US2114490A - Emulsion - Google Patents
Emulsion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2114490A US2114490A US165901A US16590137A US2114490A US 2114490 A US2114490 A US 2114490A US 165901 A US165901 A US 165901A US 16590137 A US16590137 A US 16590137A US 2114490 A US2114490 A US 2114490A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hydrophillic
- water
- oleaginous
- lipins
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- -1 lard Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008271 cosmetic emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960002737 fructose Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004264 Petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008294 cold cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008278 cosmetic cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940066842 petrolatum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoic acid 3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)CC1 HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluorobutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(F)(F)F BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N Abietic acid Natural products CC(C)C1=CC2=CC[C@]3(C)[C@](C)(CCC[C@@]3(C)C(=O)O)[C@H]2CC1 BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000331231 Amorphocerini gen. n. 1 DAD-2008 Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N D-arabinitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)C(O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-mannomethylose Natural products CC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N L-rhamnopyranose Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-rhamnose Natural products CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DLNVAZHJOBAZOT-UHFFFAOYSA-M [OH-].[K+].C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O.OCC(O)CO Chemical compound [OH-].[K+].C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O.OCC(O)CO DLNVAZHJOBAZOT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-GUCUJZIJSA-N galactitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-GUCUJZIJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CKQVRZJOMJRTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound OCC(O)CO.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O CKQVRZJOMJRTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008132 rose water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004043 trisaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003871 white petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D7/00—Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines
- A23D7/01—Other fatty acid esters, e.g. phosphatides
- A23D7/011—Compositions other than spreads
Definitions
- My invention relates to water-oil emulsions and processes of producing the same.
- the present invention is a continuation in part of my prior application Serial No. 709,022, filed January 30,
- oleomargarine which is essentially an emulsion of oils and fats and water with finely subdivided clotted casein as the emulsify'ing agent
- vanishing cream which is stearlc acid emulsified with potassium or sodium soap in water
- cold creams which are essentially emulsions of oleaginous materials with soap and water
- certain types of furniture polishes which likewise are emulsions of various kinds of oils, among them mineral oil and turpentine and water or other aqueous liquid with a suitable emulsifying agent
- bread doughs and cake batters etc.
- emulsions are generally made of vegetable, animal and/or mineral oils and fats, depending upon the nature of the emulsion, which are for all practical purposes immiscible with water and/or aqueous liquids.
- substances of a class which I term hydrophillic lipins, however, and which contain free OH groups such emulsions are stabilized by the emulsifying action of the hydrophillic lipin and greatly improved results are obtained.
- One of the principal objects of my invention is to stabilize emulsions of this general character.
- emulsions of the general character described above, as well as other emulsions comprising oleaginous and fatty materials and water or aqueous liquids may be appreciably improved by the introduction of a proportion of certain types of materials, which I designate as hydrophillic lipins and which are described in V
- the oleaginous substance may be entirely replaced by hydrophillic lipins.
- my hydrophilliclipins and the oleaginous substances 55 used heretofore in water and oil emulsions are distinctly immiscible with water, are not readily wetted by water to any appreciable extent and do not show the aflinity for water which characterize, in part, my hydrophillic lipins.
- the hydrophillic properties of my lipins manifest themselves by capacity, in varying degrees, to imbibe water, to be wetted by water and to foam or froth with water. It is common knowledge to those skilled in the art that the fats and oils heretofore used are, generally speaking, notably deficient in this capacity.
- my hydrophillic lipins are characterized by the presence ofa group of moderately high molecular weight, say, from about six car- 20 bons up, and of predominantly oleaginous or hydrocarbon characteristics, which imparts the strictly oleaginous character to a portion of the hydrophillic lipin molecule and another group, or association of groups, with at least one unesterified hydroxy group attached to carbon and with distinctly hydrophillic characteristics; that is, a group which imparts to the molecule as a whole a certain degree of affinity for water and aqueous media not possessed by the oleaginous materials such as linseed oil, lard, petrolatum, soya bean oil, etc., heretofore used in water and oil emul-' sions.
- a group of moderately high molecular weight say, from about six car- 20 bons up
- oleaginous or hydrocarbon characteristics which imparts the strictly oleaginous character to a portion of the hydrophillic lipin molecule and another group,
- hydrophillic lipins which are of value are:
- Mono-olelc acid ester of sucrose 2. Mono-lauric acid ester of dextrose 3. Mono-stearic acid ester of fructose 4. Mono-stearic acid ester of mannitol v 5. Coconut oil mixed fatty acid mono-esters ofmaltose 6. Di-palmitic acid ester of sucrose '7. Mono-ricinoleic acid ester of levulose 8. Mono-lauric acid ester of sorbitol 9. Di-caproic acid ester of maltose l0. Mono-lauric acid ester of mannitol 11. Mono-oleic acid ester of mannitol l2.
- Mono-oleic acid ester of sorbitol I may employ various sugars and sugar alcohols as polyhydroxy substances, which may be partially esterifled with higher aliphatic or fatty acids to produce the hydrophilliclipins which I employ in accordance with the principles of my invention.
- sugars include the monosaccharides, di-
- saccharldes trisaccharides and the like among which are specifically sucrose, dextrose, galactose,
- lactose maltose, mannose, levulose, xylose, arabinose, rhamnose and rafhnose.
- sugar alcohols are mannitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, arabitol and the like.
- the higher molecular weight aliphatic and fatty acids with which the sugars and sugar alcohols are partially esterified include the following: caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, saturated and unsaturated higher aliphatic acids such as the higher fatty acids containing preferably from twelve to eighteen carbon atoms and including stearic acid, oleic acid, ricinoleic acid,
- naphthenic acid and hydroaromatic acids such as abietic acid and the like.
- the lard may be advantageously replaced by 200 grams of mono-oleic acid ester of sucrose.
- saponification of the stearic acid with the ammonia is carried out first, after which the lipin is introduced; in other respects, the usual procedure for making a face cream of this type may be followed.
- Another example of my invention may be carried out in the manufacture of vanishing cream as follows:
- monostearyl glucose is more hydrophillic and a better emulsifying agent than distearyl glucose
- hydrophillic lipins are limited to the particular substances specifically named in this specification by way of example.
- Other organic water-soluble polyhydroxy substances may be used, in which one or more than one hydroxyl is converted into an ester group with a high molecular weight fatty acid or derivative thereof having at least six carbon atoms, and preferably twelve to eighteen carbon atoms, there being at least one and preferably several free or unesterlfied hydroxyl groups attached to the polyhydroxy nucleus.
- my hydrophillic lipins may also be used for the manufacture of furniture polishes, mineral oil, turpentine and water emulsions and other ole-' aginous emulsions containing animal and vegetable fats and oils such as corn oil, cottonseed oil, marine oils, tung oil, oleo oil, beef stearine, lard, soy bean oil, linseed oil, and mineral oils such as liquid parafiin, kerosene, petrolatum, and oleaginous substances such as turpentine, etc.
- animal and vegetable fats and oils such as corn oil, cottonseed oil, marine oils, tung oil, oleo oil, beef stearine, lard, soy bean oil, linseed oil, and mineral oils such as liquid parafiin, kerosene, petrolatum, and oleaginous substances such as turpentine, etc.
- the propor tions of the hydrophillic lipins employed in the emulsions are variable, this depending upon the exactnature of the emulsiomthe potency of the particular hydrophillic lipin selected, and the specific results desired.
- the proportions may range from a fraction of 1% to at least several percent. For example, from about V41 to about 5% based on the weight of. the emulsion as a whole, is usually satisfactory.
- An emulsion comprising oleaginous material, aqueous material and a hydrophillic lipin of a class consisting of higher fatty acid esters of sugars and war alcohols, said lipins containing at least one unesterified sugar or sugar alcohol y I P- 2.
- An emulsion comprising oleaginous mate rial, aqueous material, and a proportion of a higher molecular weight aliphatic acid ester of the class of sugar alcohols consisting of mannitol and sorbitol, said ester containing at least one free sugar alcoholhydroxy. group.
- An emulsion comprising oleaginous material, aqueous material, and a proportion of a higher molecular weight fatty acid ester of the 5.
- a cosmetic emulsion containing oleaginousmaterial, aqueous material and a hydrophillic lipin of a class consisting of higher fatty acid esters of sugars and sugar alcohols, said lipins oontaining at least one unesterified'sugar or sugar alcohol hydroxy group.
- An emulsion comprising oleaginous material, aqueous material, alkaline material, and a hydrophillic lipin of a class consisting of higher molecular aliphatic acid esters of the class consisting of sugars and sugar alcohols, said lipins containing at least one unesterified sugar or sugar alcohol hydroxy group.
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Description
, 50 greater detail hereinafter.
Patented Apr. 19, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT o1=1=1c1z Benjamin ar:i :hicago, 111.
No Drawing. Application September 2'7, 1987,
Serial No. 165,901
11 Claims.
My invention relates to water-oil emulsions and processes of producing the same. The present invention is a continuation in part of my prior application Serial No. 709,022, filed January 30,
1934, which, in turn, is a division of nrv prior application Serial No. 431,964, filed February 27, 1930, which has issued as Patent No. 2,109,842. In the art of making water-in-oil emulsions and oil-ln-water emulsions, it is customary to bring the ingredients into intimate contact with each other by shaking, agitating, beating, homogenizing, grinding, working in a colloid mill or using some other means for the purpose of subdividing the disperse phase in intimate contact with the continuous phase, and, generally speaking, in the presence of a. suitable emulsifying agent.
Some of the better known emulsions of this kind are, for example, oleomargarine, which is essentially an emulsion of oils and fats and water with finely subdivided clotted casein as the emulsify'ing agent; vanishing cream, which is stearlc acid emulsified with potassium or sodium soap in water; cold creams which are essentially emulsions of oleaginous materials with soap and water; certain types of furniture polishes, which likewise are emulsions of various kinds of oils, among them mineral oil and turpentine and water or other aqueous liquid with a suitable emulsifying agent; bread doughs and cake batters, etc.
The above emulsions are generally made of vegetable, animal and/or mineral oils and fats, depending upon the nature of the emulsion, which are for all practical purposes immiscible with water and/or aqueous liquids. By the addition of substances of a class which I term hydrophillic lipins, however, and which contain free OH groups, such emulsions are stabilized by the emulsifying action of the hydrophillic lipin and greatly improved results are obtained.
- One of the principal objects of my invention is to stabilize emulsions of this general character. I have found that emulsions of the general character described above, as well as other emulsions comprising oleaginous and fatty materials and water or aqueous liquids, may be appreciably improved by the introduction of a proportion of certain types of materials, which I designate as hydrophillic lipins and which are described in V In certain cases, if desired, the oleaginous substance may be entirely replaced by hydrophillic lipins.
One of the principal differences between my hydrophilliclipins and the oleaginous substances 55 used heretofore in water and oil emulsions is that my substances have a more or less marked affinity for water and aqueous liquids, whereas, the oleaginous substances used heretofore, such as corn oil, cottonseed oil, various marine oils, linseed oil, tung oil, oleo oil, beef stearlne, turpentine, liquid 5 paraflln, etc., are distinctly immiscible with water, are not readily wetted by water to any appreciable extent and do not show the aflinity for water which characterize, in part, my hydrophillic lipins.
Generally speaking, the hydrophillic properties of my lipins manifest themselves by capacity, in varying degrees, to imbibe water, to be wetted by water and to foam or froth with water. It is common knowledge to those skilled in the art that the fats and oils heretofore used are, generally speaking, notably deficient in this capacity.
In general, my hydrophillic lipins are characterized by the presence ofa group of moderately high molecular weight, say, from about six car- 20 bons up, and of predominantly oleaginous or hydrocarbon characteristics, which imparts the strictly oleaginous character to a portion of the hydrophillic lipin molecule and another group, or association of groups, with at least one unesterified hydroxy group attached to carbon and with distinctly hydrophillic characteristics; that is, a group which imparts to the molecule as a whole a certain degree of affinity for water and aqueous media not possessed by the oleaginous materials such as linseed oil, lard, petrolatum, soya bean oil, etc., heretofore used in water and oil emul-' sions.
Among the hydrophillic lipins which are of value are:
l. Mono-olelc acid ester of sucrose 2. Mono-lauric acid ester of dextrose 3. Mono-stearic acid ester of fructose 4. Mono-stearic acid ester of mannitol v 5. Coconut oil mixed fatty acid mono-esters ofmaltose 6. Di-palmitic acid ester of sucrose '7. Mono-ricinoleic acid ester of levulose 8. Mono-lauric acid ester of sorbitol 9. Di-caproic acid ester of maltose l0. Mono-lauric acid ester of mannitol 11. Mono-oleic acid ester of mannitol l2. Mono-oleic acid ester of sorbitol I may employ various sugars and sugar alcohols as polyhydroxy substances, which may be partially esterifled with higher aliphatic or fatty acids to produce the hydrophilliclipins which I employ in accordance with the principles of my invention. These sugars include the monosaccharides, di-
saccharldes, trisaccharides and the like among which are specifically sucrose, dextrose, galactose,
lactose, maltose, mannose, levulose, xylose, arabinose, rhamnose and rafhnose. Among the sugar alcohols are mannitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, arabitol and the like.
The higher molecular weight aliphatic and fatty acids with which the sugars and sugar alcohols are partially esterified include the following: caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, saturated and unsaturated higher aliphatic acids such as the higher fatty acids containing preferably from twelve to eighteen carbon atoms and including stearic acid, oleic acid, ricinoleic acid,
naphthenic acid and hydroaromatic acids such as abietic acid and the like.
In cosmetic cream formulae where lanolin is used, it is possible in some cases to entirely replace and in most cases, to partially substitute my hydrophillic lipins for said lanolin and the same is true in cosmetic formulae where beeswax is normally employed.
In cosmetic cold cream formulae, which contain I a proportion of white vaseline or oils or fats, a part of the fatty ingredient may be substituted with the hydrophillic lipin to give desirable results. Thus, for example, in. the following formula:
Stearic acid grams Lard dn Ammonia water (sp. gr. 0.880);
cubic centimeters- Distilled water do Scent The lard may be advantageously replaced by 200 grams of mono-oleic acid ester of sucrose. When this change is made, the saponification of the stearic acid with the ammonia is carried out first, after which the lipin is introduced; in other respects, the usual procedure for making a face cream of this type may be followed.
Another example of my invention may be carried out in the manufacture of vanishing cream as follows:
Grams 1500 300 Rosewater Glycerine Stearic acid Potassium hydroxide 12 Monostearic acid ester of fructose 80 The ingredients, exclusive of the lipins, are warmed to saponlfy the stearic acid and agitated together in the usual order and manner by means of a suitable stirring apparatus. Finally, while still warm, the hydrophillic lipin is added to the mixture with stirring. -A suitable amount of coloring and scent material may be added; other ingredients also may be added, such as starch, zinc oxide, and other medicaments.
It will seem that one outstanding characteristic of the constitutional structure of my hydrophillic lipins is that the fatty character of the otherwise oleaginous molecule is partly offset and attenuated by the presence of hydrophillic hydrou groups attached to carbon.
I have found that the degree of the attenuation of the oleaginous characteristics is by no means, the same in different hydrophillic lipins,
' but varies, first, with the number and character of the free hydroxyl groups present, and, second, with the mass and character of the oleaginous group or groups. Thus, for example, monostearyl glucose is more hydrophillic and a better emulsifying agent than distearyl glucose,
in view of the fact that the former has four free hydroxy groups, whereas the latter has only three free hydroxy groups.
It is by no means to be understood that my hydrophillic lipins are limited to the particular substances specifically named in this specification by way of example. Other organic water-soluble polyhydroxy substances may be used, in which one or more than one hydroxyl is converted into an ester group with a high molecular weight fatty acid or derivative thereof having at least six carbon atoms, and preferably twelve to eighteen carbon atoms, there being at least one and preferably several free or unesterlfied hydroxyl groups attached to the polyhydroxy nucleus.
Besides themanufacture of cosmetic creams, my hydrophillic lipins may also be used for the manufacture of furniture polishes, mineral oil, turpentine and water emulsions and other ole-' aginous emulsions containing animal and vegetable fats and oils such as corn oil, cottonseed oil, marine oils, tung oil, oleo oil, beef stearine, lard, soy bean oil, linseed oil, and mineral oils such as liquid parafiin, kerosene, petrolatum, and oleaginous substances such as turpentine, etc.
It will,0f course, be appreciated that the propor tions of the hydrophillic lipins employed in the emulsions are variable, this depending upon the exactnature of the emulsiomthe potency of the particular hydrophillic lipin selected, and the specific results desired. In general, the proportions may range from a fraction of 1% to at least several percent. For example, from about V41 to about 5% based on the weight of. the emulsion as a whole, is usually satisfactory.
Wherever the term "higher" or higher molecular weight" is employed herein, it will be understoodtomeanatleastaixcarbon atomsunles otherwise specifically stated.
What I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. An emulsion comprising oleaginous material, aqueous material and a hydrophillic lipin of a class consisting of higher fatty acid esters of sugars and war alcohols, said lipins containing at least one unesterified sugar or sugar alcohol y I P- 2. An emulsion comprising oleaginous mate rial, aqueous material, and a proportion of a higher molecular weight aliphatic acid ester of the class of sugar alcohols consisting of mannitol and sorbitol, said ester containing at least one free sugar alcoholhydroxy. group.
3. An emulsion comprising oleaginous material, aqueous material, and a proportion of a higher molecular weight fatty acid ester of the 5. A cosmetic emulsion containing oleaginousmaterial, aqueous material and a hydrophillic lipin of a class consisting of higher fatty acid esters of sugars and sugar alcohols, said lipins oontaining at least one unesterified'sugar or sugar alcohol hydroxy group.
6. A cosmetic emulsion containing oleaginous material, aqueous material, and a proportion of a 8. A cosmetic emulsion containing oleaginous material, aqueous material, and a proportion of a higher molecular weight fatty acid ester of a sugar alcohol of the class consisting of mannitol and sorbitol, said ester containing at least one free sugar alcohol hydroxy group.
9. An emulsion comprising oleaginous material, aqueous material, alkaline material, and a hydrophillic lipin of a class consisting of higher molecular aliphatic acid esters of the class consisting of sugars and sugar alcohols, said lipins containing at least one unesterified sugar or sugar alcohol hydroxy group.
10. A cosmetic emulsion containing oleaginous material, aqueous material, soap, and a hydrophillic lipin of a class consisting of higher fatty acid esters of sugars and sugar alcohols, said lipins containing at least one unesterified sugar or sugar alcohol hydroxy group.
11. A cosmetic emulsion containing oleaginous material, aqueous material, soap, and a proportion of a higher molecular weight aliphatic acid ester of the class of sugar alcohols consisting of mannitol and sorbitol, said ester containing at 20 least one free sugar alcohol hydroxy group.
BENJAMIN R. HARRIS.
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US165901A US2114490A (en) | 1937-09-27 | 1937-09-27 | Emulsion |
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Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2776268A (en) * | 1952-10-18 | 1957-01-01 | Best Foods Inc | Leather paste polish containing wax and a monoglyceride |
US3516833A (en) * | 1963-01-26 | 1970-06-23 | Agfa Ag | Photographic material containing a hydrophilic colloid and a sucrose ester |
USB370706I5 (en) * | 1970-06-17 | 1975-01-28 | ||
US3867301A (en) * | 1971-09-11 | 1975-02-18 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | Detergent compositions |
US3914458A (en) * | 1972-07-21 | 1975-10-21 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | Edible water in oil emulsion and method for preparing the same |
US3919430A (en) * | 1974-01-28 | 1975-11-11 | Akzona Inc | Water absorption base |
US3926840A (en) * | 1972-08-21 | 1975-12-16 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Emulsifiers of water-in-oil creams |
US3939290A (en) * | 1972-07-21 | 1976-02-17 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Water in oil emulsion |
US4254105A (en) * | 1975-10-11 | 1981-03-03 | The Lion Dentifrice Co., Ltd. | Multiple emulsion having a form of water/oil/water phase and process for preparation thereof, and multiple emulsion type cosmetics |
US4379755A (en) * | 1978-08-10 | 1983-04-12 | Nihon Surfactant Industry Co., Ltd. | Gelatinizing agent composition, and gel and aqueous emulsion prepared therefrom |
US4826702A (en) * | 1986-06-17 | 1989-05-02 | Q.P. Corporation | separate type dressing |
US20090176876A1 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-07-09 | Jr Chem, Llc | Compositions, kits and regimens for the treatment of skin, especially decolletage |
US7687650B2 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2010-03-30 | Jr Chem, Llc | Chemical compositions and methods of making them |
US7867522B2 (en) | 2006-09-28 | 2011-01-11 | Jr Chem, Llc | Method of wound/burn healing using copper-zinc compositions |
US7897800B2 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2011-03-01 | Jr Chem, Llc | Chemical compositions and methods of making them |
US7927614B2 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2011-04-19 | Jr Chem, Llc | Anti-aging treatment using copper and zinc compositions |
US8952057B2 (en) | 2011-01-11 | 2015-02-10 | Jr Chem, Llc | Compositions for anorectal use and methods for treating anorectal disorders |
EP2172263A4 (en) * | 2007-07-02 | 2015-08-05 | Nisshin Oillio Group Ltd | W/o/w emulsion composition |
US9427397B2 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2016-08-30 | Obagi Medical Products, Inc. | Rosacea treatments and kits for performing them |
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1937
- 1937-09-27 US US165901A patent/US2114490A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2776268A (en) * | 1952-10-18 | 1957-01-01 | Best Foods Inc | Leather paste polish containing wax and a monoglyceride |
US3516833A (en) * | 1963-01-26 | 1970-06-23 | Agfa Ag | Photographic material containing a hydrophilic colloid and a sucrose ester |
USB370706I5 (en) * | 1970-06-17 | 1975-01-28 | ||
US3925242A (en) * | 1970-06-17 | 1975-12-09 | Rhone Poulenc Sa | Process for reducing foaming of liquids susceptible to foaming |
US3867301A (en) * | 1971-09-11 | 1975-02-18 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | Detergent compositions |
US3914458A (en) * | 1972-07-21 | 1975-10-21 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | Edible water in oil emulsion and method for preparing the same |
US3939290A (en) * | 1972-07-21 | 1976-02-17 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Water in oil emulsion |
US3926840A (en) * | 1972-08-21 | 1975-12-16 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Emulsifiers of water-in-oil creams |
US3919430A (en) * | 1974-01-28 | 1975-11-11 | Akzona Inc | Water absorption base |
US4254105A (en) * | 1975-10-11 | 1981-03-03 | The Lion Dentifrice Co., Ltd. | Multiple emulsion having a form of water/oil/water phase and process for preparation thereof, and multiple emulsion type cosmetics |
US4379755A (en) * | 1978-08-10 | 1983-04-12 | Nihon Surfactant Industry Co., Ltd. | Gelatinizing agent composition, and gel and aqueous emulsion prepared therefrom |
US4826702A (en) * | 1986-06-17 | 1989-05-02 | Q.P. Corporation | separate type dressing |
US7687650B2 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2010-03-30 | Jr Chem, Llc | Chemical compositions and methods of making them |
US7897800B2 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2011-03-01 | Jr Chem, Llc | Chemical compositions and methods of making them |
US7927614B2 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2011-04-19 | Jr Chem, Llc | Anti-aging treatment using copper and zinc compositions |
US8148563B2 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2012-04-03 | Jr Chem, Llc | Chemical compositions and methods of making them |
US7867522B2 (en) | 2006-09-28 | 2011-01-11 | Jr Chem, Llc | Method of wound/burn healing using copper-zinc compositions |
EP2172263A4 (en) * | 2007-07-02 | 2015-08-05 | Nisshin Oillio Group Ltd | W/o/w emulsion composition |
US20090176876A1 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-07-09 | Jr Chem, Llc | Compositions, kits and regimens for the treatment of skin, especially decolletage |
US8273791B2 (en) | 2008-01-04 | 2012-09-25 | Jr Chem, Llc | Compositions, kits and regimens for the treatment of skin, especially décolletage |
US8505730B2 (en) | 2008-01-04 | 2013-08-13 | Jr Chem, Llc | Compositions, kits and regimens for the treatment of skin, especially décolletage |
US9427397B2 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2016-08-30 | Obagi Medical Products, Inc. | Rosacea treatments and kits for performing them |
US8952057B2 (en) | 2011-01-11 | 2015-02-10 | Jr Chem, Llc | Compositions for anorectal use and methods for treating anorectal disorders |
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