02-24 1947-12-16 Rca Corp Electron discharge device employing resonators
US2434115A (en) * 1943-11-26 1948-01-06 Gen Electric Electric discharge device and coaxial line cavity resonator therefor
US2454330A (en) * 1944-04-13 1948-11-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Positive grid oscillator
US2433634A (en) * 1944-07-29 1947-12-30 Rca Corp Electron discharge device of the cavity resonator type
US2482769A (en) * 1944-12-28 1949-09-27 Sperry Corp High-frequency apparatus
US2502530A (en) * 1945-01-13 1950-04-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device for ultra high frequencies
US2627026A (en) * 1945-04-23 1953-01-27 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd High altitude antenna
US2557959A (en) * 1945-06-16 1951-06-26 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electron discharge device of the velocity modulation type
US2562319A (en) * 1946-02-18 1951-07-31 John J Livingood Electron discharge device of the cavity resonator type with feedback

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