US2101959A - Metal drawing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 14, 1937. w. F. SCHULZ METAL' DRAWING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 16, 1953 5 Sheets-Sheet l I 3mm 1 WalwrESc'haLz,

Dec. 14, 1937.

w. F. SCHULZ METAL DRAWING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 16, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Dec. 14, 1937. W. F SCHULZ METAL DRAWING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 16, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Sc/zulm A. i m

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Dec. 14, 1937. w. F. SCHULZ METAL DRAWING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 16, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 '45 tendency to rotate slightly between the groups,

'P aiented Dec. 4, 1937 2,101,959

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE METAL DRAWING APPARATUS Walter F. Schulz, Youngstown, Ohio, assignor of one-half to Julius Kuhn, Youngstown, Ohio Application August 16, 1933, Serial No. 685,479 24 Claims. 80-36) The object of the present invention is to prowire drawn.' They also considerably lessen the vide a simple, practical apparatus for drawing bearing load, and at the same time permit of; wire or other elongated products with speed and a close arrangement of roll groups. This is dewith the requirement of relatively small power. sirable for economic and quality production.

5 Under the present practice in general use, fixed In a power test, producing wire with the new dies are employed that are made from diaapparatus and process, it has been found that monds for the extremely light wires, and from on a wire having a finished diameter of .192",

chilled iron or tungsten carbide for the heavier and operating at a speed of 540 feet per minwires. The horse power necessary to draw the ute, 18.5 horsepower is sumcient, including losses wire through the die is equivalent to the elastic in efiiciency oi drive and machine mechanism. 10

lim t of the wire, times the drawing speed in This indicates at least 100 percent increase in feet per minute, divided by 33,000. In wire finefliciency in power alone over the existing methishing at a diameter of .192", the tension is ap- 0d of drawing wire through die's. From a proproximately 2,100 pounds and the speed of drawduction standpoint, the machine is capable of mg 400 feet per minute, representing actually producing this .192" diameter wire at a rate of 25.4 horse power, to which must be added ma- 690 feet per minute. In this case, indicated chine friction and other losses in the eiflciency horsepower figures will be 26. Such speed would of the drive. be impracticable in the ordinary wire drawing In the preferred embodiment of the apparadie, due to the increased friction and consequent g0 ratus and the process of the present invention, heating.

the wire drawing is effected through a series of Physical tests of wire drawn by the appararadially disposed rolls in two or more groups, each tus and involving the new process indicate a group having three or more sets of rolls, the axes St ucture not Only compara in every ay of the rolls in each group coinciding on a single with wire drawn by the old method, but having 2.; plane. To effect close spacing and to allow a added physical advantages not possible here better work distribution on the wire, the radial tofore. A microphotograph at 100 diameter line of roll group positions is staggered to an magnification shows a homogeneous grain strucintermediate overlapping relation. Ordinarily u 'e, neit er dis ort d nor ruptured n t e dithe first group preferably consists of four rolls, rection of drawing. From an examination of'a set at 90 degree positionsand the second group micrograph showing the structure of ordinary 30 at 90 degree positions, but rotatedon the axis cold drawn wire, it is evident that the grain plane to 45 degrees from the first group position. structure is considerably elongated, due to the In this arrangement the wire is first drawn to extreme tension in the drawing of the wire. Slips a square, and then to a round. In a combinaand longitudinal ruptures are also apparent.

tion where three rolls are used, in each group While this does .not seriously affect the strength 35 the wire is first drawn into a triangle and then 01' the wire longitudinally, transversely the graninto a round cross sectional area. Any numbe ular bond is almost ruined. This manifests itself of rolls can be used in each group, the first physicallyif the wireis sharply bent, flattened or forming flat faces and the second sizing the upset.

4!) product to a round finish. The only limitation A form of apparatus that has proven emcient to the number of rolls used in each E is that for securing the above and other desirable reof close nesting of the roll groups. This nestm is l t at d in the acoom an n drawing is important for it hasbeen found that if the lugs w 1 p yi groups are too far separated, the wire has a Figure 118 a plan View of the am a resulting in a multisided or finned product, Figure 2 is a perspective new of the drawing mechanism. rather than the desired round wire.

Another feature of extreme importance is the Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectmnal View diameter of the rolls, Large rolls over 6" in-" the same" diameter create excessive roll bearing pressure, figure 4 1s cmss 'sectmnal View on the 50 due to the greater-area of contact on the wire, H Figure and they furthermore interfere with close nest- Figure 5 is a 01088 sectional View 011 e ine ing. It has been found that rolls in diameter beof Figure tween 3" and 5" permit adequate bearing de- Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view on 'I sign, depending of course on the diameter of the the line 6 6 of Figure 5.

Figure '7 is a detail view in elevation of the lubricant supply and atomizing means.

Figure 8 is a detail sectional view through an atomizer and on the line 8-3 of Figure '7.

Figure .9 is a detail view on an enlarged scale of the cooperating portions of one group or set of roller dies.

Figure 10 is a cross sectional view showing the form of the stock to be operated upon.

Figure 11 shows the form the stock takes under the operation of the first set of rolls.

Figure 12 is a cross sectional view of the final product.

Figure 13 is a diagrammatic view of a set of dies for initially forming the stock into triangular shape.

Figure 14 is a cross sectional ,view of the stock as initially acted upon. s

Figure 15 shows the stock when operated upon by the initial set of rolls shown in Figure 13.

Figure 16 shows the form of the stock operated on by a second group of rolls.

Figure 17 shows the final product. These series of steps utilize four sets of rolls, as will be readily understood.

Figure 18 is a detail side elevation of the pulling and coil-forming mechanism.

Figure 19 is an end elevation of the same.

Figure 20 is a detail cross sectional view taken on the line 20-20 of Figure 19. v

If reference is had to Figure 1, there is shown therein at 2 themechanism by which the stock is reduced to the final product. The lubricating system for the drawing mechanism 2| is generally illustrated at 22. The pulling drum and coil-forming mechanism is designated. 23. As shown in this figure a motor 24 drives through belting 25, speedbhange mechanism 25 that may be of standard form. From this mechanism a drive shaft 21 operates a clutch -28, through which is driven a shaft 29 operating the pulling and coilforming mechanism 23. The clutch is operated from a conveniently located hand lever 30 having connections 3| with said clutch. 'As the driving mechanism is made up of well-known instrumentalities and may be varied as desired, it is believed that the above description and the show-- ing is sufllcient forthe purposes of explanation. Referring now to the wire drawing mechanism as illustrated in Figures 2-9 inclusive, a supporting structure is providedi consisting of a head 32 and a second head 33 spaced therefrom. These heads are provided with trunnlons 34 and 35 seated in the upper ends of standards 33 The trunnions are held in place by cap plates 31 and 33, respectively, secured to thestandards 38 by bolts 33. When these bolts are tightened, the trunnions 34 and 35 are secured against rotation, but when the bolts 33 are loosened, the trun- I nions and consequently the heads and everything carried .thereby can be rotated.

The said heads are provided with peripherally opening recesses 40, in which are seated the ends of carrier bars 4| thatconnect the said heads and are held in place in the recesses by removable cap plates 42. It will be noted by reference to Figures 2 and 3 that the bars 4| are inwardly inclined toward the rear head 33, or in other words, converge toward said head. It will also be noted by reference particularly to Figurej that alternate sets of bars are set closer to the axis of the heads than others, as indicated by the space X between the circles intersecting trance head because it is through that head that the stock enters, is provided with a central opening 43, andthe trunnion 34 for said head is provided with a registering'opening, the walls of which are threaded, as at 44. A guide spindle 45 is threaded into said trunnion 34 and projects through the opening 43 into the interior of the supporting structure. It can be secured in adjusted position bya lock nut 4511. Through this spindle the stock 46 enters the drawing mechanism. The opposite or exit head 33 and its trunnion 35 have an axial passageway 41 for the wire or finished product 46a.

Mounted on the carrier bars 4| are sets of carriages, two of these sets being shown in the present embodiment, though a greater number may be employed, as desired. One set, which is located closer to the entrance head 31, is mounted on the outer of the bars 4|, the otherset, being located closer the exit head 33, is mounted on the inner set of said bars. As the structures of the carriages are similar in all respects, a desuitably reenforced with external ribs 49, the outer ends of saidplates embracing the bar 4| ,and being secured together by tie bolts 50, which serve to clamp the plates securely to the bar. However, upon loosening the bolts, obviously the plates or carriages can be moved longitudinally along the bar. The inner end portions of the said plates are spaced apart a distance less than the thickness of the bars 4| and these inner portions are connected by an axle 5| having an enlarged bearing flange 52 interposed between said plates. The axle thus serves as an effective tie and also as a spacing member for the plates. Surrounding the axle and located between the plates is a roller die element 53 which is thus relatively thin and preferably has a tapered pe-. ripheral portion that acts upon the work. This die element has a rollerbearing 54 on the enlarged portion 52 of the axle, as clearly shown in Figures 4 and 9. The die elements of each set are radially disposed and their innermost portions meet or practically meet on opposite sides .of the stock.

and rollers of one set enter the spaces between those of the other set, or in other words, they are in overlapping relation.

Considering the structure as thus far described therefore, it will be evident that when the stock passes through the same. the first set of rollers will initially act thereupon, and directly adjacent to their plane of action, the second set, immediately following, will. operate. Now if reference is had to Figures l0, l1 and 12. the initial stock is shown at 45 in Figure 10. and in the preferred.

form of construction, the peripheral faces of the first set of dies are flat, so that the action of said dies results in the stock being deformed to angular fiat faces, as shown in Figure 11. The second set of dies are perlpherallygrooved and thus reduce the stock to the finished product 43a of Figure 12 in its round form. Additionally by having the two sets of die rollers in such close relation a seriousdifllculty has been overcome. in

that there is no tendency of the wire to twist formed in the head 38.

product is avoided. Furthermore it has been found that the wire produced has an unexpectedly high degree of conductivity, which the microphotograph definitely seems to show is due to a peculiarly eflicient homogeneous grain structure that is neither distorted nor ruptured in the direction of the drawing action. In connection with the action of the dies, as above explained,

:the directing spindle 45 is important, as it directs and supports the stock up to its point of contact with the first set of die rollers.

The adjustment of the carriages on the carrier bars is an important feature in that it readily permits, by the movement of the carriages along thebars, their being spaceddifferent distances apart for operation on stock of different sizes and the production of products of different diameters. More-than that, as the dies are worn they can be shifted along the carrier bars toward the exit head and thus their life may be greatly prolonged. In this latter connection, the structure of the supporting mechanism is important. As will be clear by reference to Figure 2, the mechanism is of a skeleton formation, so that everything is visible and available. More than that by detaching the proper cap pieces 42, any bar with the carriage and die assembly thereof can be easily removed and replaced. Furthermore though the supporting frame is normally held against rotation, by loosening the bolts 39 and the cap plates 31, the entire structure can be rotated, so that the lowermost bars can be brought to a position where they are available for such removal and replacement.

In order that the roller dies shall function properly and efliciently for extended periods, means are provided for both lubricating the same and preventing the. entranceto-the bearings of scale or other detritus.

Referring to Figures 3 and 6, the trunnion 35 of the exit head 33 is provided with a passageway leading from the cap plate 38 therefore and opening into an annular manifold groove 58 From this groove branch conduits 51 are connected to portsin nipples 58 that fit into'the receiving ends of passageways 88 formed in the carrier bars 4|. These passageways 58 have outlet ports 88 in the inner sides of the bars 4|, and one of the plates of each carriage has a channel 6| that is in communication with the port 68, irrespective of the adjustment of the carriage on the bar. This channel has a port br passageway 82 leading into the roller bearing.

Referring to Figures 1 and 7, a-pipe 63 is provided leading from any suitable source of air under pressure, 'and this pipe is connected at with the passageway 55in the trunnion 35.

A pressure reducing valve 65 of any suitable form may be located in the pipe 83, as is also a controlling valve 66. A lubricantreservoir 81 has an outlet 68 terminating in a nozzle 88 (see Figure 8) that drops ollinto a reduced Venturi-like passageway 18 in the air conduit 63. The size of this passageway maybe varied by a screw 1| transversely threaded into the structure and disposed oppositely to the outlet from the nozzle 69. Obviously this produces an atomizer for the oil. Pressurein the reservoir 61 is maintained by a branch pipe 12 leading from the air supply pipe 88, and coupled to the top of the reservoir.

With this structure, air laden with oil in ,at-

omized condition is carried through the pipe 88,

3 and the various conduits and passageways of the supporting structure to the bearings of the roller die elements and these are thus not only kept lubricated but by reason of the pressure in the bearing chambers, lubricant is carried along the sides of the rollers and the outward flow of air prevents the entrance of scale or other foreign material entering the bearings of the rollers.

In order to pull the material through the drawing dies and effect successful coiling of the finished product, the following mechanism is em.-

ployed, particular reference being had to Figures-- 18, 18 and 20 for the detail structure thereof.

As already explained, this mechanism is designated generally by the reference numeral 23 and as shown in. Figure 1 is driven by the shaft 29. The structure comprises an outwardly tapered winding drum 13 provided at its larger end with an outstanding peripheral flange 14, and having longitudinally disposed arms 15 projecting from its outer or smaller end. Surrounding this drum is a coil-forming and confining cage,

consisting of end rings or hoops I6 and 11 connected by spaced bars 18. These rings or hoops constitute circular tracks that run on supporting rollers 19 so that the cage is rotatably supported independently of the drum 13. It will also be noted by reference to Figures 18 and 20 that the inner ring 16 terminates short of the flange T4, leaving-an open space through which the finished product 46a-can pass, and be wrap d upon the larger end of the drum 73. Plates 88, mounted on certain of the cage bars 18, support inwardly inclined spring arms 8|, which terminate in flat shoes 82 adapted to rest on the wrapped product 46a. The free ends of these shoes are preferably outturned as shown at 83 and are spaced from the flange 74 of the drum. I

The cage is rotated from the drum 13 by radial arms 84 pivotally mounted on the free ends of the drum arms 15 and engaging in keepers 85 carried by the outer cage ring 17. swung outwardly to positions in substantial aline- The arms 84 can be ment with the drum arms 15 and said arms 84 are which hold them snugly, upon thedrurn and thus secure su'flicient frictional engagement to prevent slippage. In time these wraps, however, pass beyond the shoes 82 on to the outer portion of the drum and within the cage, where they can expand to form coils. When a suflicient number have accumulated, they may be tied into a bundle and by swinging the arms 84 outwardly, this bundle may be readily removed from the cage and drum.

With this structure therefore, it is found unnecessary to secure the end of the wire to the coiling and pulling mechanism thus allowing the coil to have free movement within the outside coilconflning cage or guard, and the spring action of the wire causes a compact and well formed coil to develop within the same, thus avoiding poorly produced coils very broad in width which are hard ,to handle and which in past practice usually have sets and the number of rolls in a set may be varied.

Thus it is entirely possible to use three rolls in ,a set instead of four, as illustrated in Figure 4, and to increase the number of sets. This is shown,

for example, in Figures 13-,17 inclusive.v In Figure 13 there is illustrated diagrammatically a set of three rolls 53a..- Such sets may be arranged in tandem and interrelated exactly as shown in the first described embodiment. With such a structure four of the 'sets may, for example, be employed, and by referreing to Figures 14-17 inclusive, the stock 48b is thereby reduced first to triangular relation, as shown at lie in Figure 15 by the first set of rolls illustrated in Figure 13, then to hexagonal formation by thesecond set, asshown at id in Figure 16, and finally into the round product We of Figure 17,.

From the foregoing, it is thought that the construction, operation and many advantages of the herein described invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without further description, and it will be understood that various changes in the size, shape, proportion and minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

What I claim, is: a

1. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a supporting structure having means for admitting stock thereto and the exit of the altered product therefrom, of a plurality of carrier members extending longitudinally along and on difierent sides of the path of the stock in the supporting structure, said carrier members being disposed in convergent relation, carriages movable longitudinally along the carrier members, and die elements mounted on and movable with the carriages, die elements being thereby movable to varied spaced relations, means for fixing the carriages at different points on the carriers, and means for drawing stock between the die elements when fixed in their adjusted positions.

2. In'apparatus of the character described, the combination with a supporting structure having means for admitting stock thereto and the exit of the altered product therefrom, of a plurality of carrier members extending longitudinally along ment being removable with the bar carrying the 4. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a supporting structure comprising spaced heads having openings respectively for the entrance 'of the stock and the exit of the product, oi carrier bars connecting the heads and having their ends removably mounted respectively on said heads, carriages mounted on the bars, and die elements mounted on the carriages and operating on different sides of the stock, passing through the supportingstructure, each of said carriages and die elements being removable in assembled relation when the bar carrying the same is removed from the heads.

5. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a supporting structure comprising spaced heads having openings respectively for the entrance of the stock and the exit of the product, of carrier bars connecting the headsand having their ends removably mounted respectively on said heads, said bars converging towards the head through which the product'exits, carriages movable along said bars, means for securing the carriages at different positions thereon, and roller die elements journaled on the carriages and being moved difierent distances apart on theadjustment of the carriages, each carriage and its die elesama 6. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a supporting structure including spaced heads having respectively provision for the entrance and exit of the work, of sets of carriers connecting the heads, those of one set being located at different distances from the path of the work than those of another set, a set of carriages on each set of carriers, and a set of die elements on each, set of carriages,- said sets of die elements being located in tandem relation.

'7. In apparatus of the character described, the combinationwith a supporting structure including spaced heads having respectively provision for the entrance and exit of the work, of sets of carrier bars connecting the heads on different sides of the path of the work, said bars converging toward the exit of the work and those and on different sides of the path of the stock in" the supporting structure, said carrier members being disposed in convergent relation, carriages movable longitudinally along the carrier members, roller die elements journaled on the inner ends at the carriages and movable therewith, said die elements being thereby movable to varied spaced relations, meansfor fixing the carriages at different points along the carriers, and means for drawing stocl'rbetween the roller dies when the carriages are fixed;

of one set being located closer to the path of the work that those of the the other set, a set of carriages mounted on each set of bars and adjustable along the same, and a set of roller die elements journaled on each set of carriages and adjustable therewith, the roller die elements of one set being arranged in tandem relation to those of the adjacent set.

'8. In apparatus of the character described, the

combination with a supporting structure includ- 3. In apparatus of the character set forth, the

combination with a supporting structure comprising spaced heads having openings respectively for the entrance of the stock and the exit of the product of carrier bars connecting the heads and converging toward the head having the exit, carriages mounted to slide longitudinally on the bars, roller dies journaled on the inner ends of the carriages and operating on difierent sides of the stock passing through the structure, said roller dies moving toward or from each other when the carriages are adjusted along the bars,

means for fixing the carriages at different points along the carriers, and means for drawing stock between the roller dies when the carriages are fixed.

ing spaced heads having respectively provision for the entrance and exit of the work, of sets of carrier bars connecting the heads on different sides of the path of the work, said bars converging toward the exit'of the work and those of one set being located closer to the path of the work than those of the other set, a set of carriages mounted on each set of bars and adjustable along the same, and a set of roller die elements journaled on each set of' carriages and adjustable therewith, the roller die elements of -one set being arranged in tandem relation to those of.the adjacent set, and those of one set overlapping and being interposed between those of the adjacent set.

9. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with spaced standards, of heads having trunnions journaled in the standards and provided with passageways for the work, means for normally holding the heads against rotation, convergently disposed carrier bars connecting the heads, carriages slidable on bars and having means for clamping the same to hold the carriages against movement and in difierent positions, roller dies journaled on the carriages and operating on difierent sides of the work passing through theitrunnions, said carriages and dies being disposedin sets and the dies of the difi'erent sets being located in interposed overlapping relation, and means for detachably securing the bars to the heads.

10. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a supporting structure, of roller dies journaled therein, mountings for said. dies, a source of lubricant, means for conducting lubricant to the die mountings and to the die journal bearings, and means for atomizing the lubricant and delivering it under pressure to the conducting means and thence to the die journal bearings. 11. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a supporting structure comprising spaced heads, of carriers connecting the heads, carriages mounted on the carriers, roller dies journaled on the carriages, lubricant conducting conduits extending through the carriers and carriages to the roller die journals, and means for supplying lubricant to said conduits.

12. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with 'a supporting structure comprising spaced heads, of carriers connecting the heads, carriages mounted on the carriers,

,roller dies joumaled on the carriages, conduits in the carriages leading to the journal bearings of the dies, a supply passageway in the head in communication with the conduits, and means for atomizing lubricant under air pressure and delivering lubricant in the air under pressure to said passageway and thence to the journal bearin'gs.

13. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a supporting, structure comprising spaced heads and carrier bars connecting the heads, of carriages on the bars and roller dies journaled on the carriages, a manifold in one head, passageways in communication with the manifold and extending through the carrierbars and carriages tothe roller die journals, and means for supplying lubricant under pressure to the manifold. 1 4. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a supporting structure comprising spaced heads and carrier bars connecting the heads, of carriages on the bars and roller dies journaled on the carriages, a manifold in one head, passageways in communica tion with the manifold and extending through the carrier bars and carriages to the roller die journals, means for supplyinglubricant under pressure to the manifold, and means for atomizing the lubricant prior to its entrance into the manifold.

15.In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a supporting structure comprising spaced heads and carrier bars connecting the heads, of carriages adjustably mounted on the bars and roller dies journaled on the carriages, a manifold in one head, passageways in communication with the manifold and opening through the sides of the carrier bars, passageways in the carriages communicating with the journals of the roller dies, said passageways of the bars and carriages being in communication and maintaining such communication on the ade justmentof the carriages, and means for supplying lubricant under pressure to the manifold.

16. In apparatus of the character described,

" the combination with a supporting structure comprising spaced heads and carrier bars connecting said heads, of. carriages mounted on the bars and comprising wall sections that embrace and are clamped to the bars and project inwardly therefrom, said inwardly projecting parts having portions spaced apart, and roller die disks rotatably mounted between the latter portions.

17. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a supporting structure comprising spaced heads and carrier bars connecting said heads, of carriages mounted on the bars and comprisingwall sections that embrace and are clamped to the bars and project inwardly therefrom, said inwardly projecting parts having portions spaced apart, axles connecting said latter portions, roller die disks located between the portions, roller bearings between the disks and axles, and means for supplying lubricant under pressure to said bearings, and causing an outward pressure alongside the disks.

18. In apparatus for drawing wire and the like, the combination with sets of freely and individually rotating coacting dies, said sets being arranged 'in tandem relation and each set individually acting on the stockpassing through it to reduce and elongatethe same, the rotatable dies of one set being disposed in overlapping relation to those of the adjacent .set, means for mounting the sets and causing their -relative adjustment towards and from each other, and means at the discharge side of the sets of dies for drawing the finished product through the sets ,of dies and pulling the untreated stock into the same.

19. In apparatus for drawing wire and the like,

ually rotating coacting dies, said sets being ar ranged in tandem relation and each set individ ually acting onthe stock passing through it to reduce and elongate the same, the rotatable dies of one set being disposed in overlapping relation to those of the adjacent set, means on which the sets are rotatably mounted, said means being adjustable longitudinally of the path of travel of the work operated on by them, said adjustment causing the movement of the dies of each set towards each other, and means at the discharge side of the sets of dies for drawing the finished product through the sets of dies and pulling the untreated stock into the same.

20. In apparatus for drawing wire and the like, the combination with sets of freely and individ= ually rotating coacting dies said sets being arranged in tandem relation and each set individually acting on the stock passing through' it to reduce and elongate the same, the rotatable dies oi one-set being disposed in overlapping relation to those of the adjacent set, means on which the sets are rotatably mounted, said means being. ion- Y gitudinally adjustable of the path of travel of the work operated on by them, said adjustment causlongitudinally of the 'path of travel of the work, I

and means at the discharge side of the sets of dies for drawing the finished product through the sets of dies and pulling the untreated stock into the same.

21. In apparatus for drawing wire and the like, the combination with supporting means, of draw-- ing die rolls having journal bearings in the supporting means, passageways leading to said bearings, and means for atomizing lubricant in air under pressure and delivering said air under pressure with the atomized lubricant through the various passageways to lubricate the said bearings and create outward pressure of air in the bearings to prevent the entrance of detritus thereto.

22. In apparatus for drawing wire and the like,

\ the combination with supporting means, of drawing die'rolls having journal bearings on'the supporting means, passageways leading to said bearings, a manifold having connections with the various passageways, and means for atomlzing lubricant in air under pressure vand delivering said air under pressure combined with the atom: ized lubricant through the manifold and thence into the various passageways to the said bearings. to lubricate the same and 'create outward air pressure in the bearings to preventthe entrance of detritus thereto.

23. In apparatus of the character described,

the combination with a supporting structure having means for admitting stock thereto and permitting the exit of the altered product therefrom,

of a plurality of sets of coacting relatively rotatable die elements that respectively operate on different sides 01' the stock for altering the same, means on which the die elements of each set are adjustablymounted, and by which they are move able to diflerent positions along the path of travel of the stock, said means also adjusting distance of the dies from the path of the stock.

24. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with spaced heads through which the stock and finished product passes, means con-

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