US2123181A - Method of bonding ferrous and nonferrous metals - Google Patents
Method of bonding ferrous and nonferrous metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2123181A US2123181A US56132A US5613235A US2123181A US 2123181 A US2123181 A US 2123181A US 56132 A US56132 A US 56132A US 5613235 A US5613235 A US 5613235A US 2123181 A US2123181 A US 2123181A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ferrous
- bonding
- sleeve
- ferrous metal
- nonferrous metals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000635 Spelter Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/0009—Cylinders, pistons
- B22D19/0027—Cylinders, pistons pistons
Definitions
- This invention relates to methods of bonding ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and more particularly to an improved process whereby a molecular bond and absolute union may be secured 5 between aluminum, or an aluminum alloy, and iron or steel. While the invention is illustrated as applied to securing together a steel reinforcing sleeve and the body of an aluminum alloy piston, many other applications will be readily understood to exist.
- An important object of the invention in addition to that inhering in the provision of such bonding process, resides in the provision of such an improved piston construction the ferrous and non-ferrous parts of which are so united, to form a rigid unit, that they cannot be loosened or separated, by subjection thereof to either physical abuse or Wide changes of temperature.
- the inside surface of the steel sleeve, as H], (or other ferrous surface with which the aluminum or aluminum alloy is to be bonded) may be left in unfinished condition, since the aluminum is poured, while molten, into engagement therewith, and takes the configuration of the ferrous surface.
- the exterior of the sleeve is of course machined or ground to the desired diameter, and its edges may be beveled, as at H, in order that they may project beneath a portion of the aluminum alloy piston body (l2), after the parts are cast together, to provide a. mechanical lock in the form of a dovetail joint.
- the sleeve is heated to approximately 850 degrees F., and then dipped in a bath of molten zinc, preferably of the variety sold commercially as Western Spelter, such bath being held at approximately 830 degrees F.
- the sleeve may or may not thereafter be allowed to cool, as desired, but in either event it is Preferably predegrees R, such preheating being. effected in a non-oxidizing oven to prevent oxidation of the zinc.
- a permanent mold (unshown) is employed, the
- a suitable alloy for pistons, and one which bonds exceedingly well comprises Parts so bonded, and of physical proportions suitable for use, for example, in automobile engines, bond perfectly and cool sufficiently in from one to one and one- -half minutes, although the cooling time must of course be somewhat increased if the work be more massive.
- the nonferrous metal should be poured without allowing the sleeve to remain heated in normal or oxygencontaining atmosphere for a longer period than is necessary, in order that undue oxidation of the coated sleeve may be prevented.
- the Western Spelter employed contains as impurities approximately Pb 1.60 Fe .08 Cd A trace Although it has not been determined that the last element is necessary, equivalent results cannot be secured with pure zinc.
- the process of bonding a ferrous metal with a non-ferrousmetal comprising at least partly aluminum which comprises heating the ferrous metal'to approximately 850 degrees F., dipping the ferrous metal in a molten bath comprising principally zinc but including small quantities of iron and lead, to coat the ferrous metal therewith, the bath being at a temperature of approximately 860degrees F. while limiting access of oxygen thereto, and quickly thereafter pouring the non-ferrous metal into engagement with the coated surface of the ferrous metal.
- the process of bonding ferrous metal with a non-ferrous metal comprising at least partly aluminum which comprises heating the ferrous metal to approximately 850 degrees 1",, coating the ferrous metal with a metal comprising principally zinc but including .a small quantity of lead, heating the coated ferrous metal to a temperature of approximately 830 degrees F. while limiting access of oxygen to the coated surface, and quickly thereafter pouring the non-ferrous metal in molten condition into engagement with the ferrous metal.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Description
H. E. DEPUTY Original Filed Dec. 26, 1955 INVEIiT/TOR v f 7 flan" RNEYS.
Jforac 8 BY QL July 12, 1938.
METHOD OF BONDING FERROUS AND NONFERROUS METALS Patented? July 12, 1938 PATENT OFFICE.
METHOD OF BONDING FERROUS AND NON- FERROUS METALS Horace E. Deputy, Rochester, Minn.
Application December 26, 1935, Serial No. 56,132 Renewed September "I, 1937 3 Claims.
This invention relates to methods of bonding ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and more particularly to an improved process whereby a molecular bond and absolute union may be secured 5 between aluminum, or an aluminum alloy, and iron or steel. While the invention is illustrated as applied to securing together a steel reinforcing sleeve and the body of an aluminum alloy piston, many other applications will be readily understood to exist. An important object of the invention, in addition to that inhering in the provision of such bonding process, resides in the provision of such an improved piston construction the ferrous and non-ferrous parts of which are so united, to form a rigid unit, that they cannot be loosened or separated, by subjection thereof to either physical abuse or Wide changes of temperature.
Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description wherein reference is made to the accompanying drawing illustrating a preferred embodiment of my invention and wherein similar reference numerals designate similar parts throughout the several 25 views.
In the drawing The single figure represents in diametric cross section a trunk-type piston incorporating the principles of the invention.
Referring now to the drawing, and to the process in greater detail; the inside surface of the steel sleeve, as H], (or other ferrous surface with which the aluminum or aluminum alloy is to be bonded) may be left in unfinished condition, since the aluminum is poured, while molten, into engagement therewith, and takes the configuration of the ferrous surface. The exterior of the sleeve is of course machined or ground to the desired diameter, and its edges may be beveled, as at H, in order that they may project beneath a portion of the aluminum alloy piston body (l2), after the parts are cast together, to provide a. mechanical lock in the form of a dovetail joint. The sleeve is heated to approximately 850 degrees F., and then dipped in a bath of molten zinc, preferably of the variety sold commercially as Western Spelter, such bath being held at approximately 830 degrees F. The sleeve may or may not thereafter be allowed to cool, as desired, but in either event it is Preferably predegrees R, such preheating being. effected in a non-oxidizing oven to prevent oxidation of the zinc.
A permanent mold (unshown) is employed, the
heated before insertion in the mold, to about 860 mold being preheated to approximately the same temperature as the iron or steel sleeve (860 degrees F.) and the molten aluminum alloy p ured. thereinto at a temperature of from 1280 to 1360 degrees F., depending upon its composition, after the sleeve is positioned in the mold.
A suitable alloy for pistons, and one which bonds exceedingly well, comprises Parts so bonded, and of physical proportions suitable for use, for example, in automobile engines, bond perfectly and cool sufficiently in from one to one and one- -half minutes, although the cooling time must of course be somewhat increased if the work be more massive. The nonferrous metal should be poured without allowing the sleeve to remain heated in normal or oxygencontaining atmosphere for a longer period than is necessary, in order that undue oxidation of the coated sleeve may be prevented.
I have found it to be important to employ a' non-oxidizing or reducing oven in preheating the zinc-coated steel or iron, and such preheating is an important operation if reliable and uniform bonding is to be secured.
The Western Spelter employed contains as impurities approximately Pb 1.60 Fe .08 Cd A trace Although it has not been determined that the last element is necessary, equivalent results cannot be secured with pure zinc.
What I claim is:
1. The process of bonding a ferrous metal with a non-ferrousmetal comprising at least partly aluminum, which comprises heating the ferrous metal'to approximately 850 degrees F., dipping the ferrous metal in a molten bath comprising principally zinc but including small quantities of iron and lead, to coat the ferrous metal therewith, the bath being at a temperature of approximately 860degrees F. while limiting access of oxygen thereto, and quickly thereafter pouring the non-ferrous metal into engagement with the coated surface of the ferrous metal.
2. The process of bonding ferrous metal with a non-ferrous metal comprising at least partly aluminum, which comprises heating the ferrous metal to approximately 850 degrees 1",, coating the ferrous metal with a metal comprising principally zinc but including .a small quantity of lead, heating the coated ferrous metal to a temperature of approximately 830 degrees F. while limiting access of oxygen to the coated surface, and quickly thereafter pouring the non-ferrous metal in molten condition into engagement with the ferrous metal.
8. The process 'of forming a'composite piston same temperature, and pouring the non-ferrous metal into the mold and sleeve to cast and bond such metal to the sleeve.
HORACE n. DEPUTY,
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US56132A US2123181A (en) | 1935-12-26 | 1935-12-26 | Method of bonding ferrous and nonferrous metals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US56132A US2123181A (en) | 1935-12-26 | 1935-12-26 | Method of bonding ferrous and nonferrous metals |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2123181A true US2123181A (en) | 1938-07-12 |
Family
ID=22002371
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US56132A Expired - Lifetime US2123181A (en) | 1935-12-26 | 1935-12-26 | Method of bonding ferrous and nonferrous metals |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2123181A (en) |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE744845C (en) * | 1942-09-03 | 1944-01-27 | Mahle Kg | Process for the production of light metal pistons |
| US2544670A (en) * | 1947-08-12 | 1951-03-13 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of forming composite aluminum-steel parts by casting aluminum onto steel andbonding thereto |
| US2544671A (en) * | 1948-02-12 | 1951-03-13 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of forming composite products consisting of ferrous metal and aluminum or aluminum-base alloy |
| US2550879A (en) * | 1949-11-10 | 1951-05-01 | Fairchild Engine & Airplane | Bimetallic piston |
| DE860303C (en) * | 1941-10-24 | 1952-12-18 | Fairchild Engine And Airplane | Process for coating metals |
| US2634469A (en) * | 1947-06-19 | 1953-04-14 | Gen Motors Corp | Bonding aluminum or aluminum base alloy to ferrous metal by means of an alloy bond |
| US2672666A (en) * | 1949-02-08 | 1954-03-23 | Snecma | Process for manufacturing aircooled finned engine cylinders |
| US2736924A (en) * | 1953-10-01 | 1956-03-06 | Morris Bean & Company | Bladed tire molds and method |
| US2752667A (en) * | 1947-08-20 | 1956-07-03 | Clevite Corp | Bearings |
| US2806751A (en) * | 1954-12-03 | 1957-09-17 | Bell & Gossett Co | Piston |
| US2840195A (en) * | 1953-06-03 | 1958-06-24 | Gen Motors Corp | Brake drum |
| US2839826A (en) * | 1952-12-22 | 1958-06-24 | Borg Warner | Method of making hydrodynamic couplings |
| DE974552C (en) * | 1952-06-07 | 1961-02-02 | Aluminium Giesserei Villingen | Process for the pretreatment of inserts made of iron or steel for the casting of workpieces made of aluminum or aluminum alloy |
| US3480465A (en) * | 1966-03-30 | 1969-11-25 | Shichiro Ohshima | Method of chemically bonding aluminum or aluminum alloys to ferrous alloys |
| US4545288A (en) * | 1982-05-25 | 1985-10-08 | Rodyne Limited | Quarter turn actuators |
| US4997024A (en) * | 1988-07-30 | 1991-03-05 | T&N Technology Limited | Method of making a piston |
-
1935
- 1935-12-26 US US56132A patent/US2123181A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE860303C (en) * | 1941-10-24 | 1952-12-18 | Fairchild Engine And Airplane | Process for coating metals |
| DE744845C (en) * | 1942-09-03 | 1944-01-27 | Mahle Kg | Process for the production of light metal pistons |
| US2634469A (en) * | 1947-06-19 | 1953-04-14 | Gen Motors Corp | Bonding aluminum or aluminum base alloy to ferrous metal by means of an alloy bond |
| US2544670A (en) * | 1947-08-12 | 1951-03-13 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of forming composite aluminum-steel parts by casting aluminum onto steel andbonding thereto |
| US2752667A (en) * | 1947-08-20 | 1956-07-03 | Clevite Corp | Bearings |
| US2544671A (en) * | 1948-02-12 | 1951-03-13 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of forming composite products consisting of ferrous metal and aluminum or aluminum-base alloy |
| US2672666A (en) * | 1949-02-08 | 1954-03-23 | Snecma | Process for manufacturing aircooled finned engine cylinders |
| US2550879A (en) * | 1949-11-10 | 1951-05-01 | Fairchild Engine & Airplane | Bimetallic piston |
| DE974552C (en) * | 1952-06-07 | 1961-02-02 | Aluminium Giesserei Villingen | Process for the pretreatment of inserts made of iron or steel for the casting of workpieces made of aluminum or aluminum alloy |
| US2839826A (en) * | 1952-12-22 | 1958-06-24 | Borg Warner | Method of making hydrodynamic couplings |
| US2840195A (en) * | 1953-06-03 | 1958-06-24 | Gen Motors Corp | Brake drum |
| US2736924A (en) * | 1953-10-01 | 1956-03-06 | Morris Bean & Company | Bladed tire molds and method |
| US2806751A (en) * | 1954-12-03 | 1957-09-17 | Bell & Gossett Co | Piston |
| US3480465A (en) * | 1966-03-30 | 1969-11-25 | Shichiro Ohshima | Method of chemically bonding aluminum or aluminum alloys to ferrous alloys |
| US4545288A (en) * | 1982-05-25 | 1985-10-08 | Rodyne Limited | Quarter turn actuators |
| US4997024A (en) * | 1988-07-30 | 1991-03-05 | T&N Technology Limited | Method of making a piston |
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