US2112237A - Treatment of artificial filaments, yarns, foils, films and the like containing organic derivatives of cellulose - Google Patents

Treatment of artificial filaments, yarns, foils, films and the like containing organic derivatives of cellulose Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2112237A
US2112237A US71455A US7145536A US2112237A US 2112237 A US2112237 A US 2112237A US 71455 A US71455 A US 71455A US 7145536 A US7145536 A US 7145536A US 2112237 A US2112237 A US 2112237A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
materials
softening
cellulose
foils
medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US71455A
Inventor
Dreyfus Henry
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henry Dreyfuss Associates LLC
Original Assignee
Henry Dreyfuss Associates LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henry Dreyfuss Associates LLC filed Critical Henry Dreyfuss Associates LLC
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2112237A publication Critical patent/US2112237A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/165—Ethers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in the treatment of artificial filaments, yarns, foils, films and similar materials having a basis of cellulose acetate or other organic derivative of cellulose and particularly to improvements in processes for stretching such materials while they are softened by means of organic softening agents.
  • artificial filaments, threads, yarns, foils, films and similar materials having a basis of cellulose acetate or other organic derivative of cellulose are softened by means of an acidic medium comprising a neutral organic softening agent and an acidic softening agent and are stretched while in the softened condition.
  • neutral organic softening agents which may be employed are for example diacetone alcohol.
  • acetone, dioxane, the'monoand di-ethers of olefine glycols and polyolefine glycols e. g. the monoand di-methyl and monoand di-ethyl ethers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and the mono-ethyl ether of di-ethylene glycol, the esters and ether-esters of olefine glycols and polyolefine glycols, e. g.
  • the softening medium may contain mixtures of such neutral softening agents in addition to the acidic softening agent.
  • Acidic softening agents suitable for the purpose of this invention are, for example, softening agents which are lower aliphatic acids, e. g. formic acid, acetic acid and lactic acid. Mixtures of acidic softening agents may be employed.
  • the neutral and acidic softening agents will be present in the softening medium in solution in a suitable diluent which is inert towards the materials treated.
  • such diluent is water or a watermiscible liquid, e. g. an alcohol, though waterimmiscible liquids, e. g. benzene, toluene and other hydrocarbons, may be employed.
  • a watermiscible liquid e. g. an alcohol
  • waterimmiscible liquids e. g. benzene, toluene and other hydrocarbons
  • the softening medium employed contains a high proportion of neutral softening agent and a relatively low proportion of acidic softening agent.
  • the proportion of neutral softening agent may be 25-65%, and preferably 40-55%, of the softening medium and the proportion of acidic softening agent may be 2 or 5 up to about 19% of the softening medium.
  • an aqueous softening medium containing 44-48% of dioxane and 2-5% of acetic acid may be employed.
  • the stretching operation may be applied to artificial filaments and other materials during the application ofthe softening medium thereto or it may be delayed until the full softening action of the medium on the materials is produced.
  • Artificial filaments, threads and similar materials may be softened and stretched while they are in the form of hanks or other suitable packages.
  • the softening medium is applied to the artificial materials by passing them through a bath of the medium.
  • the medium may be applied by other methods as for example by passing the materials through a vessel containing the medium in the form of vapour under normal or super-atmospheric pressure, by spraying the materials with the medium, or by passing the materials in contact with rollers, wicks or other devices supplied with the medium, e. g. by spraying with the medium rollers over which the materials pass in travelling from one point to another.
  • the stretching operation may be efiectecl at normal atmospheric temperatures or at temperatures below or above atmospheric temperature. e. g. at 50 or 70 C., depending on the strength and nature of the softening medium applied to the materials and the degree of stretch which it is desired to effect.
  • the stretching operation may be carried out in a single stage or in a plurality of stages and in the latter case the stages may follow directly after one another or, as described in U. S. application S. No. 573,424 filed 6th November 1931, rest" stages during which the materials are not stretched may be interposed between any two stages of stretching.
  • the stretching may be applied to single filaments or threads or may be applied to a plurality of such filaments or threads simultaneously, e. g. to a plurality of filaments or threads arranged in warp formation, as described in U. S. application S. No. 602,844 filed 2nd April 1932.
  • Artificial filaments, foils and like mateacid and 50% water.
  • rials may be stretched longitudinally and/or laterally or a longitudinal stretch may be combined with a lateral tension suflicient only to prevent lateral shrinkage of the foils due to the longitudinal tension.
  • U. S. applications S. Nos. 666,655 and 666,656 both filed 18th April 1933.
  • Artificial filaments, threads and similar materials may be stretched according to the present invention to a comparatively low degree, e. g. to -200% of their original length or to aconsiderably greater extent, e. g. to 400-600% of their original length or even more.
  • a comparatively low degree e. g. to -200% of their original length or to aconsiderably greater extent, e. g. to 400-600% of their original length or even more.
  • foils and similar materials lower degrees of stretch are in general more suitable.
  • the softening medium remaining in the materials after the stretching operation may, if sufficiently volatile, be removed by evaporation.
  • the medium may also be removed by washing the materials with a. dilute alkaline medium in order to neutralize the acidic softening agent.
  • the materials may be washed with dilute solutions of sodium carbonate or ammonia.
  • the softening medium may be removed from the materials by washing them with washing media containing softening agents for the base of the materials in successively decreasing concentrations, then with dilute alkali and finally with water. In this way the lustre of the materials may be better preserved.
  • the materials stretched according to the present invention may be subjected to other aftertreatment processes, either prior or subsequent to the stretching operation, and such processes may be carried out either continuously with the stretching operation or separately therefrom.
  • artificial yarns may be stretched according to the present invention and then subjected to a shrinking operation, for example by passing them through a solution of methylene chloride in benzene, or to saponiflcation with an inorganic or organic base.
  • suitable shrinking processes are given in U. .8. application S. No. 611,240 filed 13th May 1932 while U. S. applications S. Nos.
  • Example A plurality of cellulose acetate threads are taken from a creel of bobbins and, by passage over guide rollers and through a reed, are arranged in warp formation, i. e. in the form of a sheet of substantially parallel threads. While in this formation the threads are passed round a feed roller, and thence through a bath of softening medium comprising 46% dioxane, 4% acetic The threads issuing from the bath are led round a draw roller and thence to suitable washing and drying apparatus and are finally rewound on bobbins. The draw roller is rotated so that its peripheral speed is three times as great as the peripheral speed of the feed roller, so'that between such rollers the materials are stretched to 300% of their original length.
  • the process of the present invention is of particular value in the stretching of artificial filaments, yarns, foils, films and similar materials containing cellulose acetate, but it may also be employed in the stretching of such materials containing other organic derivatives of cellulose, for example cellulose formate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose nitroacetate and other esters or mixed esters'of cellulose, cellulose ethers or mixed ethers, for example methyl, ethyl and benzyl cellulose, and cellulose etheresters, for example ethyl cellulose acetate and oxy-ethyl cellulose acetate.
  • other organic derivatives of cellulose for example cellulose formate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose nitroacetate and other esters or mixed esters'of cellulose, cellulose ethers or mixed ethers, for example methyl, ethyl and benzyl cellulose, and cellulose etheresters, for example ethyl cellulose a
  • Process for the treatment of artificial filaments, threads, yarns, films, foils and similar materials having a basis cellulose which comprises softening such materials by treatment with an acidic softening medium comprising a' high proportion of a neutral organic softening agent and up to 10% of an organic acidic softening agent and subjecting the softened materials to a stretching operation.
  • Process for the treatment of artificial filaments, threads, yarns, films, foils and similar materials having a basis of cellulose acetate which comprises softening such materials by treatment with an acidic softening medium comprising a high proportion of a neutral organic softening agent and up to 10% of an organic acidic softening agent and subjecting the softened materials to a stretching operation.
  • Process for the treatment of artificial filaments, threads, yarns, films, foils and similar materials having a basis of organic derivatives of cellulose which comprises softening such materials by treatment with an acidic softening medium comprising 25 to 65% of a neutral organic softening agent and up to 10% of an organic acidic softening agent and softened materials to a stretching operation.
  • Process for the treatment of artificial filaments, threads, yarns, films, foils and similar materials having a basis of cellulose acetate which comprises softening such materials by treatment with an acidic softening medium comprising 40 to 55% of a neutral organic softening agent and 2 to 5% of an organic acidic softening agent and subjecting the softened materials to a stretching operation.
  • Process for the treatment of artificial filaments, threads, yarns, films, foils and similar materials having a basis of cellulose acetate which comprises softening such materials by treatment with anaqueous acidic softening medium comprising 25 to 65% of a neutral organic softening agent and 2 to 5% of an organic acidic softening agent and stretching the softened materials to more than 200% of their original length.
  • Process for the treatment of artificial filaments, threads, yarns, films, foils and similar materials having a basis of cellulose acetate which comprises softening such materials by treatment with an aqueous acidic softening medium comprising 40 to 55% of a neutral organic softening agent and 2 to 5% of an acidic softening agent selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, formic acid and lactic acid and stretching the softened materials to more than 200% of their original length.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Description

Patented Mar. 29, 1938 UNITED STATES TREATIHENT OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, YARNS, FOILS, FILMS AND THE LIKE CON TAINING ORGANIC DERIVATIVES 0F GEL- LULOSE Henry Dreyfus, London, England No Drawing. Application March 28, 1936, derial No. 71,455. In Great Britain April 3, 1935 6 Claims.
This invention relates to improvements in the treatment of artificial filaments, yarns, foils, films and similar materials having a basis of cellulose acetate or other organic derivative of cellulose and particularly to improvements in processes for stretching such materials while they are softened by means of organic softening agents. This application is a continuation in part of my application S. No. 378,684 filed July 16, 1929.
It has now been discovered that improved results in the stretching of artificial filaments, yarns, foils, films and similar materials having a basis of organic derivatives of cellulose, particularly with respect to the tensile strength of the products and the smoothness or regularity with which the stretching takes place, may be obtained by softening the materials by means of a medium comprising both a neutral organic softening agent for the materials and an acidic softening agent for the materials, ,so that the softening medium as a whole is acidic.
According to the present invention, therefore, artificial filaments, threads, yarns, foils, films and similar materials having a basis of cellulose acetate or other organic derivative of cellulose are softened by means of an acidic medium comprising a neutral organic softening agent and an acidic softening agent and are stretched while in the softened condition.
Among neutral organic softening agents which may be employed are for example diacetone alcohol. acetone, dioxane, the'monoand di-ethers of olefine glycols and polyolefine glycols, e. g. the monoand di-methyl and monoand di-ethyl ethers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and the mono-ethyl ether of di-ethylene glycol, the esters and ether-esters of olefine glycols and polyolefine glycols, e. g. glycol mono-acetate and methyl glycol mono-acetate, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, mono-, diand tri-acetins, dichlorethylene, methylene chloride and the like. The softening medium may contain mixtures of such neutral softening agents in addition to the acidic softening agent. Acidic softening agents suitable for the purpose of this invention are, for example, softening agents which are lower aliphatic acids, e. g. formic acid, acetic acid and lactic acid. Mixtures of acidic softening agents may be employed. In general the neutral and acidic softening agents will be present in the softening medium in solution in a suitable diluent which is inert towards the materials treated. Preferably such diluent is water or a watermiscible liquid, e. g. an alcohol, though waterimmiscible liquids, e. g. benzene, toluene and other hydrocarbons, may be employed.
Preferably the softening medium employed contains a high proportion of neutral softening agent and a relatively low proportion of acidic softening agent. Thus the proportion of neutral softening agent may be 25-65%, and preferably 40-55%, of the softening medium and the proportion of acidic softening agent may be 2 or 5 up to about 19% of the softening medium. For ex ample, an aqueous softening medium containing 44-48% of dioxane and 2-5% of acetic acid may be employed.
The stretching operation may be applied to artificial filaments and other materials during the application ofthe softening medium thereto or it may be delayed until the full softening action of the medium on the materials is produced. Artificial filaments, threads and similar materials may be softened and stretched while they are in the form of hanks or other suitable packages. Preferably, however, the softening and stretching of both these materials and also of artificial films, foils and similar materials is carried out during the course of the travel of the materials from "one point to another, e. g. in the case of artificial filaments, threads and similar materials during their transfer from one bobbin to an-= other or during their travel from a spinning machine, or a cake or similar package, to a bobbin.
Preferably the softening medium is applied to the artificial materials by passing them through a bath of the medium. However, the medium may be applied by other methods as for example by passing the materials through a vessel containing the medium in the form of vapour under normal or super-atmospheric pressure, by spraying the materials with the medium, or by passing the materials in contact with rollers, wicks or other devices supplied with the medium, e. g. by spraying with the medium rollers over which the materials pass in travelling from one point to another.
The stretching operation may be efiectecl at normal atmospheric temperatures or at temperatures below or above atmospheric temperature. e. g. at 50 or 70 C., depending on the strength and nature of the softening medium applied to the materials and the degree of stretch which it is desired to effect. The stretching operation may be carried out in a single stage or in a plurality of stages and in the latter case the stages may follow directly after one another or, as described in U. S. application S. No. 573,424 filed 6th November 1931, rest" stages during which the materials are not stretched may be interposed between any two stages of stretching. In the stretching of artificial filaments, threads and similar materials the stretching may be applied to single filaments or threads or may be applied to a plurality of such filaments or threads simultaneously, e. g. to a plurality of filaments or threads arranged in warp formation, as described in U. S. application S. No. 602,844 filed 2nd April 1932. Artificial filaments, foils and like mateacid and 50% water.
rials may be stretched longitudinally and/or laterally or a longitudinal stretch may be combined with a lateral tension suflicient only to prevent lateral shrinkage of the foils due to the longitudinal tension. In this connection reference is made to U. S. applications S. Nos. 666,655 and 666,656 both filed 18th April 1933.
Artificial filaments, threads and similar materials may be stretched according to the present invention to a comparatively low degree, e. g. to -200% of their original length or to aconsiderably greater extent, e. g. to 400-600% of their original length or even more. In the case of artificial films, foils and similar materials lower degrees of stretch are in general more suitable.
The softening medium remaining in the materials after the stretching operation may, if sufficiently volatile, be removed by evaporation. The medium may also be removed by washing the materials with a. dilute alkaline medium in order to neutralize the acidic softening agent. Thus the materials may be washed with dilute solutions of sodium carbonate or ammonia. Advantageously the softening medium may be removed from the materials by washing them with washing media containing softening agents for the base of the materials in successively decreasing concentrations, then with dilute alkali and finally with water. In this way the lustre of the materials may be better preserved.
The materials stretched according to the present invention may be subjected to other aftertreatment processes, either prior or subsequent to the stretching operation, and such processes may be carried out either continuously with the stretching operation or separately therefrom. Thus, for example, artificial yarns may be stretched according to the present invention and then subjected to a shrinking operation, for example by passing them through a solution of methylene chloride in benzene, or to saponiflcation with an inorganic or organic base. Examples of suitable shrinking processes are given in U. .8. application S. No. 611,240 filed 13th May 1932 while U. S. applications S. Nos. 655,773 and 655,778 both filed 8th February 1933, 743,712 filed 12th September 1934, 752,376 filed 9th November 1934, 756,285 filedfith December 1934, and 326 filed 4th January 1935 describe suitable saponification processes.
The following example illustrates the invention but is not to be considered as limiting it in any way:-
Example A plurality of cellulose acetate threads are taken from a creel of bobbins and, by passage over guide rollers and through a reed, are arranged in warp formation, i. e. in the form of a sheet of substantially parallel threads. While in this formation the threads are passed round a feed roller, and thence through a bath of softening medium comprising 46% dioxane, 4% acetic The threads issuing from the bath are led round a draw roller and thence to suitable washing and drying apparatus and are finally rewound on bobbins. The draw roller is rotated so that its peripheral speed is three times as great as the peripheral speed of the feed roller, so'that between such rollers the materials are stretched to 300% of their original length.
The process of the present invention is of particular value in the stretching of artificial filaments, yarns, foils, films and similar materials containing cellulose acetate, but it may also be employed in the stretching of such materials containing other organic derivatives of cellulose, for example cellulose formate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose nitroacetate and other esters or mixed esters'of cellulose, cellulose ethers or mixed ethers, for example methyl, ethyl and benzyl cellulose, and cellulose etheresters, for example ethyl cellulose acetate and oxy-ethyl cellulose acetate.
Having described my invention what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is:- I
1. Process for the treatment of artificial filaments, threads, yarns, films, foils and similar materials having a basis cellulose which comprises softening such materials by treatment with an acidic softening medium comprising a' high proportion of a neutral organic softening agent and up to 10% of an organic acidic softening agent and subjecting the softened materials to a stretching operation.
2. Process for the treatment of artificial filaments, threads, yarns, films, foils and similar materials having a basis of cellulose acetate which comprises softening such materials by treatment with an acidic softening medium comprising a high proportion of a neutral organic softening agent and up to 10% of an organic acidic softening agent and subjecting the softened materials to a stretching operation.
3. Process for the treatment of artificial filaments, threads, yarns, films, foils and similar materials having a basis of organic derivatives of cellulose which comprises softening such materials by treatment with an acidic softening medium comprising 25 to 65% of a neutral organic softening agent and up to 10% of an organic acidic softening agent and softened materials to a stretching operation.
4. Process for the treatment of artificial filaments, threads, yarns, films, foils and similar materials having a basis of cellulose acetate which comprises softening such materials by treatment with an acidic softening medium comprising 40 to 55% of a neutral organic softening agent and 2 to 5% of an organic acidic softening agent and subjecting the softened materials to a stretching operation.
5. Process for the treatment of artificial filaments, threads, yarns, films, foils and similar materials having a basis of cellulose acetate which comprises softening such materials by treatment with anaqueous acidic softening medium comprising 25 to 65% of a neutral organic softening agent and 2 to 5% of an organic acidic softening agent and stretching the softened materials to more than 200% of their original length.
6. Process for the treatment of artificial filaments, threads, yarns, films, foils and similar materials having a basis of cellulose acetate which comprises softening such materials by treatment with an aqueous acidic softening medium comprising 40 to 55% of a neutral organic softening agent and 2 to 5% of an acidic softening agent selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, formic acid and lactic acid and stretching the softened materials to more than 200% of their original length.
HENRY DREYFUS.
of organic derivatives of.
subjecting the
US71455A 1935-04-03 1936-03-28 Treatment of artificial filaments, yarns, foils, films and the like containing organic derivatives of cellulose Expired - Lifetime US2112237A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2112237X 1935-04-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2112237A true US2112237A (en) 1938-03-29

Family

ID=10898772

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US71455A Expired - Lifetime US2112237A (en) 1935-04-03 1936-03-28 Treatment of artificial filaments, yarns, foils, films and the like containing organic derivatives of cellulose

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2112237A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2473615A (en) * 1944-03-29 1949-06-21 Celanese Corp Process for stretching cellulose acetate filaments
US3022545A (en) * 1956-09-06 1962-02-27 British Celanese Process for crimping cellulose triacetate fibers

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2473615A (en) * 1944-03-29 1949-06-21 Celanese Corp Process for stretching cellulose acetate filaments
US3022545A (en) * 1956-09-06 1962-02-27 British Celanese Process for crimping cellulose triacetate fibers

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2142717A (en) Manufacture of cellulose derivative materials
US2112237A (en) Treatment of artificial filaments, yarns, foils, films and the like containing organic derivatives of cellulose
US2053767A (en) Production of filaments, yarns, fabrics, and like materials
US2053766A (en) Production of filaments, yarns, fabrics, and like materials
US2070584A (en) Production and treatment of artificial filaments, threads, ribbons, and the like
US2198660A (en) Treatment of textile and other materials
US2047195A (en) Treatment of cellulose derivatives
US2147640A (en) Production of artificial materials
US2072250A (en) Treatment of filaments, films, and similar materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose
US2058422A (en) Treatment of artificial filaments and like products
US2581566A (en) Production of spun yarns
GB371461A (en) Improvements in the treatment of filamentary and other products
US2116063A (en) Treatment of artificial materials
US2279479A (en) Production of artificial yarns, foils, and similar materials
US2075027A (en) Manufacture and treatment of artificial silk and like products
US1914491A (en) Textile material and method of making the same
US2072251A (en) Manufacture or treatment of artificial materials
US2142716A (en) Manufacture of artificial yarns or other materials
US2091971A (en) Treatment of organic compounds
US2090670A (en) Production of artificial materials
US2092005A (en) Manufacture of artificial materials
US2112236A (en) Manufacture of artificial filaments
US2092009A (en) Saponification of materials consisting of or containing organic esters of cellulose
US2092007A (en) Treatment or manufacture of cellulose ester material
US2075430A (en) Manufacture or treatment of artificial materials