US2102093A - Honing and lapping machine - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 14-, 1937. T. F. QUIGLEY HONING AND LAPPING MACHINE '3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Dec. '14; 1937.

T. F. QUIGLEY 2,102,093

' HONING AND LAPFING MACHINE 7 Filed May 18, 1923 3 sheets-Sheet 2 wan a Dec. 14, 1937.

T. F. QUIGLEY 2,102,093

HONING AND LAPPING MACHINE Filed May 18 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet Zlwvemtoo m7 aajgi y- Patented Dec. 4, 1937 f UNITED STATES" PATENT OFFICE I 2,102,093 HONING AND LAPPING MACHINE Thomas F. Quiglcy, Cleveland. Ohio, assignor .to Micromatic Hone Corporation, a corporation of Michigan Application May 18, 1928, Serial No; 278,883

2'! Claims. 7 (C1. 51-1843) motion, an example of such being engine cylinders in which pistons operate. Instrumentalities forthe purposes noted are conventionally designated lapping heads or bones and their modus operandi should be such as to efiect the grinding and polishing of the surface operated upon with a high degree of accuracy. The improvements provided by this invention are primarily intended to be employed in conjunction with those types of bones or lapping devices-for cylinder grinding objectives wherein there is employed a head carrying abrading devices arranged exteriorly thereof. The head shown herein is of hollow con struction and has therein instrumentalities for controlling the adjustment of the abrading devices with the required nicety requisite for the grinding and finishing operations of the body with which the tool is to be used. v

For the most effective and accurate operation of grinding devices of this character, it'is essential that the abrading members be capable of such adjustment as to be expanded outwardly at their upper ends for proper alignment with the walls of whatever body is being finished. In fact the conditions particularly surrounding engine cylinder grinding dictate that at the commencement oi the grinding operation on each cylinder, the abrading membersbe aligned with the walls thereof.

Conditions arise as a result of continued service of one of thesetools wherein the abrading members become worn more at oneend than at the other, and it is an -object of this invention to provide instrumentalities associated with the abrading members for maintaining the alignment of the surfaces thereof with the cylinder walls regardless of unequal wear at the ends of a set of the said abrading members.

A highly important objective of the invention is to provide instrumentalit-ies within the head, as above noted, for expanding the abrading members and which act at opposite ends of the abrading members independently of each other. More particularly, these instrumentalities include mechanisms each of-which is adapted to control expanding movement at, one end of the abrading devices. j a

A particularly noteworthy feature included in this invention is the provision otmeans for operating the expanding devices. While substantially only one major actuating system or means for causing this action need be provided, said means being common to both expanding mechanisms, the disclosed means permits of the independent operation of either one, or the simultaneous operation of both of said mechanisms in compensation for wear. For example, I herein show a difierential gear arrangement and operative connections between said gear and the operating mechanisms. A novel method of supplying power for operating the difierential gear construction is also provided, but this is a separate invention forming the subject matter of a separate application for'Letters Patent and is not an essential part of this invention inasmuch as any suitable driving means for the gears may be provided.

. Aspecific detailed feature of novelty resides in the provision of flexible joints in the operative connections between the gearing and expanding mechanisms. A somewhat similarflexible connection is also included in the mounting of the head on the main driving or carriermember. These flexible connections are necessary inasmuch as they accommodate a certain amount of whip or play or misalignment between the actual honing device and the supporting or operating means used therewith.

In the actual operation of the now known types of honing or lapping tools of this character, it 'may be necessary to manually adjust or expand the abrading devices one or more times during their operation one. given piece of work. This is due to the fact that the cylinder bore is to be ground to certain dimensions. Obviously, the tool cannot originallybe expanded to the dimensions which the cylinder hole is to have upon its.

panding devices are initially forced by means" capable of expanding the abrading'members to the desired final shape and size of the bore in which they'operate, and in which said resilient further expand the abrading members to the desired finished dimension of the bore.

-means are effective as the walls are ground, to a vention proceeds.

For a full and mo're complete understanding of the invention, reference may be had to the following description and accompanying drawings in which,

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through a tool made in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 is a detailed showing in transverse section bringing out features of the differential gear arrangement.

Fig. 3 isa view in end elevation of the tool showing clearly the arrangement of the spring means for retaining the abrading devices-in the head.

Fig. 4 is a detailed view in perspective of one of the expanding cones.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing one of the flange bushings on which a cone is mounted.

Fig. 6 is a view partly inelevation and partly in section bringing out the details of the assemblage of a cone on one of the bushings.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary illustration in elevation of a flexible connection between the head and shank carrying the same;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary and diagrammatic showing in section of the flexible connection in the driving connectors between the differential gear arrangement and the expanding devices.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary view in section through the head, taken about on the line 8-8 of Fig-' ure 13. V

Fig. 10 is a transverse section through the shank and housing bringing out the construction of the bayonet joint between'these parts. n

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary view of the bayonet joint. I

Fig. 12 is. fragmentary view, partly in elevation and partly in section, of the locking means included in the joint between the housing and the shank.

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary view. partly in section, bringing out the manner in which the abrading members are mounted on the head.-

Fig. 14 is a transverse section through the operative connections between i the differential gearing and expanding members taken about on the line l4--l of Figure 8.

Figure 15 is a. longitudinal sectional view showing the relation between the two driving shafts. i

While a preferred specific embodiment of the invention is herein set forth, it is understood that I am not to-be limited to the exact constructions illustrated and described because 'various modifications of these detailsmay be provided in putting the invention into practice within the purview of the appended claims.

Throughout the various figures of the drawings and the specification, corresponding parts are denoted by like reference characters.

A tool made in accordance with this invention comprises generally a headwhich carries the abrading members and {expanding instrumentalities therefor, at hollow shank B on which the head A is mounted, and a housing 0 operatively connected with the shank B and including a differential gear arrangement for driving the expanding instrumentalities in the head A.

The head A is cut away to provide longitudinal grooves i which communicate with bore 2 of the head through the medium of openings 3. Abrading members comprising stones 4 and carriers 5 have pins 6 passing through the openings 3, and these abrading members are located in the grooves i and are adapted for relative movement with respectto the head. The ends of the pins 6 are rounded off as shown at 1 whereby they are adapted for engagement with expanding members in a manner to be hereinafter described. A ring-like coiled spring 8 is fitted in undercut notches 9 in the'carriers 5 and functions to retain the abrading members assembled with the head, there being a spring 8 at each end of the abrading" members.

A ring-like abutment member I 0, having an internal flange ii, is held in position in the bore 2 in any suitable manner such as by screw pins i2. This member in is designedto function as a means for limiting movement of the expanding devices as will later become apparent.

Two independently operable expanding mechanisms are employed, each being adapted to cause a control movement of one end of the abrading members. These mechanisms may be substantially identical in construction with the exception that the driving shaft for one of the mechanisms is of hollow construction to permit the passage therethrough of the drive shaft of the other.

Referring now to Figures 4, 5, and 6, the rounded ends i of the pins 6 are inoperative engagement with a conical surface l3 of an expanding member M, which member has a cylindrical surface l5 in engagement with the cylinder. wall of the bore 2. i1 extending axially with respect to the head and this flange enters into an enlarged portion iii of a bore l9 extending through the expanding member II. The bushing l6 has a threaded bore 20 extending through the entire bushing.

Screwed in the bore 20 is the threaded end 2|- ber l4 and bushing I6, I may employ meansineluding an appropriate number of screws 23, which have their ends threaded into screw open- A bushing l6 has a cylindrical flange I swivel connection between its collar 22' and the lugs 23' in the member H. In the present instance I have shown four of these screws, al-

though any desired number may well be utilized. A

The bushing I6 is provided with smooth countersunk'openings shown at 24 through which the screws 23 pass, thegg eads fitting in the counte'rsinka Relative vement between the bushing it and screws 23 is pro vided, which movement'is limited in one direction by the heads and in the other direction by the expanding member l4. Interposed between the bushing l8 and expander l4 are-fairly powerful coiled springs 25. These springs are preferably arranged withthe s rews 23 "running therethrough, thereby aining them in proper position. The springs 25 constantly exert a force tending to sep-. arate the members l6 and Il.

The expanding member just described in the preceding paragraphs'is the one located adjacent the free end in the head. The other expanding mechanism is shown as of identically the same construction except that the bore 20 of the bushing i6 is of slightly larger dimensions to ac commodate a larger threaded end 26 of a hollow drive shaft 21. The drive shaft 22 extends through the shaft 21 and carries at its free end a bevel-gear 28, while the shaft 2'! terminates in a bevelgear 29. These gears 28 and 29 constitute part of a differential, gear arrangement to be later set forth.

The shank B'and housing C are operatively connected in a detachable manner by the bayonet 3 joint construction shown in detail in Figures 10, 11, and 12, this joint being referred to generally by the reference character D. The construction and operation of this bayonet joint is practically self-evident and is described in detail in my copending application, Serial Number 256,244, flied February 23rd, 1928. When theparts B and C are connected, rotation of the housing C causes rotation of the shank B to rotate the head A for operation of the tool.

A flexible connection between the head A and shank B is provided, such a connection being brought out in Figures 1 and '7, designated gen- .erally by the reference character E. This connection is fully described in my above identified copending application. Located at substantially the same place in the actual arrangement of the 1 tool as the flexible joint E, are flexible driving joints in the driving shafts 22 and 21. Referring now to Figures 8 and 14, the drive shaft .21 has an interlocking male and female joint shown at 30, and extending through the overlapping por-.

tions of this connection are pins 3|. There is a relatively loose relation between the parts of the drive shaft '21 at the-joint 30, to allow for a cerlends the property of flexibility to the connection. L a

Likewise the drive shaft 22 is ,provided with a male and female joint shown at 32 and extending through fire overlapping portions of the shaft 22, at w chis a pin 33. By arranging these parts so there is a certain amount of looseness the desired feature of flexibility is afforded. 4 Within thehousing C is a-difierential gear in any preferred manner. The member 34 is driven from the driving spindle 36 in any suitable way, as by a pin and slot connection, the pin 31 in this case projecting from the spindle rically opposite points of the gear housing 34 and extending interiorly thereof, are bevel-gears 35, each of which is in engagement with the J bevel-gears 28 and carried by the shafts 22 tain amount of play. It is this feature which housing member 34. which is adapted to be rotated and'into a slot .38 in the member 34. At diamet- -and 21. It is apparentthat upon rotation of a driving by the ,difierentialgear of the expand-' The operation'of the tool herein described is substantially as follows:

The head A carrying the abrading members is inserted in a bore which is to be finished. The abrading members have been collapsed to permit 5 of the insertion of the tool into-the bore. The gear housing is now rotated to cause expanding action of the expanding mechanisms located within the head A. The exact mode of operation of these expanding members in aligning the abrading members with the wall of the cylinder is varied, that is, one member in one case might meet resistance whereupon the other member would be initially operated to move the ends of the abrading members adjacent thereto into engagement with the walls of the cylinder. It is obvious that this method of moving outwardly the respective ends of the sets of abrading members, by independent expanding-means such as the respective longitudinally movable cones M, insures the alignment of these devices with the walls of the cylinder. bore, or its equivalent, by reason of the differential movement given said Q cones by the concentric shafts 3B and'22, regard-'- less of any inequality in the rates of wear at the respective ends of the abrading members during use; and this action will have entailed a like compression and an equal or unequal release of the springs 25,-whose separateness and mode of in- P terposition assures a resilient application of outward pressureup to a predetermined limit.

As the shank B, housing C, and head A, are rotatedand: reciprocated in 'the finishing operations, the walls of the cylinder bore are ground smooth andthe abrading members are forced outwardlyhnnderthe action of the springs 25. This autiinatic expansion of the abrading members is linriiby the headed screws 23 to inhibit the g'rinding of the bore to an oversize. When the tool is to be removed from the bore, the differential gear housing C may be rotated to cause fr retraction of the expanding cones l4, whereupon the abrading members will be collapsed under the action of the ring springs B. I

Having thus described my inventiomwhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

'1. In a honing tool of the class described, the combination with a headand abrading devices carried thereby, of instrumentalities for expanding. the abrading devices, said .instrumentalities including expanding members which affect the ,abrading devices at opposite ends thereof, driving means .forcausing operation of the expanding instrumentalities, and driving metallic connecting elements between the driving means and the expanding members permitting'of the independent operation of each of the expanding members. 2. ma grinding tool of the classdescribed, the combination with a head adapted to be insex-ted in a bore, the cylinder walls of which are to be finished, and abradingdevices carried by the head, of instrumentalities for causing expanding action of the abrading devices, said instrumentalities comprisingcones arranged within the head toaflect the abrading devices at opposite ends thereof, and differentially associated gear-w ing for causing longitudinal movement of the cones in the head, arid wh1ch movement of each cone is independent with respect to movement of theothercone'. '3. In a grinding tool of the class? described, the combination with a hollow head adapted to be inserted in -anopening the cylindrical wall of. which is to be finished, and abrading devices carinto the hollow portion of the head, said pins being located at opposite ends of the abrading devices, of conical expanding members arranged for longitudinal movement in the' hollow head, and having conical surfaces in engagement with the pins aforesaid,- and diflerential gear mechanism for causing independent operation of the conical members for imparting expanding action to the abrading devices.

4. In a grinding tool of the class described,

the combination with abrading devices whose ends are outwardly movable, and separately movable instrumentalities for expanding the respective ends of said abrading devices, of means for rotatively operating the tool, driving means for varying the expanding pressure applied through said instrumentalities, during the operation of the tool, and a plurality of resilient means for causing further expanding operation of said instrumentalities, .-said resilient means being independently responsive to said driving means to a predetermined limit, even after discontinuance of the operation of said driving means and as pressure upon the abrading members becomes released;

5. A grinding tool of the class described, comprising, in combination, abrading devices, conical expanding members arranged to afiect the abrading devices in-expanding action at opposite ends thereof, driving means for causing independent operation of the expanding members, said expanding members including means for causing expanding operation of the same independent of the driving means.

6. A grinding tool of the class described, comprising, in combination, anabrading device having pins at opposite ends thereof, expanding instrumentalities having conical members in engagement with the pins and which conical mem bers are arranged so that longitudinal movement thereof in one direction imparts expanding action to the pins, differential gear mechanism for causing difierential operation of the expanding instrumentalities for imparting longitudinal movement to the conical members, and means between the difierential gear mechanism and said conical members to impart expanding movement to the abrading devices as pressure thereon becomes released due to grinding action of the tool.

7. An expanding device for the purpose specified, comprising, in combination, a bushing, a conical member carried by the bushing, and resilient means interposed between the conical member and bushing for causing relative expand-W.

ing action therebetween.

8. An expanding device for the purpose speci-l,

fied, comprisingimcombination, a bushing having a flange thereon, a hollow conicalexpanding member mounted on the bushing, means interposed between the expanding member and the flange for causing relative separative movement between the bushing and the conical member, and means for limiting the action of said separating means.

9. An expanding device for the purpose specified, comprising, in combination, a flanged bushing, an expanding member carried by the bushing, screw members connecting the flanged portion of the bushing with the expanding member,

and springs interposed'between'the expandingmember and the flange for causing relative separative movement between the bushing and the expanding member, said screws constituting aroaoea means for limiting expanding action of the springs.

10. A grinding device of the class described, comprising, in combination, a head having a bore, an abrading device carried by the head having pins located at opposite ends of the abrading device projecting into the bore of the head, expanding instrumentalities in the bore of the head having conical surfaces in engagement with the pins and adapted for longitudinal movement in the head to cause expanding action of the abrading device, driving means for imparting independent operation to the expanding instrumentalities for aligning the abrading device with the work to be finished, and meansto cause subsequent expanding action of the abrading members to move the expanding device outwardly as pressure thereon becomes released due to the grinding operation of the tool.

11. A grinding tool of the class described, comprising, in combination, a head, abrading devices carried by the head, instrumentalities for expanding the abrading devices, and operative to expand the abrading devices at opposite ends thereof, said instrumentalities being movable longitudinally in the head in one direction to cause expanding action, screw means associated with the instrumentalities for causing longitudinal movement thereof, and difierential gear mechanism for causing independent operation of the screw means associated with the expanding instrumentalities, and means included in the instrumentalities for causing longitudinal movement of a portion thereof to impart further expanding action to the abrading members independent and subsequent to the expanding vaction caused by operation of the difierential gear mechanism.

12. A grinding tool of the class described, com

prising, in combination, abrading devices, expanding cones for impartingexpanding action to the abrading devices and aifecting the latter at opposite ends thereof, drive shafts for the expanding cones rotated one within the other, and a differential gear mechanism operative through the drive shafts causing independent operation of the expanding cones.

- 13. A grinding tool of the class described, com prising, in combination, a hollow shank, a hollow head carried by the shank, a flexible connection between the head and shank, abrading devices carried by the head, expanding instrumentalities in the head and movable therein to expand the abrading devices at opposite ends thereof, drive shaftsarranged one within the other for causing operative movement of the expanding instrumentalities, a flexible joint for the drive shafts and arranged at substantially the same placeas the flexible connection between the shank and head, and a diflerential gear mechanism for causing independent operation of the expanding instrumentalities.

14. In a grinding tool of tli class described, the combination with a carrier member and abrading devices thereon, of instrumentalities for expanding the abrading devices at opposite ends thereof, threaded drive shafts associated withthe expanding instrumentalities for causing longitudinal operative movement thereof, differential gear mechanism for imparting driving actions to the drive shafts, and which driving actions of the drive shafts are independent and spring means included in the expanding instrumentalities for causing operation thereof independent of the driving shafts, to expand the abrading devices as pressure thereon becomes released.

15. A grinding tool of the class described, comprising, in combination, ahead having a bore, abrading devices having pins projecting into the bore, and which pins are located at opposite ends of the expanding members as pressure on'the abrading devices becomes released.

16. In a grinding tool of the class described, the combination of a carrier member which is adapted to be inserted in a bore, the cylindrical walls of which are to be finished, and abrading devices thereon, of instrumentalities for expanding the abrading members against the walls to be finished, and which. instrumentalities include means for aligning the abrading devices with the cylindrical wal s, means-included in said instrumentalities for'durther expanding the abrading devices and maintaining them in alignment with the cylindrical walls during the entire grinding action, and means for limiting the expanding action of said last named expanding means.

17. In a tool for the grinding or curved surfaces: abrading devices whose ends are provided with separate means for transmitting expanding movement thereto; independently longitudinally movable means for effecting such expanding movement at .said ends respectively; and means,

including difierential gearing, for imparting differential longitudinal movement to said expanding means respectively.

18. In a tool for the grinding of curved surfaces: abrading devices whose ends are provided with separate means for transmitting expanding movement thereto; independently longitudinally movable means for effecting such expanding movement at said ends respectively; and means,

including differential gearing, and concentric shafts, extending therefrom to said expanding a means, for imparting difierential longitudinal movement to said expanding means respectively;

19. In a tool for the grinding of curved surfaces: abradingdevices whose ends are provided with separate means for transmitting expanding movement thereto; independently longitudinally movable means for -efiecting such expanding movement at said ends respectively; and means, including differential gearing, and concentric shafts, extending therefrom to said expanding means, for imparting diiferential longitudinal movement to said expanding means respectively,-separate resilient means being interposed between said shafts respectively and said expanding means. 6 w

20. In a tool for the grinding of curved surfaces: abrading devices whose ends are provided with separate means for transmitting expanding movement thereto; independently longitudinally movable means for effecting such expanding 21. In a honing tool, a pair of coma-abrading -.a plurality of gears.

22. In a honing tool, a pair of abrading elements, expanding members movable toward and away from each other, a tubular element supporting one of said members, a rod extending through the tubular element and supporting the other member, and spring means for'applying a pressure through said rod and tube for forcing said expanding members to apply an outward yielding force to said abrading elements during a honing operation.

23. In a honing tool, a pair of abrading elements, expanding members movable toward and away from each other, a tubular element supporting one of said members, a rod extending through the tubular element and supporting the other member, said rod and tubular element affecting the longitudinal movement of said members within the tool, and spring means for applying a pressure through said rod and tube for forcing said expanding members to apply an outward yielding force to said abrading elements during a honing operation.

'24. In a honing tool, a pair of abrading elements, expanding members movable toward and away from each other, a tubular element supporting'one of said members, a rod extending through the tubular element and supporting the ments, expanding members movable toward and away from each other, a'tubular element supporting one of said members, a rod extending through the tubular element and'supporting the other member, spring means acting on said rod and tubular elements for urging the expanding means to radially load the abrading elements, and means for adjusting the rod and tubular elements relative to each other.

26'. In a honing tool, a pair of abrading elements, expanding members movable toward and away from each other, a tubular element supporting one of said members, a rod extending throughthe tubular element and supporting the other member, spring means acting on said rod and ,tubular element for urging the expanding means to radially load the abrading elements, means for adjusting the rod and tubular elements relative to each other, said adjusting means embodying a plurality of gear elements.

27. In a honing tool, a-pair of abrading elements, expanding members movable toward and away from each other, a tubular element sup porting one of said members, a rod extending through the tubular element and supporting the other member, said' rodand tubular element affecting the longitudinal shifting of the members within said tool, spring means acting on said rod and tubular element for urging the expanding means to radially load the abrading elements, means for adjusting the'rod and tubular elements relative to each other, said adjusting means embodying a plurality of gear elements.

THOMAS F. QUIGLEYI

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