US2124393A - Refiner - Google Patents

Description

July 19, 1938. R. c. BENNER ET AL 2,124,393

" REFINER I Filed Nov. 14, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. RAYMOND Q'BENNER ALBERT L. BALL.

ATTORNEY.

July 19, 1938. R. c. BENNER ET AL 2,124,393

REFINEF. I

Filed Nov. 14, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet. 2

INVENTOR.

RAYMOND C. BENNER ALBERT L. BALL ATTORNEY.

p 40 Figure 2 is a perspective Patented July 19,1938 I ATEN ors ca REFINER Raymond 0. Banner, Niagara Falls, and Albert L.

Ball, Lewiston, 'N. Y., assignors, by mesneassignments, to The Carborundum Company; Ni-

agara'Falls, N. Y., a

corporation of Delaware Application November 14, 1935, Serial No. 49.104

1 Claim.

This invention relates to the class of machines commonly referred to as-refiners, refining engines, Jordan refiners or'Jordan engines, and has for its purpose the provision of a machine with superior operating characteristics.

Machines of this class mentioned above are used for the refinement of fibrous materials, such as wood pulp and are used to a large extent in salvaging material too coarse to be used 'in the manufacture of paper.

It has been known that a refiner in which the shell was lined with bonded abrasive material and the plug was made of bonded abrasive material would operate more satisfactorily than the previously known refiners, in which metal bars or knives were used in the shell and on the plug. The previous refiners in which bonded abrasives were used were found to have certain disadvantages because both the shell lining and the plug were unyielding; that is, there was no resiliency in the lining or in the plug. As a consequence of this rigidity the linings and plugs have ,worn out quite rapidly and the quality of fibre produced has been inferior.

In accordance with the presentinventiomeither the shell lining, the plugyor both the shell lining and the plug are made resilient. Thus, the gap between the shell lining and the plug, which gap ordinarily is quite small, enlarges slightly when 30 more than the usual amount oi pulp, or pulp of greater consistency, is forced through the machine. The enlarged gap results in less wear on the parts and also permits of better refining, with less cutting up of the'fibrous material.

35 A better understanding of the invention will be had by reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a broken awayview of a part of a shell and its lining;

in accordance with the invention; Figure 3 is a broken away view of a part of a shell and another type of lining; and 45 Figure 4' is a perspective view or a plugin which a modification of the invention is utilized. I 'In Figure 1, the metal .shell I is shown with blocks of bonded abrasive material 2 attached thereto by means of a layer of rubber I, which 5 is tough and resilient. The rubber also extends. between the abrasive blocks and thus furtheradds to the resiliency of the structure.

The method by which the abrasive blocks are attached to the metal shellis the same as the 55 methodwell-known in the art. however, a brief view of a .plug made.

(01. lib-27) description of this method is included here for the purpose of clarity and completeness.

The shell is first sand-blasted in order to re-.

move scale and the like and to produce a clean, bright surface. If not touched by the hands or if not allowed to come in contact in any way with oils or greases or the like, the Sande-blasted surface is ready tor use as is,- but otherwise it should be washed oil with gasoline, naptha or other grease removing material. The bright metal surface is then coated with a cement suitable for promoting the adherence of rubber to metal. A layer of unvulcanized rubber compound approximately one-fourth (V inch thick is then applied to the cement coated surface of the shell and is carefully rolled to squeeze out any air bubbles that may gather.- Apsuitable type of rubber for the purpose is that known in the rub ber art as treadstock.

The surfaces of the abrasive blocks that are to be joined, either one to another or to the metal shell, are, then coated with the rubber cement referred to above. The blocks are then placed on the layer of rubber applied to the shell and asimilar layer of rubber is placed between the adjacent blocks. When the entire shell has been fitted with blocks. in the manner Just described, a suitable mandrel can be inserted to apply pressure to the blocks, whereby they are forced into intimate contact with the layer of rubber, and

then heat can be applied tocure the rubber and bind the'blocks,

The method by which the rubber is vulcane ized is a matter of choice and convenience because it can be done by any of the methods well known in the rubber art.

The assembly of the plug illustrated in Figure 2 is carried out in the s'amegeneral manner as was just described for the shell of Figure 1. In this case the shaft II is given a bright, clean surface by sand-blasting and washing with grease solvent if necessary. Then the abrasive segments ll forming the frusto-conical abrasive member are applied to the shalt with their fiutes II in alignment after .the same has been coated with suitable rubber cement and rubber. Here again a layer of rubber .isapplied between the abrasive members. The layer of rubber l2 shown between the blocks II and between the blocks II and the, shaft} II is oftough resilient nature when cured. Such a material is the tread stock known to the rubber art. I

The modification shown in Figure 3 differs from that shown in Figure l in that relatively small pieces of bonded. abrasive material are used instead of large blocks as in the former figure, and that these smaller pieces are held in place and to the metal shell by a matrix of rubber 2 I instead of by a layer of rubber. The relatively small abrasive pieces can be of regular or irregular shape. The blocks being resilient, do not require the resilient layer of rubber although the same may be used to obtain a higher degree of resiliency than that obtained by the use of a rubber matrix.

In Figure 4 is shown a modified form of plug in which relatively small pieces of bonded abrasive 3| are held in a matrix of rubber 32. As in the modification of shell lining shown in Figure 3, the layer of rubber between the metal shaft l0 and the abrasive member can be dispensed with, although it may be used if it is desired to obtain additional resiliency.

As is already well known in the art, a refiner comprises a shell and a plug rotatably mounted within the said shell, and usually the interior at least of the shell is of frusto-conical shape. The

plug for a frusto-conical shell also is of frustoconical shape and fits very closely into the said shell.

In carrying out the present invention either of the types of shell illustrated may be used with either of the types of plug, also illustrated. If desired, however, a conventional abrasive plug may be combined with either of the types of shell illustrated, or a conventional abrasive shell can. be combined with either of the types of plug illustrated.

A close fit between the shell and plug is obtained by rotating the plug within the shell while fine abrasive granules, such as sand, emery, silicon carbide or fused alumina, and water are forced between the said shell and said plug. This trues up the two surfaces so that they present only a small gap, and at the same time roughs the surfaces so that they produce a greater refinlug action.

As has been stated above, a refiner'built according to the present invention has advantages of considerable merit. The stock recovered from a machine embodying the present invention makes a better sheet of paper because the fibres, although of less thickness, are of greater length and are well frayed. These longer, well frayed fibres mat well and produce a strong, smooth sheet of paper.

The present lnvention also has the advantage of givinglonger life to the abrasive members by reducing the wear upon them. The resiliencyof the abrasive member or members provides a gap that expands as the load increases and hence produces a path of greater area through which the stock may pass. Consequently, the pressure and shock exerted upon the abrasive face is less and the wear is reduced.

Other advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art. and it also will become apparent that other modifications than those illustrated and described can be constructed without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined by the following claim.

We claim:

A pulp refining engine comprising in combination, a metal shell, a lining for said shell consisting of bonded abrasive blocks, a substantially continuous layer of tough, resilient, vulcanized rubber between said blocks and between said blocks and said shell, the said blocks being attached to said shell by the said layer of rubber, and a plug of bonded abrasive material rotatably mounted within said shell.

' RAYMOND C. BENNER.

ALBERT L. BALL.

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