US2115650A

US2115650A - Hydraulic turbine

Info

Publication number: US2115650A
Application number: US95260A
Authority: US
Inventors: Joseph P Seaton
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1936-08-10
Filing date: 1936-08-10
Publication date: 1938-04-26
Anticipated expiration: 1955-04-26

Description

April 26, 1938. J. P. SEATON 2,115,650

HYDRAULI C TURBINE Filed Aug. 10, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet l Jase 02 P 56a zommm ATTOR NEY .S

April 26, 1938. J. P. SEATON HYDRAULIC TURBINE I Filed Aug. 10, 1936 2 Shets-Sheef 2 Jase 0% PSeaZozr 3 v INVENTOR Patented Apr. 26, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HYDRAULIC TURBINE Joseph P. Seaton, Bristol, Va.

Application August 10, 1936, Serial No. 95,260

Claims.

This invention relates to hydraulic turbines and has for an object to provide a turbine formed of superposed sections or units including novel rotary spiral blades and stationary rectifying 5 blades, the water striking the first series of blades and imparting clockwise rotation to the turbine shaft and being straightened or rectified by the stationary blades to strike the next series of movable blades at an efficient angle to impart an additional impulse, this operation being repeated until the water is finally discharged from a lower series of moving vanes whereby all of the power to be derived from a given head of water will be utilized.

A further object is to provide gates for controlling the admission of water to the turbine, the gates being automatically controlled to admit a predetermined volume of water by governor controlled electric motors whereby the turbine will operate without manual attention.

A further object is to provide a turbine which will be formed of a few strong simple and durable parts, which will be inexpensive to manufacture, and which will not easily get out of order.

With the above and other objects in View the invention consists of certain novel details of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter fully described and claimed, it being understood that various modifications may be resorted to within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification,

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a hydraulic turbine constructed in accordance with the invention with parts shown in section and with parts broken away. Figure 2 is a plan view of the turbine.

Figure 3 is a cross sectional view taken on the line 3-4 of Figure '1.

' Referring now to the drawings in which like characters of reference designate similar parts in the various views, the outer cylindrical casing of the turbine is shown to be formed of a plurality of units H), H, I2, and I3, having butted flanges l4 bolted together as shown at l 5, it being understood that as many of these units may be superposed upon each other as desired.

The lowermost unit is secured toan annular base l6 and is equipped with a spider I! having at its center a hub l8 equipped with roller bearings l9 to support and receive the thrust of the turbine vertical shaft 20, there being a ball race 2| interposed between the hub l8 and a flange 22 on the shaft-to reduce friction.

The top of the casingis closed by a cover plate 23 which is bolted, riveted, or otherwise secured to the cylindrical wall of the uppermost unit l0, 5 and is provided with a central bearing 24 to receive the turbine shaft 20. The turbine shaft projects considerably above the bearing and power may be taken from the projecting end of the shaft in any suitable manner. 6

Rigidly secured to the shaft by means of set screws 25, 26 and 21 are

spiders

28, 29, and 39 of the general shape shown in Figure 3. On the peripheries of the spiders are secured hollow cylinders 3|, 32 and 33 which carry the moving 15

blades

34, 35, and 36 respectively.

The

blades

34, 35 and 36 are arranged spirally around their respective hollow cylinders and each is provided with a rearwardly curved leading end 31, as best shown in Figure 1 for a purpose which 0 will presently appear. The stationary blades of the three units shown are indicated by the numerals 3B and 39 and these blades are connected at their inner and outer longitudinal edges to respective stationary inner and outer cylinders 5 4l)--4l and 42-43. The outer cylinders are riveted, bolted, or otherwise rigidly secured to the cylindrical casings of the units, as shown.

The

stationary blades

38 and 39 are spirally arranged between their respective supporting inso her and outer cylinders and are inclined reversely with respect to the movable blades above and below them so that water leaving the first series of movable blades, after imparting an impulse to the rotor shaft in a clockwise direction, will 35 strike the stationary blade and be thereby straightened or rectified to impinge against the next lowermost series of movable blades at an efiicient angle.

. By reason of the reversely curved leading ends 49 31 of the movable, blades the water upon leaving the stationary blades will impinge against these curved'ends and impart an initial impulse independent of the impulse imparted by the weight of the water as it gravitates down the 45 spiral portion of the blades.

About the upper spider 28 a flaring or conical closure 44 is arranged to prevent water from entering the interior of the rotary cylinders 3|, 32 and 33 carried by the turbine shaft. The closure 50 is provided at the bottom with a flange 45 which is bolted as shown at 46 or otherwise secured to the uppermost spider 28. The closure is provided at its apex with a hub 41 which is sleeved on the turbine shaft 20.

" tion.

for adjusting the gates, and centrifugal governor Water enters the uppermost section of the turbine through oppositely disposed

ports

48 and 49 which are controlled by respective gates 50 and 5| Each gate is slidably fitted in guides 52 and is equipped with a rack 53 which meshes with a pinion 50' driven through a conventional reduction gear mechanism 55 which is connected to the shaft 56 of an electric motor 51 that is mounted on the cover plate 23.

For controlling the gates to restrict the entrance of water to a predetermined volume a centrifugal governor 58 is mounted on the turbine shaft 20 and the vertically sliding sleeve 59 of the governor is equipped with a ring 60. A lever BI is connected to the ring and is centrally pivoted on a bracket 62 that rises from the cover plate,

the free end of the lever being equipped with&

moving switch contacts 63 of a reversing switch which alternately engage the switch contacts 64 and 65 of the switch to reverse the flow of current simultaneously through the circuits 66 and 6'! of the motors.

When the flow of water becomes too great spreading of the governor balls will operate the lever 6| to throw the reversing switch in one direction and actuate the motors to close the gates while conversely when the head of water becomes too low the governor balls will drop and actuate the lever 6| to operate the reversing switch and reverse the direction of current through the motors to open the gates.

Although by way of example the turbine has been described as having the shaft rotated clockwise, it will be understood that the blades may be so set as to impart counterclockwise rotation to the shaft if desired.

From the above description it is thought that the construction and operation of the invention will be fully understood without further explana- What is claimed is: 1. A hydraulic turbine formed of superposed casing sections, rotary spiral blades and stationary spiral blades in alternate sections, a turbine shaft connected integrally with said rotary blades,

the uppermost section of said sections having a plurality of ports for distributing and directing water into the lower sections, gates controlling the ports of said uppermost section, individual motors controlled means responsive to speed of the turbine shaft for reversing the motors to raise and lower the gates.

2. A hydraulic turbine formed of superposed casing sections, the upper of said sections having a plurality of ports for distributing and directing water into the lower sections, each of the sections below said upper sections housing rotary spiral blades and having stationary rectifying blades adjustable gates controlling the ports in said upper section, and means controlled by the speed of the turbine shaft for effecting the adjustment of said motor operated gates.

3. A hydraulic turbine comprising inner and outer cylinders, stationary spiral blades on the outer cylinder, rotary spiral blades on the inner cylinder spaced in a rectilinear vertical direction from the stationary blades and having their upper leading ends reversely curved to receive water laterally from the stationary blades, a shaft integrally connected with the inner cylinder and r0- tated thereby, a plurality of entrance ports in the outer cylinder adapted to distribute and direct water into the space between the cylinders, and gates adjustably mounted on the outer casing to control the flow of Water through the ports.

4. A hydraulic turbine including superposed sections or units, each unit including inner and outer casings, stationary blades secured to the outer casing, rotary blades secured to the inner casing, a turbine shaft integrally associated with the rotary blades, the water striking the first series of rotary blades and imparting rotation to the turbine shaft and being straightened or rectified by the stationary blades to strike the next series of movable blades at an efficient angle to impart an additional impulse, an annular base carried by the lowermost section or unit, a spider carried by said base, a turbine shaft supported by said spider, spiders on the shaft above the shaft supporting spider and integrally connected with said rotary blades for rotating the shaft, a funnel shaped closure sleeved on the shaft and carried by the uppermost section or unit, a plurality of ports in the uppermost section or unit disposed laterally of the funnel shaped closure for distributing the water admitted to the turbine, said closure directing. the water from the ports downwardly through the blades at a distance laterally from the rotary shaft, and means for controlling said ports.

5. In a hydraulic turbine, superposed units detachably connected together, spiders on certain of the units, a shaft extending upwardly through the spiders and fixed thereto, spiral blades on the spiders having reversely curved leading ends, stationary blades on certain of the units inclined reversely with respect to the rotary blades and adapted to strike Water gravitating from the rotary blades and discharge the same against said curved upper ends to impart initial impulse there to prior to the weight of the water gravitating on the blades imparting rotation of the blades and to the shaft, a plurality of ports in the uppermost unit for distributing the water admitted to the turbine, vertically sliding gates controlling said ports, electric motors for adjusting the gates, a centrifugal governor on said shaft, circuits for the motors, a switch for reversing the flow of current through the motors for reversing the motors, and a connection between said governor and said switch for actuating the switch.

' JOSEPH P. SEATON."