US2103303A - Device for producing electron rays of high energy - Google Patents

Device for producing electron rays of high energy Download PDF

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US2103303A
US2103303A US67184A US6718436A US2103303A US 2103303 A US2103303 A US 2103303A US 67184 A US67184 A US 67184A US 6718436 A US6718436 A US 6718436A US 2103303 A US2103303 A US 2103303A
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electron
electrons
magnetic
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Steenbeck Max
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Siemens Schuckertwerke AG
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H11/00—Magnetic induction accelerators, e.g. betatrons

Definitions

  • the object of my invention is to produce by very simple means, above all without the use of 5 high voltages, electron rays of greatenergy, for instance rays having a velocity corresponding to the application of several million volts.
  • annular highly exhausted discharge vessel encloses 20. the core of a three-legged transformer whose central core is provided'with an exciting winding connected to an industrial alternating voltage of the usual voltage and frequency.
  • a glowing cathode which emits the electrons necessary for v the'radiation is arranged in the discharge vessel.
  • an additional magnetic field produced by permanent magnets cal acts on the electrons, the magnetic field serving to'maintain the electrons circulating about the 30 transformer core in a certain plane determined by the discharge vessel,i.'e.. to prevent the elec-
  • the invention relates substantially tothe gulding of the electrons within the eddy field insuch 45 a manner that they are not elected prematurely from the eddy field. Further features of the in.-
  • vention relate to the production of the electric eddy field as well as to the introduction of the electrons at the beginning of the acceleration 50 into the eddy field and to the release from the field at the end of the acceleration.
  • the charges must, therefore, 5 revolve in succession about the central magnetic flux many times.
  • a force directed towards the center' of the circular path must annul the centrifugal force of the electron mass. Since the speed of the electron (and in the neighborhood of the velocity of light the electron mass) increases the longer the electron has been accelerated by the eddy m consequently, also the centripetal force must-be increased in proportion to time.
  • the object of the invention is, therefore, to determine an electric or magnetic field which by the forces of'the field exerted onthe electron charge stabilizes the electron on a given circular ,path/ A stabilizing. or a guiding field must be provided such as is also the case with the above-mentioned known device, in which said field has been produced by permanent magnets of a given arrangement.
  • this stabilization must also be still effective even if the rotating electron experiences interferences of whatever kind whether it begins its flight in the eddy field under false initial conditions (for instance with an initial velocity deviating from the desired direction) or whether the electron experiences during its numerous revolutions a collision with one of the residual gas molecules even present at the highest vacuum, which causes a sudden (small) change of the direction of flight and of the flying speed.
  • a stabilizing field must, also compensate for its own faults. It would not help any to create a stabilizing field which would compensate for the above-mentionedinterferences of theelectrons only in the case of an entirely.
  • the stabilizing field must be of such nature as to bring about the compensation even in the case of slight deviations from the ideal field (for instance slight deviations from the rotation symmetry) which deviations cannot be avoided in the case of the actual realization of the field.
  • the main object ,of the vguiding field consists in maintaining the' radius of the path at a con- 66 stant value. such that a circular path is described by an electron, the radius thereof remaining constant within a given time interval, although the centrifugal force increases with time.
  • the centrifugal force of the revolving electron may be annulled by an electric field having field lines running radially outwardly or by a magnetic field whose lines of force are perpendicular to the plane of the path. In order to guide an 11 million volt electron along a circle of 5 cm. radius a radial electric field of about 2.10 volts/cm. would be necessary.
  • the distance between the electrodes for this electric field should be of a sum-- cient magnitude in order to permit also disturbed electrons deviating somewhat from the desired path to freely fly.
  • the distance should be of the order of 1 cm. Consequently, a voltage of some millions of volts between these electrodes would be necessary only to guide the electron along a circular path which voltage, therefore, would be of the same order of magnitude as the speed of the electrons themselves. Consequently, the entire method would not afiord any advantages at all.
  • To guide an 11 million volt electron along a circle of 5 cm. radius only a magnetic field of about 7000 gauss is necessary which may be easily created.
  • the "guiding field which guides theelectron along -a circular path about the central magnetic flux must, consequently, be a magnetic field.
  • a central iron leg carries the magnetic flux varying at spaced intervals and produces about itself the electric eddy field.
  • the guiding field Hz is produced by two cylindrical pole pieces which enclose the central iron leg and, therefore, the central magnetic flux and which guide the electrons on circles about the magnetic flux.
  • the guiding field should not, as already proposed, be produced by a permanent magnet, for if the revolving electrons are accelerated with time to a greater extent the radius of path would become greater and greater in the case of a constant intensity of the guiding field. In order that the radius of the path may remain constant the intensity of the guiding field H1 must. consequently, increase with time.
  • the field must be A guiding field directed in opposite direction would cause the electrons to revolve against the eddy field so that the motion of the electrons would be checked.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration, in sectional elevation, of a magnetic body designed to illustrate the general principle on which the invention is based.
  • Fig. 2 shows diagrammatically the pole elements for producing the guide field.
  • Fig. 3 shows an advantageous form of such pole elements.
  • Figs. 4 through 9 show each in transverse section difierent constructions of acceleration pole elements which are composed in several different ways of laminations and wires.
  • Fig. 10 shows in sectional elevation a practical construction according to the present invention, it being assumed that the pole element. there shown constitute portions of a magnetic body which in general principles is constructed as shown in Fig. 1, and
  • Fig. 10 shows in planview the form of the electron vessel 3
  • the guiding field must also compensate for minty but they have in this case a radial direction.
  • the guiding field is rated according to the invention in such a manner that the condition of stabilization R (IE is fulfilled with an optimum as to the exclusion of deviations of the electron from the desired path in the case of l R (H! -1 an? "r (3)
  • the guiding field should, therefore, decrease always to a lesser extent, preferably half as much, I
  • FIG. 3 is shown a form of the invention based on the following considerations: If the two hyperbole branches l and 2 are caused to rotate about the axis a two hyperboloids are produced. The field created between the two hyperboloids decreases steadily outwardly. In the neighborhood of the axis the field is practically homogeneous, at a considerable distance Rfrom the axis where the hyperboloid contacts approximately with the asymptotes the field decreases practically with l/R.
  • R/H.dH/dR characteristic for the non-homogeneity of the field varies in this ing the case in which 3:0, the hyperbole. field. therefore, fulfills in all cases the condition of Equation (2) But'it does not at first fulfill the 1:2 condition of Equation (1) in any case whatever. That is tosay, in the pure hyperbola'field there does not exist a circle, whose area in average covers just twice as strong a field as that prevailing at the periphery; the inner field is always too weak.
  • the inner field must be strengthened; for instance, by rendering the distance between-the pole pieces case from 0 on the axis to 1 at infinity; exceptinthe neighborhood of the axis smaller than is the case with hyperboloids.
  • This may be ac-
  • the inner pole pieces A and B owing to the stray field thereof disturb the hyperbola field proper in an undesired manner (see. Fig. 3) and the circular electron path must be, therefore, placed so far outwardly or the auxiliary pole pieces must be carried out with such a small radius that the electrons are not any longer substantially influenced by this stray field.
  • the stray flux may be even practically eliminated if a space as formed by the lines of force of the undisturbed hyperbolic field is filled up with pulverized iron which is embedded in the form of a compressed pulverized iron core into an insulating material.
  • the iron filling factor it is possible by the proper choice of the iron filling factor to obtain such an average permeability that the central magnetic fiux produced thereby satisfies the 1:2 condition. Consequently, the desired circle R of the electron may then be placed very close around the central flux and a very high electron end speed is obtained with the small circle R and the strong flux.
  • the pole pieces must be extended so far outwardly as to be able to rely extensively upon the pure hyperbolic field in the vicinity of the desired circle.
  • the field lines are, of course, displaced further outwardly over the entire space than would he the case with the pure hyperbolic field. This may, however, be compensated for in the surrounding of the desired circle R; if the pole pieces are caused to move away from one another to a somewhat lesser extent for a short distance outwardly as is the case with hyperboloids. In this manner a zone is provided with a relatively stronger field, whose cross pressure of the field lines can again force back the field into the vicinity of the desired circle approximately into the zone of a pure hyperbola field.
  • a small total diameter of the pole pieces not only reduces the dimensions of the apparatus but also the power required for setting up the field.
  • the magnetic fiux must, moreover, be such as to form also exteriorly as far as possible a rotation symmetrically closed circuit. This may be accomplished if the magnetic circuit of a straight cylindrical iron core-as is the case with induction coils-is closed on all sides by air. However, in this case the expanded stray field and the power which has only the purpose of setting up the stray field may give rise to trouble. Furthermore, such a stray field may easily be brought qut of symmetry by outer iron or also by metal masses.
  • the closing of the magnetic circuit according to the invention is not effected by one end yoke, but at least by two, if possible by more yokes, in which case an adjustable air gap may be provided in each yoke in order to distribute the magnetic flux symmetrically.
  • the glowing cathode may in this case have, for instance, the form of a wire ring which is disposed somewhat above or below the desired circle. It would also be possible to close this wire ring and to heat it by induction by the short circuit current created therein. This would be of advantage owing to the maintenance of a complete rotation symmetry and to theelimination of particular heating connections. Nevertheless this kind of heating is not preferable, since the magnetic field of the heating current disturbs the guiding field. The heating current field has the tendency to attract the electrons to the glowingcathode.
  • the effect of the heating current and of the heating voltage drop' may, however, be completely suppressed in the case of a separately heated cathode if an alternating current of the same frequency and phase as the exciting current of the magnetic field is employed as heating current, as indicated in Fig. 10.
  • the heating voltage and heating current pass through zero together with the magnetic field and do not, therefore, interfere in the timeintervals in which the emission of the electrons from the glowing cathode is needed.
  • the short circuit current heating works, however, with a current having the same frequency but not the same phase (owing to the ohmic current component in the heating filament).
  • Another way of introducing the electrons into the field consists in shooting an electron ray to which an acceleration has been imparted already outside the pole pieces into the eddy field.
  • an additional interfering field could be set up rapidly, for instance, an electric field between a particular electrode and its surroundings by a properly time-controlled transient wave or by a magnetic interfering field through a properly controlled energization of a particular coil. It is, however, very much simpler to utilize a disturbance caused by saturation of the iron, since the latter occurs each time automatically with-.- out specific synchronization in the case of ma moment when the acceleration of the electrons v has come to an end.
  • the guiding field H in the arrangement shown in Fig. 3 is caused to be increased only up to a certain maximum Consequently, the circular electron path expands.
  • the expansion may be such that the circle expands up to the unstable point,'from which the magnetic field decreases with dH/dR.R/H l or to a further extent and, therefore, the circular electron path explodes.
  • Such a saturation of the guiding field may be.
  • cylindrical pole pieces P which produce the guiding field H are provided with a restricted passage A.
  • the entire fiux for the guiding field (inclusive of the stray field) passes through this restricted passage and by suitably dimensioning the restricted passage A it is possible to render, by proceeding from any given value of the guiding field, the fiux intensity in the restricted passage so high that the iron becomes'saturated at that point and, therefore, acts as an additional magnetic resistance for retarding or preventing afurther increase of the guiding field.
  • the enlarged portions of the cylindrical pole pieces located beyond the restricted passage are in this case only under the influence of such a low flux intensity that here the high permeability of the iron is maintained.
  • the surfaces of the pole pieces which determine the form of the guiding field remain magnetic .equipotential surfaces as in the case of lower guiding field intensities and cause the guiding field to drive back on the circular path even the electrons which have strayed away after the saturation of the iron has occurred.
  • the guiding field windings F and the acceleration field windings W are preferably connected to a source of sinusoidal voltage and are not fed with sinusoidal current, which may be easier effected from an electrotechnical point of view.
  • pole pieces of the central magnetic field and the cylindrical pole pieces for the guiding field may be brought separately into cooperation with the yoke or main body of the magnetic arrangement.
  • the system operates in the following manner. Let us assume that at a given instant the two magnetic fields pass through zero value and the cathode 33 is glowing. From this instant the intensities of the two fields increase.v The acceleration'field generated in the pole pieces l2, It acts upon the electrons emanating from the glowing cathode and moves them in the circular path 32. A deviation of the electrons from this path is prevented, by the efiect of the guide field which increases in intensity simultaneously with the acceleration field. While the field intensities of both fields increase, the electrons travel at higher and higher speeds on their circular path.
  • an outlet nozzle 35 is provided in a manner known in that type. of vessel.
  • the axis of this nozzle is tangentially located with respect to the outer circle of vessel 3
  • This beam may be used for instance for therapeutic irradiation by directing the beam against the portions of the human body under treatment.
  • a device for generating electron rays of great energy by means or an electric eddy field produced by a magnet field varying with time comprising a source of electrons, an evacuated vessel containing said source and constructed to provide a circular path for said electrons, means for producing a magnetic field varying with time for accelerating the electrons in a circular path and whose field axis coincides with the rotation axis or the electron stream, means for producing a guide field for the electron stream which varies similarly with time and which coaxially surrounds said acceleration field, said guide fieldproducing means being arranged so that the field intensity decreases outwardly with increasing radius of the electron path but at a rate not more than inversely proportional to the path radius increase, the means for producing said two fields being normally proportioned relatively to one another so that the guide field has always one-half the intensity of the accelerating field, and means for disturbing the relative intensities of said two fields whenthe electrons have attained the desired speed.
  • a device for generating electron rays of great energy by means of an electric eddy field produced by a magnet field varying with time comprising a source of electrons, an evacuated vessel containing said source and constructed to provide a circular path for said electrons, means for producing a magnetic field varying with time for accelerating the electrons in a circular path and whose field axis coincides with the rotation axis or the electron stream, means for producing a guide field for the electron stream which varies similarly with time and which coaxially surrounds said acceleration field, said guide fieldproducing means being arranged sothat the field intensity decreases outwardly with increasing radius oi the electron path approximately atan inverse ratio of .5:1, the means for producin said two fields being normally proportioned relatively to one another so that the guide field has always one-half the intensity of the accelerating field, and meansior disturbing the relative intensities of said two fields when the electrons have attained the desired speed.
  • a device for generating electron rays of great energyby means-oi an electric eddy field produced by a magnetgfield varying with time comprising a source of electrons, an evacuated vessel containing said source and constructed to provide a closed circular path for said electrons, a magnetic body having two opposing pole elements disposed coaxially with said electron path and being spaced apart and carrying energizing windings adapted to produce a magnetic acceleration field varying with time.
  • said-guide pole elements surrounding said accelerationpole elements rotation-symmetrically and being shaped so that the intensity of the guide field produced by them is always equal to halt the intensity of the acceleration field, said guide pole elements being also constructed so that the intensity oi their generated field decreases with increasing dhtsnce from the pole axis but not more than inversely P rtional to the electron path radius increase, and means for disturbing the relative intensities of said two fields when the have attained the desired speed.
  • a source of electrons comprising a source of electrons, an evacuated vesselcontainingsaldsourcesndconstructedto provide a closed circular path iorssid electrons.
  • a magnetic body having two pole elements disposed couially. withsaid electron path and being spaced apart and carrying energising windings adapted to produce smsgnetic acceloration field varying with time, two further op- 2g,
  • acceleration field pole elements on said magnetic body carsaid acceleration field pole elements being bridged rying energizing windings for producing a guide field for the circular electron stream-and similarly' varying with time, said guide pole elements surrounding said acceleration pole elements rotation-symmetrically and being shaped so that the intensity of the guide field produced by them is always equal to half the intensity 'of the accelerationfield, said guide pole elements being also constructed so that the intensity of their generated field decreases with increasing distance from the-pole axis but not more than inversely proportional to the electron path radius increase, and means for disturbing the relative intensities of said two fields when the electrons have attained the desired speed, the opposing faces of said guide poles being shaped as hyperboloids within the range of the field produced by them.
  • said guide pole elements comprising a source of electrons, an evacuated field for the circular electron-stream and similarly varying with time, said guide pole elements surrounding said acceleration pole elements rotation-symmetrically and being shaped so that the intensity of the guide field produced by them is always equal to half the intensity oi'the acceleration field, said guide pole elements being also constructed so that the intensity of their generated field decreases with increasing distance from the pole axis but not more than inversely proportional to the electron path radius increase, and means for disturbing the relative intensitia of said two fields when the electrons have attained the desired speed, the space between said acceleration field pole elements being bridged by an alternating series of air gaps and magnetic material.
  • a device for generating electron rays of great energy by means of an electric eddy field produced by a magnet field varying with time comprising a source of electrons, an evacuated vessel containing said source and constructed to provide a closed circular path for said electrons, a magnetic body having two opposing pole elements disposed coaxially with said electron path and being spaced apart and carrying ener gizing windings adapted to produce a-magnetic acceleration field varying'with time; two further opposing pole elements on said magnetic body carrying energizing windings for producing a guide field for the circular electron stream and similarly varying with time,,said guide pole elements surrounding said acceleration pole elements rotation-symmetrically and being shaped so that the intensity of the guide field produced Y by them is always equal to half the intensity of the acceleration field, said guide pole elements being also constructed so that the intensity of their generated field decreases with increasing distance from the pole axis but not more than inversely proportional to the electron path radius increase, and means for disturbing the relative intensities of said two fields
  • a device for generating electron rays of great energy by means of an electric eddyfield produced by a magnet field varying with time comprising a source of electrons, an evacuated vessel containing said source and constructed to provide a closed circular path for said electrons,
  • a magnetic body having-two opposing pole; elements disposed coaxially with said electron path and being spaced apart and carryingenergizing winding-s adapted to produce 'a'magnetic acceleration field varying with time, two further opposing pole elements on said magnetic body carrying energizingwindings for producing a guide field for the circular electron stream and similarly varying with time, said guide pole elements surrounding said acceleration pole elements rotation-symmetrically and being shaped so that the intensity of theguide field produced by them is always equal to half the intensity of the acceleration field, said guide pole elements being also constructed so thatl-the intensity of their generated, field decreases 'with increasing distance from the poleaxls but not more than'inversely proportional to the electron path radius increase, the magnetic body portion carrying the guide' field poles being suitably shaped to produce in said portlonby the field, generated in said guide poles, magnetic saturation when a desired fiux density is attained, the value of which is below that at which the acceleration pole elements become saturated;
  • a device for generating electron rays of great energy by means'of an electric eddy field produced by a magnet field varying with time comprising a source of electrons, an evacuated vessel containing saidfsource and constructed to provide a closed circularpath for said electrons, a magnetic bodyvhaving two opposing pole elements disposed coaxially with said electron path and being spaced apart and carrying energizing windings adapted to produce a magnetic acceleration field varyingwith time, two further opposing pole elements on said magnetic body carryin'g energizing windings for producing a guide field for the circular electron stream and similarly varying with time, said guide pole elements surrounding said acceleration pole elements rotation-symmetrically and being shaped so that the intensity of the guide field produced by them is always equal to half the intensity of the acceleration field, said guide pole elements being also constructed so that the intensity of their generated field decreases with increasing distance from density therein exceeds a given value at which the acceleration pole'elements remain still unsaturated.
  • a device for generating electron rays of great energy by means of an electric eddy field produced by a magnet field varying with time comprising a source of electrons, an evacuated vessel containing said source and constructed to provide a closed circular path for said electrons, a magnetic body having two opposing'pole elements disposed coaxially With said electron path and being spaced apart and carrying energizing windings adapted to produce a magnetic acceleration field varying with time, two further opposing pole elements on said magnetic body carrying energizing windings for producing a guide field for the circular electron stream and similarly varying withtime, said guide pole elements surrounding said acceleration pole elements rotation-symmetrically and being shaped so that the intensity of the guide field produced by them is always equal to half the intensity oi. the acceleration field, said guide pole elements being also constructed so that the intensity of their generated field decreases with increasing distance from the pole axis but not more than inversely proportional to the electron path ra-,
  • the magnet body outside of said two kinds of pole elements forming a return circuit for the opposing pole elements being in a plane located substantially in the rotation axis of the electron stream.
  • a device for generating electron rays of great energy by means of an electric eddy field produced by a magnet field varying with time comprising a glow cathode serving as a source of electrons, an evacuated vessel containing said source and constructed to provide a closed circular path for said electrons, a magnetic body having two opposing pole elements disposed coaxially with said electron path and being spaced apart to accommodate said vessel between them and carrying energizing windings adapted to produce a magnetic acceleration field varying with time, two further opposing pole elements on said creases with increasing distance from the pole axis but not more than at an inverse ratio to said distance, means for disturbing the relative intensitles of said two fields, a common alternating voltage source for the energizing windings of said acceleration and guiding pole elements so as to .produce equal variations as to time in the fields produced by said elements, said glow cathode being connected to the same voltage source so that the cathode voltage and the magnetic fields attain their zero values at the same time.

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US67184A 1935-03-06 1936-03-04 Device for producing electron rays of high energy Expired - Lifetime US2103303A (en)

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Cited By (23)

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US2465786A (en) * 1947-01-24 1949-03-29 Gen Electric Accelerating apparatus for charged particles
US2473477A (en) * 1946-07-24 1949-06-14 Raythcon Mfg Company Magnetic induction device
US2480169A (en) * 1946-10-26 1949-08-30 Gen Electric Apparatus for imparting high energy to charged particles
US2504894A (en) * 1945-10-31 1950-04-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electronic tube apparatus
US2533859A (en) * 1943-07-14 1950-12-12 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Improved injection system for magnetic induction accelerators
US2540853A (en) * 1945-10-04 1951-02-06 Gen Electric Magnetic induction accelerator
US2545958A (en) * 1946-03-22 1951-03-20 Univ Illinois Induction accelerator
US2550212A (en) * 1945-02-17 1951-04-24 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Magnetic induction accelerator
US2565410A (en) * 1944-09-20 1951-08-21 Philco Corp Controllable electrical delay means
US2567904A (en) * 1946-06-22 1951-09-11 Christofilos Nicolas Magnetic resonance particle accelerator
US2586494A (en) * 1947-10-11 1952-02-19 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Apparatus for controlling electron path in an electron accelerator
US2593845A (en) * 1945-10-18 1952-04-22 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Apparatus for the acceleration of electrons
US2617026A (en) * 1948-08-27 1952-11-04 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Induction accelerator for electrons
US2660673A (en) * 1945-09-15 1953-11-24 Gen Electric Magnetic induction accelerator
US2697167A (en) * 1945-11-08 1954-12-14 Univ Illinois Induction accelerator
US2713635A (en) * 1949-12-19 1955-07-19 Leitz Ernst Gmbh Electron-cyclotron discharge apparatus
US2736799A (en) * 1950-03-10 1956-02-28 Christofilos Nicholas Focussing system for ions and electrons
US2798177A (en) * 1951-07-25 1957-07-02 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Electron accelerator for producing roentgen-ray pencils deflectable in space
US2869050A (en) * 1952-01-04 1959-01-13 Magnetic circuits
WO2006008541A2 (en) * 2004-07-23 2006-01-26 Stenzel Security Limited Electronic apparatus
US20090153279A1 (en) * 2007-12-14 2009-06-18 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Single drive betatron
US20100148705A1 (en) * 2008-12-14 2010-06-17 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method of driving an injector in an internal injection betatron
US9328976B1 (en) 2013-04-18 2016-05-03 Mainstream Engineering Corporation Method for production of novel materials via ultra-high energy electron beam processing

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2533859A (en) * 1943-07-14 1950-12-12 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Improved injection system for magnetic induction accelerators
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US2550212A (en) * 1945-02-17 1951-04-24 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Magnetic induction accelerator
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US2593845A (en) * 1945-10-18 1952-04-22 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Apparatus for the acceleration of electrons
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US2697167A (en) * 1945-11-08 1954-12-14 Univ Illinois Induction accelerator
US2545958A (en) * 1946-03-22 1951-03-20 Univ Illinois Induction accelerator
US2567904A (en) * 1946-06-22 1951-09-11 Christofilos Nicolas Magnetic resonance particle accelerator
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US2480169A (en) * 1946-10-26 1949-08-30 Gen Electric Apparatus for imparting high energy to charged particles
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US2586494A (en) * 1947-10-11 1952-02-19 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Apparatus for controlling electron path in an electron accelerator
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US2736799A (en) * 1950-03-10 1956-02-28 Christofilos Nicholas Focussing system for ions and electrons
US2798177A (en) * 1951-07-25 1957-07-02 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Electron accelerator for producing roentgen-ray pencils deflectable in space
US2869050A (en) * 1952-01-04 1959-01-13 Magnetic circuits
WO2006008541A2 (en) * 2004-07-23 2006-01-26 Stenzel Security Limited Electronic apparatus
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US7638957B2 (en) * 2007-12-14 2009-12-29 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Single drive betatron
US20100148705A1 (en) * 2008-12-14 2010-06-17 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method of driving an injector in an internal injection betatron
US8362717B2 (en) 2008-12-14 2013-01-29 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method of driving an injector in an internal injection betatron
US9328976B1 (en) 2013-04-18 2016-05-03 Mainstream Engineering Corporation Method for production of novel materials via ultra-high energy electron beam processing
US9714800B1 (en) 2013-04-18 2017-07-25 Mainstream Engineering Corporation Materials having two surfaces with different coefficients of thermal expansion

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Publication number Publication date
FR466836A (fr) 1914-05-25
FR808257A (fr) 1937-02-02
NL45440C (it)
GB466836A (en) 1937-06-07

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