US2115750A - Method of coating strip steel and products thereof - Google Patents
Method of coating strip steel and products thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2115750A US2115750A US90298A US9029836A US2115750A US 2115750 A US2115750 A US 2115750A US 90298 A US90298 A US 90298A US 9029836 A US9029836 A US 9029836A US 2115750 A US2115750 A US 2115750A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- nickel
- coating
- steel
- products
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 24
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 19
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013324 preserved food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/941—Solid state alloying, e.g. diffusion, to disappearance of an original layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
- Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12757—Fe
Definitions
- This invention relates, as indicated, to a method of coating strip steel, but has reference more particularly to a continuous method of coating strip steel with nickel, whereby a ductile, non- 5 porous, uniform and intimately bonded coating of nickel is formed on the steel.
- the coating of tin on commercial tin plate, as now manufactured, is more or less porous, so that containers for food stuffs or food products made from such tin plate are not entirely resistant to the attack of chemical compounds contained in preserved food stuffs, fruit juices, etc. Moreover, the tin coating does not adhere tenaciously to the base metal, is rather soft and easily abraded, and is therefore likely to become punctured or ruptured during handling of the tin plate or during the container-forming operation.
- the invention accordingly has as its primary object the provision of steel strip having a coating of an impervious, non-porous nature, which coating forms a protective medium for the strip, enabling the strip to resist corrosion and rendering it especially suitable therefore, for manufacture into containers for food stuffs and food products.
- Another object of the invention is the provision of steel strip of the character described in which the coating is much harder than the coating of tin plate and adheres with a high degree ofv tenacity to the base metal, thereby facilitating handling of the strip and formation thereof into containers, without danger of puncturing or rupturing the coating during the handling and container-forming operations.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a method of coating such strip which is of a continuous character, whereby production of the coated strip in desired commercial quantities is made feasible.
- the method broadly stated, consists in bringing the steel strip and the nickel into intimate contact, and while in such relation subjecting the same to heat under such conditions and for such a length of time as .to eifect a desired diflusion of the metals" and a desired condition in the nickel constituent.
- a desired diflusion of the metals and a desired condition in the nickel constituent.
- the same may be governed or controlled in such a manner, particularly as regards the temperature and time period, as to effect an annealing of the base metal and at the same time obtain the desired diffusion and condition of the nickel coat- -A simple and emcient means'of bringing the metals into intimate contact is by electro-deposition of the nickel on the surface of the ferrous strip, the deposit being 01 any desiredthickness and the deposition being accomplished by any of the approved methods of nickel plating.
- An electro-deposited coating of nickel is, however, of a porous nature and is capable of being stripped from the steel strip. Electro-deposited nickel accordingly does not provide an efficient corrosion-resisting covering as corrosion of the steel strip may start in the pin holes resulting from the porous nature of the nickel.
- the steel strip with its electro-deposited coating is subjected to a heating,or what may be termed as an annealing step in the process, in order to strongly unite the metals and render the electrodeposited nickel substantially impervious and ductile.
- This annealing step is preferably carried out in a furnace in which a neutral or reducing. atmosphere is maintained as by means of gases, such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide, whereby oxidation of the metals is precluded during the heating and cooling periods.
- the heating or annealing is accomplished at temperatures ranging from about 1100 F, to about 1800" F., the metals diffusing into one another to form a solid solution zone at their contiguous surfaces, and in this manner the iron and nickel constituents are tenaciously united.
- the heating is at all times controlled with respect to duration as to secure a definite depth'of diffusion of the nickel into the ferrous metal, but restricting the solid solution zone to a .depth less than that of the thickness of the nickel body constituting the coating. If the depth of the solid solution zone does not exceed the above indi-' cated thickness, the exposed surface will be substantially pure nickel and free from pin holes.
- the heating moreover liberates and drives off any occluded gases, such as hydrogen, which may be taken up during electro-deposition, thereby making the coating more ductile and impervious.
- the strip S is drawn from a, coil mounted on reel I, and is passed successively through an alkali cleaning tank 2, a rinse tank 3, an acid pickling tank 4, another rinse tank 5, a nickel plating tank 6, a rinse tank I, a drying oven 8, a. furnace 9 comprising an annealing chamber In and a cooling chamber H, and is coiled up on a take-up reel l2.
- the thickness of the nickel coating may be varied as desired. By using a lower temperature for the annealing and increasing the duration of such annealing, results comparable to those obtained by using higher temperatures and shorter periods of annealing may be secured, as will be readily understood. Any desired surface appearance, from a matte to a bright mirror finish, may be obtained by proper polishing and/or buffing procedures.
- the method of coating steel strip and the like which comprises consecutively subjecting the strip to the action of a nickel plating bath to form a coating of nickel thereon and to heating at a temperature of from about 1100 F. to about 1800 F. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, whereby to form a solid solution zone at the contiguous surfaces of the steel strip and nickel.
- the method of coating steel strip and the like which comprises continuously moving and consecutively subjecting the strip to the action of a nickel plating bath to form a coating of nickel thereon and to heating at a temperature of from about 1100 F. to about 1650 F. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, whereby to form a solid solution zone at the contiguous surfaces of the steel strip and nickel.
- the method which comprises cleaning steel strip, depositing a coating of nickel thereon, then passing the strip through a furnace chamber in which a reducing atmosphere is maintained and wherein the strip is heated to a temperature of from about 1100 F. to about 1650 F., and then cooling the strip at a controlled rate.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Description
-May 3, 1938. M. RUBIN ET AL. 2,115,750
METHOD OF COATING STRIP STEEL AND PRODUCTS THEREOF Filed July 15 1936 V INVENTORJ 7%?0/146/ fuzrr M Zia 7,6/1 d/ezazzdar fi ATTORNEYS Patented May 3, 1938 I V UNITED STATES PATENT orrlcs METnon or ooATING STRIP STEEL AND raonuczrs TnEaEor Michael Rubin and Ralph E. Alexander, Warren, Ohio, assignors to The Thomas Steel Company, Warren, Ohio, a. corporation of Ohio Application July 13, 1936, Serial No. 90,298
4 Claims. (Cl. 20414) This invention relates, as indicated, to a method of coating strip steel, but has reference more particularly to a continuous method of coating strip steel with nickel, whereby a ductile, non- 5 porous, uniform and intimately bonded coating of nickel is formed on the steel.
The coating of tin on commercial tin plate, as now manufactured, is more or less porous, so that containers for food stuffs or food products made from such tin plate are not entirely resistant to the attack of chemical compounds contained in preserved food stuffs, fruit juices, etc. Moreover, the tin coating does not adhere tenaciously to the base metal, is rather soft and easily abraded, and is therefore likely to become punctured or ruptured during handling of the tin plate or during the container-forming operation.
The invention accordingly has as its primary object the provision of steel strip having a coating of an impervious, non-porous nature, which coating forms a protective medium for the strip, enabling the strip to resist corrosion and rendering it especially suitable therefore, for manufacture into containers for food stuffs and food products.
Another object of the invention is the provision of steel strip of the character described in which the coating is much harder than the coating of tin plate and adheres with a high degree ofv tenacity to the base metal, thereby facilitating handling of the strip and formation thereof into containers, without danger of puncturing or rupturing the coating during the handling and container-forming operations.
A further object of the invention is to provide a method of coating such strip which is of a continuous character, whereby production of the coated strip in desired commercial quantities is made feasible.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, said invention, then, consists of the steps hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the claims; the annexed drawing and the following description setting forth in 45 detail one approved method of carrying out the invention, such disclosed steps illustrating, however, but one of the various ways in which the principle of the invention may be used.
The method, broadly stated, consists in bringing the steel strip and the nickel into intimate contact, and while in such relation subjecting the same to heat under such conditions and for such a length of time as .to eifect a desired diflusion of the metals" and a desired condition in the nickel constituent. In carrying out the heating step,
the same may be governed or controlled in such a manner, particularly as regards the temperature and time period, as to effect an annealing of the base metal and at the same time obtain the desired diffusion and condition of the nickel coat- -A simple and emcient means'of bringing the metals into intimate contact is by electro-deposition of the nickel on the surface of the ferrous strip, the deposit being 01 any desiredthickness and the deposition being accomplished by any of the approved methods of nickel plating. An electro-deposited coating of nickel is, however, of a porous nature and is capable of being stripped from the steel strip. Electro-deposited nickel accordingly does not provide an efficient corrosion-resisting covering as corrosion of the steel strip may start in the pin holes resulting from the porous nature of the nickel. However, the steel strip with its electro-deposited coating is subjected to a heating,or what may be termed as an annealing step in the process, in order to strongly unite the metals and render the electrodeposited nickel substantially impervious and ductile. This annealing step is preferably carried out in a furnace in which a neutral or reducing. atmosphere is maintained as by means of gases, such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide, whereby oxidation of the metals is precluded during the heating and cooling periods.
The heating or annealing is accomplished at temperatures ranging from about 1100 F, to about 1800" F., the metals diffusing into one another to form a solid solution zone at their contiguous surfaces, and in this manner the iron and nickel constituents are tenaciously united. The heating is at all times controlled with respect to duration as to secure a definite depth'of diffusion of the nickel into the ferrous metal, but restricting the solid solution zone to a .depth less than that of the thickness of the nickel body constituting the coating. If the depth of the solid solution zone does not exceed the above indi-' cated thickness, the exposed surface will be substantially pure nickel and free from pin holes.
The heating moreover liberates and drives off any occluded gases, such as hydrogen, which may be taken up during electro-deposition, thereby making the coating more ductile and impervious.
The method may be practiced commercially by means of the apparatus shown in the accompanying drawing. 1
Referring to said drawing, the strip S is drawn from a, coil mounted on reel I, and is passed successively through an alkali cleaning tank 2, a rinse tank 3, an acid pickling tank 4, another rinse tank 5, a nickel plating tank 6, a rinse tank I, a drying oven 8, a. furnace 9 comprising an annealing chamber In and a cooling chamber H, and is coiled up on a take-up reel l2.
Satisfactory results have been obtained by first electro-depositing one-tenth of an ounce of nickel per square foot of surface upon the ferrous strip in the plating bath 6 and by heating the strip thus coated in the chamber ill at a temperature of about 1650 F., the strip passing through the furnace at a speed of about 14 feet per minute. The strip, upon emerging from the heating chamber I is cooled in the cooling chamber l at such a rate as will produce the desired annealing of the steel strip. A reducing atmosphere is at all times maintained within the furnace 9. The method is thus carried out in a continuous manner and at a uniform speed.
We have found that when the nickel coating has been applied and treated in'this manner that it becomes strongly bonded to the steel strip and is of an impervious, lustrous and ductile nature. The thickness of the nickel coating may be varied as desired. By using a lower temperature for the annealing and increasing the duration of such annealing, results comparable to those obtained by using higher temperatures and shorter periods of annealing may be secured, as will be readily understood. Any desired surface appearance, from a matte to a bright mirror finish, may be obtained by proper polishing and/or buffing procedures.
Other modes of applying the principle of our invention may be employed. instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the method herein disclosed, provided the step or steps stated by any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated step or steps be employed.
We therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as our invention:
1. The method of coating steel strip and the like which comprises consecutively subjecting the strip to the action of a nickel plating bath to form a coating of nickel thereon and to heating at a temperature of from about 1100 F. to about 1800 F. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, whereby to form a solid solution zone at the contiguous surfaces of the steel strip and nickel.
2. The method of coating steel strip and the like which comprises continuously moving and consecutively subjecting the strip to the action of a nickel plating bath to form a coating of nickel thereon and to heating at a temperature of from about 1100 F. to about 1650 F. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, whereby to form a solid solution zone at the contiguous surfaces of the steel strip and nickel.
3. The method of coating steel strip and the like which comprises electro-depositing nickel upon the strip, then passing the strip through a furnace chamber in which .a reducing atmosphere is maintained and wherein the strip is heated to a temperature of from about 1100 F. to about 1650 F. whereby a solid solution zone if formed at the contiguous surfaces of the steel strip and nickel, and then cooling the strip at such a rate as will produce the desired annealing of the strip.
4. The method which comprises cleaning steel strip, depositing a coating of nickel thereon, then passing the strip through a furnace chamber in which a reducing atmosphere is maintained and wherein the strip is heated to a temperature of from about 1100 F. to about 1650 F., and then cooling the strip at a controlled rate.
MICHAEL RUBIN. RALPH E. ALEXANDER.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US90298A US2115750A (en) | 1936-07-13 | 1936-07-13 | Method of coating strip steel and products thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US90298A US2115750A (en) | 1936-07-13 | 1936-07-13 | Method of coating strip steel and products thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2115750A true US2115750A (en) | 1938-05-03 |
Family
ID=22222171
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US90298A Expired - Lifetime US2115750A (en) | 1936-07-13 | 1936-07-13 | Method of coating strip steel and products thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2115750A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2643975A (en) * | 1949-06-22 | 1953-06-30 | United States Steel Corp | Method of lead coating a ferrous article |
| US2707323A (en) * | 1955-05-03 | Method of producing copper clad steel | ||
| US3055087A (en) * | 1954-06-07 | 1962-09-25 | Union Carbide Corp | Carbonyl metal plated product |
| DE1175522B (en) * | 1960-05-05 | 1964-08-06 | Daimler Benz Ag | Process for the galvanic production of soldered recuperators from sheet steel containing aluminum |
| DE1259667B (en) * | 1960-08-12 | 1968-01-25 | United States Steel Corp | Process for the production of tin-plated steel strip |
| US5587248A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1996-12-24 | Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd. | Corrosion resistant nickel plating steel sheet or strip and manufacturing method thereof |
| US5618401A (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 1997-04-08 | Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd. | Inner-shield material to be attached inside a color cathode ray tube and manufacturing method thereof |
-
1936
- 1936-07-13 US US90298A patent/US2115750A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2707323A (en) * | 1955-05-03 | Method of producing copper clad steel | ||
| US2643975A (en) * | 1949-06-22 | 1953-06-30 | United States Steel Corp | Method of lead coating a ferrous article |
| US3055087A (en) * | 1954-06-07 | 1962-09-25 | Union Carbide Corp | Carbonyl metal plated product |
| DE1175522B (en) * | 1960-05-05 | 1964-08-06 | Daimler Benz Ag | Process for the galvanic production of soldered recuperators from sheet steel containing aluminum |
| DE1259667B (en) * | 1960-08-12 | 1968-01-25 | United States Steel Corp | Process for the production of tin-plated steel strip |
| US5587248A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1996-12-24 | Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd. | Corrosion resistant nickel plating steel sheet or strip and manufacturing method thereof |
| US5679181A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1997-10-21 | Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing a corrosion resistant nickel plating steel sheet or strip |
| US5618401A (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 1997-04-08 | Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd. | Inner-shield material to be attached inside a color cathode ray tube and manufacturing method thereof |
| US5821686A (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 1998-10-13 | Tokyo Kohan Co., Ltd. | Inner-shield material to be attached inside a color cathode ray tube |
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