US212094A - Improvement in the manufacture of hydraulic cement - Google Patents
Improvement in the manufacture of hydraulic cement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US212094A US212094A US212094DA US212094A US 212094 A US212094 A US 212094A US 212094D A US212094D A US 212094DA US 212094 A US212094 A US 212094A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hydraulic cement
- manufacture
- improvement
- lime
- coal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 240000006909 Tilia x europaea Species 0.000 description 18
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
Definitions
- My invention consists in the use of blue clay, containing silica, alumina, magnesia, and peroxide of iron, such as can be found at all times upon the banks and bottoms of rivers, bays, and lakes, combined with the refuse coal-ashes to be had in cities and towns and sewer-mud.
- compositions are ground in separate mills in a semi-fluid state, and when they pass through the millstones they run into any form of a brick-making machine, when they are turned out into bricks 0r cubes, after which they are set out to dry under suitable sheds like any other kind of bricks, and, when dried,
- the paste which Icall No. 1 must be burned in a kiln developing a large amount of heat, so that a white heat may be secured to the bricks.
Description
NI'I'ED STATE S PATENT QFFICE.
JOHN A. FRANCIS, OF NEW YORK, NDY
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent N0. 212,094, dated February 11, 1879; application filed September 4, 1878.
-To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, JOHN ALFRED FRANCIS, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cement, of which cement the following specifications contain a full and accurate description.
My invention consists in the use of blue clay, containing silica, alumina, magnesia, and peroxide of iron, such as can be found at all times upon the banks and bottoms of rivers, bays, and lakes, combined with the refuse coal-ashes to be had in cities and towns and sewer-mud.
For the purpose of burning the foregoing materials, I add coal-dust, being the refuse of coal yards and mines. In order to impart strength to the whole, I add sand known as partingsand, which has already been brought to a white heat. To the whole of these ingredients I now add carbonate of lime,
(chalk,) to which is added the refuse lime of tanneries afterit has been used in taking off the hair from the skins.
In order to compound my artificial hydraulic cement, which I designate Union hydraulic cement, I take the clay containing the ingredients already mentioned, the coal-ashes, the mud from city-sewers, and the coal-dust in suitable proportions, (in a wet state,) in combination with carbonate of lime, the proportion being one of the foregoing ingredients to two of-carbonate of lime. I proceed, then, to grind the whole in awet state into a homo geneous paste between suitable millstones. I then take parting-sand, which is of a sharp fine grit, and the refuse lime from tanneries, and other limes not contaminated with sulphuric acids or soda, and grind them into a homogeneouspaste,theproportionbeingequal. Each of these compositions is ground in separate mills in a semi-fluid state, and when they pass through the millstones they run into any form of a brick-making machine, when they are turned out into bricks 0r cubes, after which they are set out to dry under suitable sheds like any other kind of bricks, and, when dried,
are then placed in the kiln and burned.
The paste which Icall No. 1 must be burned in a kiln developing a large amount of heat, so that a white heat may be secured to the bricks.
Thepaste which I call N o. 2 can be burned at a much lower temperature, as the materials have alreadybeen burned once andonly require sufficient heat to combine them, so that there is no longer a free lime.
When the pastes Nos. 1 and 2 are in a calcined state, they are then ground together in the proportion of three-fourths pound of N o. l paste to ouefourth pound of N o. 2 paste, thus imparting to the cement additional quantity of silica, which prevents the cement from cracking in the process of setting.
Havingdescribed my invention, I claim- 1. Clay containing silica, alumina, peroxide of iron, and magnesia, or clays having these substances added in proper proportions,-with coal-dust, coal-ashes and sewer'mud, in combination with carbonate of lime, for the purpose of manufacturing artificial hydraulic cement. 7
2. The refuse lime from tanneries, combined with partingsand from foundries, for the purposes herein described.
3. Treating the materials set forth in the manner herein described in the manufacture of artificial hydraulic cement.
Dated at the city of New York the 3d day of September, A. D. 1878.
JOHN A. FRANCIS.
In presence of- THOMAS W. PEYTON, JOSHUA M. EIERo.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US212094A true US212094A (en) | 1879-02-11 |
Family
ID=2281500
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US212094D Expired - Lifetime US212094A (en) | Improvement in the manufacture of hydraulic cement |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US212094A (en) |
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0
- US US212094D patent/US212094A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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