US2117092A - Shingle - Google Patents

Description

May 10, 1938. K. s. GUITERMAN 2,117,092

SHINGLE Filed July 11, 1954 BY ,s

Z3 A'ITRNEYS l Patented May 10, 1938 UNITED STATES SHINGLE Kenneth S. Guiterman, Hewlett Bay Park, Hewlett, N. Y.

Application July 11, 1934, Sel'lal N0. 734,589

, 5 Claims.

This invention relates to roof or surface coverings such as shingles and more particularly to sheet metal shingles.

According to the invention a sheet metal shingle may be provided of generally rectangular shape having its weather edge turned upwardly to provide an upstanding flange-like portion. The flange-like portion is preferably corrugated to give the shingle certain novel functions and advantages as will be more fully pointed out in the following specification. The main body of the shingle may likewise be corrugated. if desired.

Roofs constructed of shingles of the form described herein may be made to simulate roofs made from other types of coverings such as those made from tile or from wooden shingles.

'I'he invention also consists in certain new and original features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter set forth and claimed.

Although the novel features which are believed to be characteristic of this invention will be particularly pointed out in the claims appended hereto, the invention itself, as to its objects and advantages, and the manner in which it may be carried out, may be better understood by referring to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing forming a part thereof., in which Fig. 1 is a perspective of a shingle made according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a perspective oiA a roof covered with shingles of the type shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an end view of the shingle shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a side view of the shingle;

Fig. 5 is an end view of the shingle bent to form a hip shingle;

Fig. 6 is a side view of the hip shingle;

Fig. 7 is a vertical section through a portion of the roof shown in Fig. 2; and

Fig. 8 is a section of a modified form of. hip shingle.

Like reference characters denote like parts in the several figures of the drawing.

In the following description and in the claims, various details will be identified by specific names for convenience, but they are intended to be as generic in their application as the art will permit.

In the drawing accompanying and forming part of this specication, certain specic disclosure of the invention is made for purposes of explanation, but it will be understood that the details may be modified in various respects with- (C'l. 10B-17) out departure from the broad aspect of the invention.

Referring now to the drawing, and more particularly to Figs. 1, 3 and 4, the shingle comprises a generally rectangular body portion I having a free upper edge I I, free side edges I2 and a flange I3 along its lower edge. Flange I3 is preferably formed of a portion I4 turned up from the body portion I0 and a. rebent portion I5 having a free edge I6 defining the lower edge of the shingle. Flange I3 will thus be seen to have a cross-section substantially the shape of an inverted V. The free edge or lip I6 extends slightly below the plane of the body portion I0 to provide a close joint between the edge of the shingle and an adjoining shingle when they are laid on a roof.

A novel feature of the present invention. whereby the adaptability of the shingle is greatly extended, resides in the provision of corrugations of suitable width in parts of the shingle. The corrugations are particularly desirable in the flange portion I3 of the shingle and maybe conned to this portion if desired. According to the preferred form of the invention, however, as shown in the figures of the drawing, corrugations I1 extend throughout the shingle from the upper edge II to the lower edge I6.

The corrugations I1 render the shingle adaptable to several novel uses and particularly to the formation of a hip shingle. In the past it has usually been found necessary, with shingles of this type, to provide a separate specially made hip shingle for covering the hip ridge of a. roof.

According to the present invention the hip shingle is formed by bending the corrugated shingle along a longitudinal axis to the desired angle. This may be done by placing the shingle over the hip of the roof and bending the entire shingle to conform to the hip. The hip shingle thus formed will then appear as shown in Figures and 6.

In some cases it may be desirable to bend the middle of edge I6 inwardly, toward ange Il, before forming a hip shingle. Fig. 8 shows a longitudinal section through a shingle bent in this manner, the bend being somewhat exaggerated for purposes of illustration. This bend will, of course, be substantially unnoticeable after the shingles are laid on roof.

It will be noted by reference to Figure 5 that the corrugations Il are stretched or expanded along the top of the a'nge I3, on the outside of the bend and are compressed slightly along the indentations, are provided in the body of the shingle to aid in the placing of nails during the laying of a roof. These are situated preferably approximately two-thirds of the distance from the flange to the upper edge of the shingle.

The shingle is likewise preferably made with a slight crown I9, as shown more particularly in Figure 4, so that the shingle will be held firmly against the roof by its own elastic force when nailed firmly to the sheathing.

The shingle may be made of any suitable sheet material such as sheet metal. Sheet copper or aluminum is very well adapted to the manufacture of shingles according to the invention.A

The corrugations strengthen the shingle and make it possible for the gauge or thickness of the metal to be considerably less than would otherwise be required for a shingle of the same strength. The characteristics of the metal used are preferably such as to give it a considerable degree of ductility in order that the corrugations may readily be formed therein and that the shingle maybe bent, when desired, to form a. hip shingle. The metal should have sumcient stiffness, however, so that the shingle will retain its shape during ordinary handling, laying and use.

As an example of what may be done in practice a shingle may be formed according to the invention of corrugated sheet copper of No. 29 Brown and Sharpe gauge. The shingle may suitably be made approximately 16 inches long and from 7 to 12 inches wide. The lower flange may measure approximately 1 inch in Width as measured in the plane of the body portion Ill of the shingle. 'Ihe height of the flange man be approximately V8 of an inch and the lip I6 may suitably extend l/ oi an inch below the plane of the body portion III. The shingle may havev approximately 3' or 4 corrugations per inch.

It will be noted (Figure 4) that the bends forming the flange are given relatively gentle curvature in order that the corrugations will be preserved without crimping where they extend across the bends in the shingle. In practice these bends may be given a radius of 1A inch or greater.

It will be understood that certain modifications of structure also come within the scope of the invention, such as the provision of corrugations solely on the lower flange portion of the shingle. A shingle of this type may likewise be bent along a longitudinal axis to form a hip shingle, the corrugations being spread out along the outer edge of the flange as above described, and the continuity of the flange will not be interrupted. It is also contemplated according to a modified form of the invention to form a shingle having a single upturned flange portion similar to Il, but without a rebent portion such as I5.

The shingle shown in Figure 1 may be made either by hand or with automatic machinery by cutting corrugated sheet copper into sheets of suitable length-and bendingone edge of each sheet to produce a flange. A shingle having corrugatlons only on the flange portion would more suitably be formed by stamping the ange and corrugations from a flat sheet of metal of suitable dimensions.

A roof made from the above described shingles is shown in Figure 2 and a section of the roof is shown in Figure 7. The shingles may be placed over a board sheathing 20, as shown, or may be laid directly over an old roof. When they are to be laid over sheathing at least one layer of roofing felt 22 (Fig. 7) or other insulating material is rst laid over the sheathing before laying the shingles. A strip of flashing 23 is also laid over the sheathing along the eaves.

The roof is laid in very much the same way as an ordinary shingle roof. The shingles are first applied along the lower edge of the roof over the flashing, that is, in row A (Figure 2), by laying them in position and driving nails 2| through holes or indentations I8 into the sheathing 20. After row A has been laid in position a second row B is started immediately above it. The shingles in row B are lapped over row A so that the lower or weather edges of the shingles t in row B, cover the nails 2l holding the shingles 'of row A in place. The shingles inrow B are then nailed in place in the same manner and the process is repeated for succeeding rows progressing up the roof.

In laying this roof it will be found convenient to lay a first course of shingles, such as A, then to lay a board of proper width over the shingles with one edge against the flange portions to form a guide for the next course. The next course, such as B, may then be laid with the lower edges I6 of the shingles touching the upper edge of the board. 'I'he desired spacing and alignment of the courses may thus be preserved.

It will be apparent that the shingles are always placed so that the flange portions I3 will be located at the weather edge of the shingles and will stand up above the general roof surface. The lip extension I6 of each shingle in row B will then fit against the surface of one or more shingles in row A forming a tight joint.

For covering the hip portion of the roof shingles of the desired width are applied to the hip ridge, bent down and nailed to the adjacent roof surfaces. 'I'hese shingles are laid in place starting at the lower end of the hip (as at C, Figure 2) and progressing upwardly laying each successive shingle to overlap the one below it. It will readily be seen that the flanges will be preserved where they pass over the hip of the roof so that the hip will match the roof in appearance.

The nails 2| used to hold the shingles may preferably be made of the same material as is used in the shingles in order that electrolysis cannot set in and cause deterioration of the roof. Likewise, where the shingles are liable to come into contact with other metals such as pipes or drains an insulating material may be placed between the two metal surfaces.

In some instances the entire roof may be covered with shingles of equal Width. In other cases the artistic appearance of the structure may be improved by using shingles of various widths placed at random over the surface of the roof. Care must be taken in this case, of course, to insure that every gap between two shingles laid side by side will not be over a corresponding gap between shingles placed in the next adjacent row below them.

The appearance of the roof may often be still lfurther improved, as in the pyramid-type roof shown in Figure 2, by using a predominance of wide shingles toward the lower edge of the roof and using more of the narrow shingles near the top of the roof slope. With this arrangement the spacing between rows may likewise be made tions being such that wider near the lower edge than towards the top ofthe roof slope.

A suitable spacing for most cases is illustrated in Figure 7 in which the length L of 'the shingle is 16 inches, the spacing S between rows is 1 inches, and the distance D between the lower edge of one row, and the beginning of the flange on the next succeeding row below it is 6 inches. In this instance the distance N of the nails from the lower edge of the shingle is approximately 10 inches.

The corrugated shingle described above is well adapted to give many beautiful roof effects. It may often be used to advantage to simulate other kinds of roof coverings. For instance, the flanges may be arranged to give the roof the appearance of a tile or a wooden shingle roof.

Not only is the present shingle adapted to the formation of a hip shingle bu't it may likewise be bent into other forms to meet other roof conditions. The shingles may, for example, be bent to conform to a rolling roof, if desired, thereby producing a thatch effect.

By the use of both corrugations and flange the shingle is double strengthened. The corrugations reinforce it in one direction and the flange in the other.

The flanges I3 will serve in winter to hold the snow on the roof until it melts, thereby preventing accidents due to snow slides. These flanges will also tend to break up the force of rain water running down the roof.

The lower edges of the shingles, comprising portions I5, will be visible to persons on the ground below but due to the corrugated nature of the surface any specular reflection from the metal surface will be prevented and the roof will have a soft, non-metallic apearance.

The lip extension i6 of each shingle, held rmly in contact with the surface of the shingle or shingles in the row below it on the roof, will prevent rain from being blown up under the shingle. Thus an absolutely water-tight roof will be provided.

The present shingle has none of the drawbacks inherent in the interlocking type of roof coverings. Not only is it much simpler to lay a roof of these shingles, but they are adaptable to corner and hip conditions where the interlocking shingles could not be used.

While certain novel features of the invention have been disclosed and are pointed out in the annexed claims, it will ous omissions, substitutions and changes may be made by those skilled in the art Without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is: 1

l. A shingle adapted for use as a plane shingle or as a hip or ridge shingle, said shingle being made from corrugated thin sheet material having a body adapted to lie substantially flat against the underlying supporting surface and an upstanding flange member extending transversely of said shingle, said corrugations running lengthwise of said shingle and up and down said flange member, the depth and pitch of said corrugaall parts of said body may lie close to and substantially flat against said supporting surface and Vsuch that said shingle is stiffened lengthwise, the corrugations in said ange member having an accordion-like action to permit said body and flange member to be bent about a longitudinal line parallel to said corrugations to t a hip or ridge.

2. A shingle adapted for use as a plane shingle be understood that varior as a hip or ridge shingle, said shingle being made from a corrugated sheet of thin metal having a body adapted to lie substantially dat against the underlying supporting surface and an upstanding, inverted trough-shaped flange member at the lower margin of said body extending transversely of said shingle, said corrugations running lengthwise of said shingle andl up and down said flange member, the depth and pitch of said corrugations being such that all parts of said body may lie close to and substantially at against said supporting surface and such that said shingle is stiffened lengthwise, the corrugations in said flange member having an accordionlike action to permit said body and flange member to be bent about a longitudinal line parallel to said corrugations to t a hip or ridge.

3. In a roof having surfaces intersecting in a hip, a row of corrugated sheet metal hip shingies extending along said hip with each shingle overlying the one next below, each shingle comprlsing a substantially at body with an upturned, inverted trough-shaped ange portion at its lower margin, the corrugations in said shingles extending' lengthwise of the body and up and down the upturned flange portion, said bodies being bent about a line parallel to said corrugations, the corrugations being of such depth and pitch that each bent body part lies close to and substantially at against its respective underlying surface, said flange portions being also bent about said line with each bent flange part disposed `against its respective underlying surface and extending substantially perpendicular to said hip, the corrugations in said flange portions being expanded at the upper edges of the flange portions and compressed at the lower edges thereof, said flange portions extending above said bodies and being exposed to the weather on both the up-side and down-side of the roof.

4. In a roof having surfaces intersecting in a hip, a row of corrugated sheet hip shingles extending along said hip with each shingle overlying the one next below, each shingle compris ing a substantially dat body with an upturned ange portion at its lower margin, the corrugations in said shingles extending lengthwise of the body and up and down the upturned flange portion, said bodies being bent about a line parallel to said corrugations, the corrugations being of such depth and pitch that each bent body part lies close to and substantially flat against the underlying surface, said flange portions being also bent about said line with each bent flange part disposed against its respective underlying surface and extending away from said hip, the corrugations in said flange permitting the upper edges of the ange portions to be expanded more than the lower edges thereof, said flange portions extending above the bodies of the shingles and being exposed to the weather on both the upside and down-side of the roof.

5. In a roof having plane surfaces intersecting in a hip, a plurality of courses of corrugated sheet shingles on each said intersecting surface. each shingle comprising a substantially flat body portion with an upturned flange portion at its lower margin, said body portion and its side and top edges lying close to and substantially fiat against the supporting surface, the corrugations in said shingles extending lengthwise of the body and up and down the upturned flange portion, the shingles in each course being substantially in line and being spaced from each other, the spaces in adjoining courses being staggered, each upper l0 ing Surface shingles, seid ange portions being bent with each bent ange part extending substantially perpendicular to said hip, the corrugations in the ange portions of said hip shingles being expanded at the upper edges of the iiange portions and compressed at the lower edges `thereof, all of said flange portions extending above the bodies of the shingles and being exposed to the weather on both the upside and down-side oi the roof.

KENNETH S. GUI'I'ERMAN.

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