US2122751A - Jar - Google Patents

Description

2 Sheets-Sheet 1 July 5, 1938. J. T. PHlPPs' JAR.

Filed Nov. 2, 1955 n.f. 35 w,

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J. T. PHIPPS JAR July '5, 1938.v 2,122,751

Filed Nov. 2.- 1935 2 sheets-sheet 2 ""'1 -ATTORNEY v Patented July 5, 1938 PATENT ol-FicE JAR f John T. Phipps, Huntington Bark, omi., nssignor to Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Company, a corporation of Delaware Application November 2, 1935, Serial No. 47,991

14 Claims.

Thisinvention relates/to jars of the type which. may be utilized for Well practices, for the purpose of dislodging any element or device within a well 6 which has become frozen or otherwise immovable.

The present jar may be incorporated within a drill string and when so incorporated may act in cnnjuncuon with. a ba, or the like, and thus bcome what is known as a drilling jar, or the said jar may not be so incorporated with a bit but secured to the drilling string and the usual jar bars when it becomes necessary to use the jar.

At the present time, there are many types and forms of jars on the market and in use, but in general said jars are divided into two classes, to-wit: cable tool and rotary. The rotary jar is distinguished from the cable tool in that it is provided with a circulation bore or opening whereby the drilling mud may be passed therethrough to the zone of lthe iish. 'Ihese rotary jars, so-called, generally divide themselves into several classes, to-wit: a form in which the jar must be rotated a given' amount to allow impacting surfaces to contact after a stretch is taken in the drill pipe; the straight rigid type of jar which impacts during rotation thereof without stretch in the pipe; and lastly, the straight pull type jar which releases and allows impacting surfaces to contact when a predetermined stretch is taken in the drill pipe. All of the `different classes of rotary jars, as just classified, are s bject to certain disadvantages, inthat the rigid ty `does not permit sufiicient jarring action, the rotary release type after a stretch in the drill pipe imposes undue torsion Iin the drill pipe, with possible uncoupling or breaking of the coupling threads, while the straight pull type is subjected to rapid wear, particularly in the clutch elements thereof.

With my invention, the difficulties inherent, as above stated, are effectively overcome, and the present invention has for an object the provision of a jar which may be rapidly actuated to produce a strong jarring action sufficient to free the sh.

Another object is the provision of a jar having few working parts, the parts of whichare not (c1. g55-zi) posed to utilize a spring for actuating the striking abutments. Through the medium of a simple control, after a given stretch is taken in the drill pipe to compress the said spring, one of the abutments is released to cause a striking thereof 5 against Athe other abutment. Upon again lowering the drill pipe slightly, the abutments are separated and the device ready for a second blow.

A further object of the invention isgthe provision of a Jar which may be utilized within cas'- 10 ing of small diameter. Heretofore, it has been impossible to utilize so-called standard type rotary Jars within small diameter casing, but a jar of the character of this invention may be placed within casing having an internal diameter of an 15 in'ch 'and a half, and still perform the function required of it in an efllcient manner.

With the above set forth objects in view, the invention consists in the novel and useful provision, formation, construction, association, and 20 relative arrangement of parts, members and features, all as shown in certain embodiments in the accompanying drawings, described generally, and more particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is'a fragmentary view of casing in longitudinal section, within which casing is the irnproved jar of this invention shown coupled between lengths of drill pipe,

Figure 2 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional 30 view ofthe improved jar, the parts being in one position, the striking abutments being separated,

Figure 3 is a fragmentary partially sectional elevation of the jar, the parts being shown in the position assumed prior to release of a strik- `35 ing abutment to produce a jarring action,

Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the jar, the striking abutments being in contact, and showing the position of the jar parts upon release of the members from the position shown in Fig- 40 ure 3,

Figure 5 is a fragmentary elevation of the jar, certain parts being shown in section, showing the position of certain of the members after a blowv has been struck by the striking abutments, 45'

Figure 6 is a fragmentary elevation of the jar, certain parts' being in section showing the position of certain elements of the invention, the striking abutments being separated and the locking mechanism in a changed position from that 50 lshown in Figure 5,

Figure 'l is a sectional view on the line 1--1 of V Figure 2,

Figure 8 is a sectional view on the line 8-8 of Figure 2, and 55 tional views on an enlarged scale from the showing of the other figures, and illustrating different positions for the locking members of the jar.

Referring to the drawings, the improved jar is designated as an entirety by the numeral I, and the same may be secured to a drill string 2, which term is used in its generic sense as including either drill pipe or cable`to thereby adapt the invention either for rotary drilling or cable tool operation. The said jar I in turn is secured to a further length of pipe 3 which, in turn, may be secured to a fish or a bit, as the case may be, and depending on whether or not the device is used as a drill jar or adapted to be inserted in the well hole in the event that the bit should become ordinary and well understood manner.

The present jar as shown is adapted ior usev with a drilling string of the type wherein the drill pipe is adapted to have mud or other fluid forced through the same and through the jar and outwardly at the zone of the fish.

The present jar operates on the principle of taking tension on certain elements of the jar and when a predetermined tension has been taken upon an element or elements of the jar, abutments are adapted to co-engage for the purpose of producing a jarring action upon the sh to loosen the same.

It is also believed that the jar is novel in the method of holding the various elements of the jar in a dened position until the striking abutments are released for striking engagement` Referring to Figure 2, the said jar includes a pin 4 secured to one end of a tubular mandrel 5. This tubular mandrel has a portion thereof received within a member 6, the said member having a threaded box portion 1 at one end, a tubular side wall 8, and an internally threaded end 9. The mandrel is adapted to have a portion thereof received within the confines of the member 6. Surrounding the mandrel and within the member 6 is a coiled helical spring I0, one end of the said mandrel having threaded thereto a collar II provided with a ring gasket I2 adapted to engage the inner surface of the member 6. One end of the spring engages the member II for limiting movement of the spring in one direction and the opposite endA of said spring engages a sleeve I3 threaded to the threads 9. The sleeve I3 is provided with one or more spaced longitudinal slots or ways I4, and the said mandrel is provided with'integrally formed longitudinal keys I5 in part received within said slots or ways I4. Surrounding the sleeve is a collar I6. This collar is made up of hingedly connected sectors I1. Intermediate the hinge portions ar'e inwardly extending keys I8, which keys are received within the ways I4 of the sleeve. The collar is held in position of assemblage to the said sleeve by means of one or more bolts I9 passed through the collar and into the sleeve at the zones of the keys, as illustrated at 20 in Figure 8. It is, therefore, evident that the collar and mandrel may move in one direction relative to the sleeve I3, it being observed that the way or ways I4 of said sleeve are of extended length, and furthermore, that independent rotation between the sleeve and mandrel is prevented bly the construction just described. In part surrounding the sleeve I3 is a hammer sleeve 2! so termed because the abutment'surface 22 is adapted to strike an anvil member 23 formed on one end oi the sleeve I3. The hammer sleeve is thickened, at 2li, and `internally enlarged as to diameter at 25. This sleeve is screw-threaded to a tubular member 26 surrounding the mandrel 5. Adapted to surround the sleeve .I3 and interposed between the collar I6 and the end 21 of the hammer sleeve is a coiled helical spring 28.

One end of the spring 28 is welded or otherwise secured to the end 21 of the hammer sleeve, as shown at 3l, and the opposite end of said spring is welded or otherwise secured at 32 to the collar I3.

Releasable locking means for releasing the hammer to strike the anvil is 4designated generally as 33 and operates in conjunction with the hammer sleeve 2I, the anvil sleeve I3, and the mandrel 5. Reference is directed to Figure 7 wherein it is shown that the anvil sleeve is provided with spaced-apart longitudinally stepped slots 34 and 36. As stated, there may be a plurality of` said locking means, and as all of the said means are similar in construction, one thereof will be described. A detent carrier 36 is 'secured in the stepped slot 35 in any suitable manner, such as by screws shown at 31 and 38 (see Figures 9 to l2, inclusive). The` periphery of this detent carrier is curved to conform to the curvature of the sleeve I3. 'I'his detent carrier is provided with a transverse bore or recess 39 and within said recess is a ball detent 40. Received in part within the stepped slot 34 is a keeper plate 4 I. 'I'his keeper plate 4I is provided with vtwo curved face portions adapted to conform to the curvature of both the mandrel and the detent carrier. In this respect, attention is invited to Figure 4 which shows that themandrel is likewise reduced in diameter for a portion of its longitudinal length at`42, and that the keeper plate is received within the annular space included between the reduced diameter portion 42 and the hammer sleeve, this annular space being designated as 43. Also, the keeper plate has limited longitudinal movement within the stepped slot 34, this slot being of .greater length than the length of the said keeper plate as shown in Figures 9 to 12. Within the hammer sleeve is one or more semi--circular sockets or recesses 44. Each keeper plate is provided with two concavities or sockets or recesses 45 and 46, the concavity 46 being of greater depth than that of 45, and the sockets 44 and 46 are substantially of the same depth.

The hammer sleeve is provided with an annular series of transverse bores 41 at zones 48 and 49. These bores provide-a ready means for maintaining the space included between th'e hammer sleeve and the periphery of the mandrel free from debris or other material which might interfere with the operation of the hammer when the hammer fsleeve is moved in one direction, and likewise for clearing any material in thespace included between the hammer sleeve and the anvil sleeve, when the hammer is moved in a second direction.

The operation, uses and advantages of the invention `iust disclosed are as follows:

Assume the parts of the jar in the position shown in Figure 2, which position corresponds to the positionshown likewise in Figure l. Each ball detent 40 is interposed between the socket 45 of the keeper plate and socket 44 of the hammer sleeve. As the socket 45 is shallow compared to the socket 44, the detent will be urged into socket 44, it being observed' that the detent has a diameter greater than the transverse width of the detent carrier so that the ball extends outwardly beyond both sides of said detent carrier in the position shown in Figure 2. The diameter of the detent is such that whenI itis fully received within the socket 44, its periphery will be substantially ush with the inner face of the detent carrier (see Figure 10), and when the hammer sleeve and vdetent carrier is in a second position, the detent will be received withinthe socket 46 with its surface ush with the outer surface of the detent carrier, as shown in Figuren. Hence, it may be said that the recessor bore of the detent carrier, when in alignment with either the socket 44 or 46,\has a combined depth equal to the diameter of the ball detent.

Again referring to Figure '2, the detents are urged within the sockets 44 and likewise received in part within the sockets 45. However, as these sockets 45 are shallow, the detent is prevented from escaping from the sockets 44 (see Figures 7 and 9). In this position, the hammer is spaced from the anvil. It is also. intended that the spring 28 should be under slight tension when the jar parts are in -the position shown. If now it is assumed that the jar is secured'to a fish and likewise to a drilling string, tension may be taken on the drilling string 2. As the sh or a mem-r ber 3 secured to the fish is connected to the member 6, the member 6 together with the anvil sleeve I3 does not move. However, the" mandrel will be moved upwardly 4by the drill string 2, which will compress the springs IIJ,` and 28. The detent will remain in the position shown in Figure 2 as the mandrel moves upwardly, for the reason-that the keeper plate is inpart confined within the annular space 43. After the mandrel has moved upwardly a given distance, the lower shoulder 50 included between the portion of reduced diameter 42 and the main diameter of the mandrel, will strike the lower ende of the keeper plate. When this occurs, further upward move-v ment of the mandrel will cause theA keeper plate to force the ball or balls 48 fullyl int the socket ory sockets 44, of the hammer sleeve. This is true/ for the reason that the axis of the detent in the 'position shown both in Figures 2 and 9 is subof the mandrel, the parts will assume the position shown in: Figure 10; in which position it will be observed that the anvil sleeve and the hammer sleeve are still locked against relative movement. As upward movement of the mandrel continues.

.a position will be reached when the detent will lie between the x sockets 44 and 46, and whe'n this yposition is reached, the detent is readily movable by action of the edge of the hammer sleeve bounding the 'socket44 to move the said detent into the socket 46, due to the fact that the detent has its axis agairi substantially central of the detent carrier andthe edge of the hammer sleeve bounding the socket 44 is eccentric to4 said detent center. When this position is reached, the hammer sleeve is suddenly released and the hammer will strike the anvil, as shown by Figure 4. It is thus seen that advantage is taken of the compression in the springs and particularly the spring 28, with the result that a blow of Iconsiderable magnitude may be delivered to the fish. When it is desired to re-set the jar for a further blow, the spring 28 by always being maintained-under slight tension, and likewise by being carrier.

position, the hammer is slightly spaced from the anvil. As the drill pipe is lowered, the parts will remain substantially in the position Shown in Figure 5, withthe exception that the mandrel will travel downwardly relative to the anvil sleeve until such time as the shoulder 5| strikes the upper edge of the keeper plate 4I. During this movement, the member 26 and its associated hammer sleeve has likewise tended to move downwardly both under influence of the spring 28 which -is in slight tension, as well as by gravity. When the keeper plate strikes the shoulder 5I, the detent is substantially opposite the socket 44 of the Ahammer sleeve (see Figure 11) and further downward movement of the mandrel will cause the detent to move from the position shown in Figure 11 to that of lFigure 10, and thence to the position shown in Figure 12. This movement is for the reason that the spring 28 is secured'to both said hammer sleeve and the collar I6 and which collar, in turn, is secured through the medium of bolts I9"to the mandrel. As before stated, in addition to the spring action for moving the hammer-sleeve, the hammer sleeve will tend to drop under influence of1gravity.. Thereafter will follow the movement of the'ball 48 in the various sockets to re-set the jar in the position shown in Figure2T It is important to note that when it is desired to operate the jar to perform a jarring operation,.the mandrel will be moved upwardly by the drill string to compress both the springs I8 and 28. During thisr upward movement, ythe spring 28 normally urges the hammer sleeve upwardly but upward movement of the hammer sleeve is prevented by the balls 48, being in the position shown in Figure 2. However, when the shoulder 50 strikes the lowermost end of the keeper plate to move the same as the mandrel continues its upward movement, the ball will stay within the socket 44 until it is adjacent or substantially adjacent the socket 46 of the detent As the hammer sleeve is being constantly urged upwardly by the spring 28, the edge bounding the socket 44 of the hammer sleeve being eccentric to the center of the ball, the ball will be immediately moved into the socket 46 of the keeper plate, and when this occurs, the hammer will move to strike the anvil.

The ilrst'step in the operation of the. device is, therefore, to have the parts in the position substantially as shown in Figure 2 and then to take a stretch in the drill pipe. This stretch will place the fish in tensionfit being observed that this tension is communicated to the fish from the mandrel through the spring I8 to the member 6. Therefore, so far as the locking means is concerned, said locking means need only control the compression of the spring 28 to hold the same until a ydesired compression has been reached. Having determined the blow to be de-l livered to a fish through the weight indicator, a spring 28 of suitable size is selected for the jar. When stretch is taken in the drill pipe, the ilsh is placed under tension substantially 'equal to the blow to be delivered and upon release of the hammer, a sudden blow results against the anvil anvil so that there is apparently noA shock; delivered at the derrick floor through the drill pipe.

Jars of very4 small size may be utilized in practicing -the present invention. So far as 1 the invente-r is aware, straight pull jars of small size are unsatisfactory but the present jar works emi ciently at all times regardless of size.

'Ihe present jar is thought to be novel in numerous particulars, among which may be mentioned that after taking a stretch upen the drill pipe," which places the fish under tension, a blow is delivered by the jar without relieving the tension in the "fish er drill pipe. Most straight pull jars operate upon a clutching principle and the resilience of the drill pipe causes one member io move rapidly upwardly to strike a blow and cause a jar, whereas the present jar of this invention does not ,operate upon the principle of actuating the.,jar butby mere stretch of the drill pipe alone. Furthermore, clutch type jars wear rapidly and require frequent replacementof parts. in the present invention, the locking means for locking the jar open or closedis not subjected to undue stress at any time, and is ofv suchy a character as to be freely movable and not liable to damage. It is possible to strike a blow and re-set the jar at a high rate of speed. In a test, it was found that blows might be delivered at the rate of 15 per minutel quite easily.

1. A jar having in combination a mandrel, an

anvil member to be secured to a fish, a hammer,

a jar spring between the hammerand the mandrel; said mandrel adapted to be secured to a drill -pipe adapted tohave a. tension taken in the same for the purpose of placing the flsh" under compression is taken in said .spring whereby upon release of thevlock the hammer strikes the anvil vtension and for. compressing the spring, and a mandrel 'operated lock adapted to maintain the said hammer and anvil separated until a given to deliver a blow to the fish, the drill stringvand "flsh beingv maintained in continuous tensicn.

2. A straight pull jar adapted to be interposed between drill pipe 'and a fish and which jar is to be released when a given tension is taken on the said drill pipe, said jar-including a. hammer, an anvil connected directly to the sh, a lock for maintaining said phammer and anvil separated, a coil jar spring normally urging said hammer to strike the anvil, andmandrel operated means for releasing said lock when the spring has been compressed tc a given degree and a selected tension taken upon the drill pipe to thereafter deliver .a blow directly tothe fish, the iish at all times being maintained in centinuous tension, said lock releasing means being operated invresponse to relative lengitudinal movement between'the drill pipe and the vsh 3. A jar adapted to be interposed between drill pipe anda fish, said jar including a hammer, an anvil connected directly to the fish' and a leck for maintaining said hammer and'anvii separated, said fish being adapted to 'be placed in tension when the drill pipe is stretched, means for releasing the Asaid lock,` and separate means for urging the hammer into anvil engagement to communicate a sedden blow directly to the fish while the fish is maintained in continuous tension by the stretch of the drill pipe, said loek releasing means being operated in response to relative longitudinal movement between the drill pipe and the flsh.

4. A jar having in combination a mandrel, an anvil sleeve surrounding said mandrel and a hammer sleevesurrounding the anvil sleeve; a shiftable lock between the mandrel, hammer sleeve and anvil sleeve, said shiftable lock being centrolled by movement of the said mandrel lto leek the anvil of the anvil sleeve and hammer of the hammer sleeve in separated relationship and to release said lock to permit movement cf the hammer when the mandrel is removed in one direction.

5. A' jar having in lcombination a tubular mandrel, an anvil and its sleeve concentric upon said mandrel, a hammer and its sleeve concentric upon said anvil sleeve, a lock for releasably maintaining` said hammer and anvil separated,`said lock including a ball detent, a carrier secured to theanvil sleeve and formed with an opening for r 6. A jar having in combination a tubular mandrel, an anvil and its sleeve concentric upon said mandrel, a hammer and its sleeve concentric upon Isaid anvil sleeve, a lock for releasably maintaining said hammer and anvil separated, said lock including a ball detent, a carrier secured to the anvil sleeve and formed with an opening for receiving said ball detent, a keeper plate fermed with twol spaced-apart concavities of diiierent depth interposed between the mandrel and said carrier, said hammer formed with a concavity, the relationship being sue-h that when the ball detent lies between the concavity of the' hammer and the concavity cf least depth of the keeper, the hammer locked in spaced relationship from the anvil, said mandrel formed to move said keeper plate to cause.substantial registration between the concavity of greatest depth in said keeper plate and theconcavity of said hammer to therel by shift the balldetent into the concavity of the keeper plate and release the said hammer for anvil engagement. A

7. A jar for use in rotary drilling comprising three members in telescopic` concentric assemblage for relative longitudinal movement, striking abutments formed cn the outermost two of.

.said members, a lock interposed between vsaid three members and arranged te maintain said striking abutments separated and releasable when the innermostof .said members is moved to a given position relative to the other two of-said members; a coil spring between the innermost and outermost ef said members, said coil spring moving said outermost member to cause a blow to be delivered between said abutments after a' longitudinal strain has been taken upon said innermost member.

8., A jar for use in rotary driliing comprising a mandrel having means for connecting the same to a-drill string, a vsleeve telescopic upon said mandrel and having means for securing the same to a fish, said sleeve provi-ded with an anvil, a sleeve telescopic upon the rst sleeve and pre= alzarsi vided with a hammer, means maintaining the anvil and hammer separated but releasable by the exertion of4 a predetermined longitudinal strain between the mandrel and said rst sleeve.

9. A jar for use in rotary drilling comprising a mandrel having means for connecting the same to a drill string, a sleeve telescopic upon said mandrel and having means for securing the same to a sh, said sleeve provided with an anvil, a sleeve telescopic upon the rst sleeve and provided with a hammer, means maintaining the anvil and hammer separated but releasable by tne exertion of a predetermined longitudinal strain between the mandrel and said rst sleeve, and a spring surrounding said first sleeve and secured to said mandrel and said hammer, to drive vsaid hammer into engagement with said anvil after said iirst means has been released.

10. A jar comprising a mandrel provided at one end with a iitting for securing the same to a drill string, a sleeve provided with an anvil head telescopic upon said mandrel, a sleeve secured to the first sleeve and provided -with a fitting for attachment to a iish, a coil spring within the second sleeve and surrounding the said mandrel and normally urging the mandrel in one direction, a sleeve provided with an annular hammer in part surrounding the rst sleeve, a collar carried by the mandrel, a coil spring surrounding the said sleeve and interposed between the said collar and said hammer, said mandrel adapted to have a. longitudinal strain imposed thereon to compress the said springs, and a shiftable lock securing said hammer against movement until a predetermined longitudinal strain has beentaken upon said mandrel and one of said springs.

11. A device as set forth in claim 10, one of said springs being the spring interposed between the said hammer Iand said collar to urge said .hammer into anvil engagement upon release of said shiftable lock.

12. A straight pull rotary jar having three essential parts consisting of a section adapted to be connected to a drill ppe,'a section adapted to be connected to a shing tool and longitudinally movable with respect to the first mentioned section and a hammery longitudinally movable with respect to both of said sections, said jar also having energy storing means and latching means cooperating with each other and the sections to cause the hammer to strike a jarring blow directly on the section connected to the shing tool independently of the section connected to the drill stem as the sections are placed under tension by pulling on the drill stem.

13. A straight pull rotary jar having two sections for transmitting tension from a drill pipe or the like to a fish and a hammer independent of the sections for imparting a jar to one of the sections, a spring for actuating said hammer, said hammer and spring being positioned on the outside of said sections.

14. A straight pull jar including two coupled sections, a spring for transmitting tension from one section to the other, an anvil carried by one of said sections, means for delivering a blow to said anvil, said means comprising a hammer mounted independently of both of said sections, and a second spring vfor urging said hammer into engagement with said anvil and means for setting and releasing the blow delivering means in response to relative longitudinal movement of the sections.

JOHN T. PHIPPS.

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