US2103338A - Ultrahigh frequency oscillator - Google Patents

Ultrahigh frequency oscillator Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2103338A
US2103338A US26760A US2676035A US2103338A US 2103338 A US2103338 A US 2103338A US 26760 A US26760 A US 26760A US 2676035 A US2676035 A US 2676035A US 2103338 A US2103338 A US 2103338A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
anodes
oscillations
oscillator
field
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US26760A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Posthumus Klaas
Nordlohne Pierre Jann Alphonse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV filed Critical Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2103338A publication Critical patent/US2103338A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10C—WORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
    • C10C3/00—Working-up pitch, asphalt, bitumen
    • C10C3/02—Working-up pitch, asphalt, bitumen by chemical means reaction
    • C10C3/026—Working-up pitch, asphalt, bitumen by chemical means reaction with organic compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H01J25/54—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having only one cavity or other resonator, e.g. neutrode tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B9/00—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects
    • H03B9/01—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using discharge tubes
    • H03B9/10—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using discharge tubes using a magnetron

Definitions

  • Oscillations generated by such an oscillator have a frequency whose time of oscillation is of the same order of magnitude as the time of circulation of the electrons inside the tube.
  • These oscillations are of the same kind as the oscillations generated in a triode, in which the grid is at a higher positive potential than the anode with respect to the cathode, these oscillations being called electron oscillations.
  • the frequency of these oscillations is directly proportional to the intensity of the field H.
  • the second group comprises the oscillations generated with the aid of an oscillator in which two or more anodes are symmetrically arranged with respect to a cathode, a negative resistance occurring if a potential difierence is set up between two opposite anodes.
  • an oscillatory circuit connected between two opposite anodes, will produce oscillations whose frequency is determined by the natural frequency of said circuit.
  • the present invention relates to an oscillator comprising two or more anodesconnected in a known manner to an oscillatory circuit;
  • the characteristic feature of the circuit arrangement of the present invention is that the intensity of the field, in deviation from that which is used in practice by the oscillators referred to, is greater than the intensity at which the anode current is suppressed.
  • the intensity of the field is given such a value that oscillations are generated having a frequency which is substantially inversely proportional to the intensity of the field. Due to the chosen value of the field, the nature of the oscillations which it is possible to generate'with the oscillator of the invention, is entirely different from the nature of the oscillations generated by the known oscillators.
  • the oscillations generated by the oscillator are inversely proportional to the intensity of the field, they can neither be classified under the oscillations which are independent of the field, nor under'the known electron oscillations that are di- 55 rectly proportional to the field.
  • the oscillations generated by the oscillator are inversely proportional to the intensity of the field, they can neither be classified under the oscillations which are independent of the field, nor under'the known electron oscillations that are di- 55 rectly proportional to the field.
  • the oscillator of the present invention has the advantage over known oscillators in that its efficiency is much greater than that of the known oscillators.
  • An oscillator, according to this in- 30 vention, may have an efficiency of more than whereas known oscillators have an efficiency of 30% at the most.
  • the invention preferably applies to a thermionic oscillator comprising two pairs of anodes which are connected to an output impedance in such a manner that the potential of each anode is opposite in phase with respect to the adjacent anodes.
  • oscillations can be generated whose frequency is determined by the equation This frequency is about twice as high as that of the oscillations produced by an oscillator tube having two anodes.
  • the invention may beused in a thermionic oscillator comprising three or more pairs of anodes. 50
  • the tendency to self oscillate at a definite intensity of the field decreases as the number of anodes of a thermionic oscillator increases. Furthermore, it has been found that in the case of an increasing intensity of the field the tendency to self-oscillate decreases with a definite oscillator tube.
  • the cathode, the anodes or the magnetization coil are so formed with respect to one another, that the magnetic field and/or the electric alternating field between the anodes are/is unsymmetrical with respect to at least part of the cathode.
  • FIG. l and 3 illustrate different embodiments of the invention
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a modification of the cathode element which may be used.
  • Fig. 1 represents one form of construction of a thermionic oscillator, according to the invention, in which the last-mentioned measure is taken. This figure shows only those parts that are necessary for a correct understanding of the oscillator of the invention.
  • the oscillator'represented in Fig. 1 comprises two pairs of anodes 2, 4 and 3, 5 which are alternately directly connected together.
  • One side of the source of anode voltage is connected to a point of the bridge I which serves for tuning the circuit 6, and the other side to the cathode 8 of the oscillator tube.
  • the cathode 8 is rectilinearand extends perpendicularly to the plane of the drawing.
  • the magnetization coil is fed with rectified alternating current or direct current and is so arranged that the lines of force extend parallel with the oathode.
  • the intensity of the magnetic field is so many times greater thanthe intensity of the field at which the anode current is suppressed, that the oscillator described permits the generation of oscillations whose frequency is substantially inversely proportional to the intensity of the field and approximately satisfies the equation
  • the distance of the cathode with respect to the anodes 2, 3, 4 and 5 is difierent, due to which the electric alternating field between the anodes is unsymmetrical relative to the cathode.
  • the electrons are staying in areas where an electric alternating field is set up as soon as a small anode alternating voltage is available between both pairs of anodes 2, 4 and 3, 5. Due to the presence of the tangential alternating force exerted by the electric alternating field on the electrons, the latter can reach the anode along spiral paths and oscillations can be generated. As the magnetic intensity of the field increases, the area where the electrons are staying before the generating of oscillations is more remote from the area where the tangential field occurs and the eccentricity of the filament must be greater.
  • a cathode is used which for the greater part is rectilinear and is positioned symmetrically relative to the anodes,
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of such a cathode, the cathode being denoted by 8 and the curved part by to.
  • the desired effect is achieved with an oscillator tube comprising such a cathode, since, before oscillations are prcducedthe electrons emitted by the curved part aa, are in an area where the electric alternating field is set up.
  • a cathode consisting of two or more parallel wires is used.
  • This form offconstruction is represented in section in Fig. 3 of the drawing, wherein 8, 9, l0 and II denote the. rectilinear parts of the cathode.
  • a rectilinear cathode is used which is at an angle with the axis of symmetry of the anodes.
  • the desired effect can also be achieved by making use of a discharge tube having a central rectilinear cathode, by displacing over a certain distance the axis of the magnetization coil relative to the cathode so that this axis is still parallel with the cathode, but does no longer coincide therewith. If desired,this measure may be taken in combination with one of those referred to above.
  • An oscillation generator comprising an electron discharge device having within an evacuated container a cathode and a plurality of anodes surrounding said cathode, means for suitably energizing said cathode and anodes and for applying a magnetic field to the electrons emanating from said cathode to produce oscillations, said cathode being located unsymmetrically with respect to said anodes.
  • An oscillation generator comprising an electron discharge device having within an envelope a substantially linear cathode and a plurality of pairs of anodes surrounding said cathode, said anodes having a common center, connections conductively connecting alternate anodes to gether, said cathode having at least a portion located off-center with respect to said anodes, an oscillatory circuit having opposite terminals connected to adjacent anodes, and means for applying a magnetic field to between said anodes whose lines of force are parallel with said cathode.
  • An oscillation generator comprising an electron discharge device having within an envelope, a plurality of filamentary rectilinear cathodes located around a center point of said envelope, a plurality of pairs of anodes surrounding said cathodes, connections conductively connecting alternately located anodes together, an oscillatory circuit having opposite terminals connected to adjacent anodes, and means for applying 'a magnetic field to said device whose lines of'forcc are substantially parallel with said'cathode s.
  • An oscillation generator in accordance with claim 2 characterized in this that there are four such cathodes and two pairs of anodes.
  • the method of generating oscillations in an evacuated electron discharge device having a filamentary cathode, and a plurality of anodes which comprises applying a uni-directional magnetic field to said device which is unsymmetrical to at least part of the cathode and whose lines of force are substantially parallel with said cathode.
  • An oscillation generator comprising an electron discharge device having within an evacuated container a linear cathode and a plurality of anodes surrounding said cathode, means for suitably energizing said cathode and for applying a unidirectional magnetic field to the electrons emanating from said cathode to produce oscillations, said cathode being located unsymmetrically with respect to said anodes.
  • An oscillation generator comprising an electron discharge device having within an evacuated container a linear cathode and a plurality of anodes surrounding said cathode, means for suitably energizing said cathode and for applying a unidirectional magnetic field to the electrons emanating from said cathode to produce oscillations, said cathode being located unsymmetrically with respect to said magnetic field.
  • the method of generating oscillations in an electron discharge device having a linear cathode and a plurality of anodes which comprises applying a magnetic field to said device whose intensity exceeds that at which anode current is suppressed, producing electrons which at their emergence are unsymmetrically located with respect to said magnetic field, whereby oscillations are generated, the frequency of which is substantially inversely proportional to the intensity of said magnetic field.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
US26760A 1934-07-07 1935-06-15 Ultrahigh frequency oscillator Expired - Lifetime US2103338A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL451974X 1934-07-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2103338A true US2103338A (en) 1937-12-28

Family

ID=19786316

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US26760A Expired - Lifetime US2103338A (en) 1934-07-07 1935-06-15 Ultrahigh frequency oscillator

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2103338A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE409976A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE714101C (en(2012))
FR (1) FR791414A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB451974A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL45832C (en(2012))

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2591997A (en) * 1948-10-29 1952-04-08 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Electron tube device
US3944872A (en) * 1952-08-11 1976-03-16 General Electric Company Radio frequency noise generating magnetron

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2591997A (en) * 1948-10-29 1952-04-08 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Electron tube device
US3944872A (en) * 1952-08-11 1976-03-16 General Electric Company Radio frequency noise generating magnetron

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE714101C (de) 1941-11-26
FR791414A (fr) 1935-12-11
BE409976A (en(2012))
NL45832C (en(2012))
GB451974A (en) 1936-08-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2190511A (en) Ultra short wave system
US2200962A (en) Ultra short wave device
US2304186A (en) Velocity modulated tube
US2250698A (en) Magnetron
US2170219A (en) Ultra high frequency oscillator
US2242888A (en) Ultra short wave oscillation generator
US1978021A (en) Ultrashort wave system
US2026892A (en) High frequency generator
US2103338A (en) Ultrahigh frequency oscillator
US2347797A (en) Electron discharge device
USRE20506E (en) Oscillator system
US2151765A (en) Device for generating electrical oscillations
US2111625A (en) Electron discharge device
US2368329A (en) High frequency generator
US2190731A (en) Frequency changer
US2187171A (en) Vacuum tube for microwaves or ultra-short waves
US2168295A (en) Oscillator and frequency changer
US1995175A (en) Electrical oscillation generator
US2463632A (en) Variable electronic capacitance device
US2071516A (en) Oscillation generator
US2103638A (en) Oscillation generator
US2176599A (en) Electron beam tube
US2658149A (en) Gas tube noise generator
US2200330A (en) Ultra short wave frequency multiplier
US2140832A (en) Means and method of controlling electron multipliers