US2099699A - Turbine - Google Patents

Description

U. MEININGHAUS Nov. 23, 1937.

' TURBINE Filed March 16, 1933 e Sheets-Sheet 1 mmvrol? a V #J 1937- u. MEININGHAUS TURBINE Filed March 16, 1933 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 MINE/V701? (A Mf/N/NGHAUS NOV. 23, 1937. E H 2,099,699

TURBINE Filed March 16, 1933 e Sheets-Shee t 5 Fig.9

f 87 n 9. I '02 l as 3 I I I00 INVENTOP 1937- u. MEININGHAUS ,0

TURBINE Filed March 16, 1933 e SheeLS-Sheet e Patented Nov. 23, 1937 TURBINE.

Ulrich Meininghaus, Mulheim-Buhr, Germany Application March 16, 1933, Serial No. 661,119 In Germany March 30, 1932 16 Claims.

traversed by oil. Cases arise in which machine' parts disposed in one or more of such housings cannot be inserted and removed in the radial direction but must, on the contrary, be inserted or removed in the axial direction, either because the machine parts themselves are constructed without a joint and surround a shaft, or because the housings themselves are constructed without axial joints. For example, driving wheels rotating at high speed must be made without a joint, and for certain reasons bearing housings are preferably made without axial joints, or, in particular, it may often be advantageous to avoid axial divisions in the packing members between the housings traversed by the difierent media.

In order to be able to insert or remove machine parts arranged inside of or at adjacent housings in the axial direction, sufllcient play or clearance must be left in the known constructions either between the housings or on the other sides of the housings, as otherwise the machine parts contained in one housing or the packing members associated with it bar the way for the axial remove] or insertion of the parts contained in the other housing, and said parts are not accessible to a suflicient degree. The provision of such axial clearance for the axial insertion and removal of the parts appeared particularly unavoidable when the parts taking up the space required for "insertion or removal were constituted by a plurality of machine parts in engagement with one another, the dismantling and re-erection of which would involve a considerable amount of work. A certain advantage in such cases is afforded by an overhung arrangement of the machine parts, as then the free room at the end of the shaft is available for the insertion and removal of the machine parts located in the end housing. Nevertheless, in the known constructions, it has been necessary to provide a special free space in order has, however, an unfavorable effect on the structural length of the turbo-machine; in particular the shafts rotating in the housings become too long from the point of view of bending and critical speed of rotation.

In turbo-machines, forexample, steam or gas turbines, which operate at a high speed of revolution and which are driven by a flowing medium, it is desirable to keep the axial length of the shaft as short as possible in order to minimize the effects of bending, oscillation and distortion due to heat, particularly when it is a question of maintaining small packing play.

It is the object of the present invention to shorten that length of the shaft to a minimum which is not occupied by the power generating or consuming apparatus or by the bearings and at the same time to simplify the assembly and disassembly of parts, such as rotating and stationary blade or fin carrying discs, and especially the disassembly of parts which must be removed to provide access to normally inaccessible elements, such as the bushes of the bearings.

The drawings show schematically and by way of example different constructions according to the inventive idea applied to steam turbines. In said drawings,

Figs. 1, 5, 6, and '7 are vertical sections along the centre line through steam turbines construct- I ed according to the invention, I Fig. 1 being a section through a single cylinder condensing turbine,

Fig. 5 through the high pressure cylinder and Fig. 6 through the low pressure cylinder 01' a larger condensing turbine, and

Fig. '7 through a turbine designed for high back pressure.

Figs. 2, 3, and 8 show the attachment of temporary clamping means to cooperating parts of the turbines for assisting in assembling and dis- 40 szassembling the whole unit;

Fig. 4 is a section on an enlarged scale through the packing device betweenthe turbine proper and the bearing as shown in Fig. 1;

Figs. 9 and 10 are sections through an assembly of driven auxiliary devices on turbines according to the invention, the auxiliary devices being driven from a hollow shaft which is supported in Fig. 9 by one additional bearing and in Fig. 10 by two additional bearings; while-Fig. 11 shows the attachment of clamping means to the turblues of Figs. 9 and 10.

In Fig. 1, the numeral idesignatu a rotating shaft-preferably of another machine. 1. e. the driven machine (not shown-which h moi-tad 6e by the bearing 2. This bearing is arranged in a housing 3 through which oil is circulated for lubricating said bearing. The oil enters the bearing 2 through the bore 4 and flows after having 5 lubricated the surfaces of the shaft I and the bearing 2 into the spaces 5 and 6. It is then collected in the space I and drained off by means of the pipe 8. To prevent oil from entering the steam space 9, or steam from entering the oil space 5, labyrinth packings I0, II, I2, and I3 are provided, the labyrinth clearances being partially arranged around each other in radial direction. To make certain that no mixing of oil and steam can occur in the spaces 5 and 9,'collecting chan l5 nels I4, I5, and I6 are arranged around the housing 3 in a manner similar to the above-mentioned collecting channel I. The collecting channel I is connected with the oil discharge 8, the channels I4 and I5 with the atmosphere, as is shown for instance at IT, and the channel IS with a steam pipe l8. Thus the labyrinth packing I0 packs the oil against the atmosphere (channel l4) air only being in the channel l4. Therefore if the medium contained in the channel I4 should for some reason be sucked into space 5, this could be only air, which does not deteriorate the oil. But the sucking in of such air is counter-acted \by the opposite suction effect which is created by the fact that the mean diameter of the packing close to the space 5 is smaller than the other part of the packing II). The packing II separates the spaces I4 and I5 which are both connected to the atmosphere and prevents any steam leaking from packing I2 into the channel I5 from entering 35 channel I4. The packing I2 closes the steam channel I6 against the channel I5, any leakage through said packing being drawn oiT by way of channel I5. As the turbine shown in 1 is of the condensing type, the channel I6 will be supplied with sealing steam so as to prevent any air from entering through the packing I3 to the steam space-9.

The walls of the collecting channels 5, I4, I5, and I6 are partially built up by means of cylindrical or conical casings 20, 2|, 22, and 23. As shown in the enlarged scale of Fig. 4, said casings are fastened by caulking them into the side walls of those parts of the collecting channels which have been cast integral with the bearing housings, the caulking being done at 24, 25, 26, and 21'. The stationary parts of the packings are fastened in a similar way by caulking them into the other end of said casings as shown in Fig. 4 at 28, and 29, or fastening them by mechanically expanding as shown at 30 and 3 I. In this way a very simple casting is obtained for the housing 3, and the collecting channels may be arranged very close to each other. To avoid any leakage between the collecting channels besides the leakage through the packings, the housing 3 and the collecting channels are constructed without an axial joint.

The bearing housing 3 is integral with the easing 43. The latter is connected with the casing 65 45 by means of the wall or flange 44. It is through this flange 44 that the parts enclosed in the housing 3 must be moved during insertion into or removal from the housing 3; they are moved hereby through the space occupied by the interengag ing parts which are driven by the steam during the operation of the machine, these parts being the following:

In Fig. 1 is shown a radially impinged blading 41 the rotating blades of which are supported by a disc 48 while the stationary blades are fastened the metal of the one part against the other part to the disc 49. An axially impinged blading 50 is arranged behind the radially impinged blading 41, the rotating blades of which are supported by a disc 5| while the stationary blades are fastened to the ring 52. In addition, an axially impinged blading 53 is arranged ahead of the radially impinged blading 41, the rotating blades of which are supported by a disc 54, while the stationary blades are fastened to the ring 55. The blading 53 is impinged by means of the nozzles 56-. The steam enters at 51 and leaves the turbines at 58.

In Fig. 1 the steam flows at first through the blading 53 after passing the nozzles 56, then through the blading 41 and finally through the.

blading 50. All the rotating parts cooperating with stationary parts-except the labyrinth discs 36 and 31 for reasons given below (see Fig. 4)- are fastened to the wheel or disc 5| or to the hub 59 which is integral with said disc. Disc and hub may be easily removed from the shaft I by screwing the stud 60 out of said shaft, whereby the shoulder 6| presses against the bush 62 which is detachably fastened in the hub 59. All the rotating parts with the above mentioned exception may therefore be taken off from the shaft l as a unit without disassembling them, together with the stationary blades belonging to the bladings 41, 50, and 53 and also the nozzles 56 as well as to the casings directly supporting them, i. e. 45 and 46 and to, the rings 52, 55, and 63. By disconnecting the flange 64 of the casing 45 from the flange or wall 44 of the casing 43 all the stationary parts interfingering with the rotating blades or rings and the casings supporting them may therefore be taken off from the casing 43 as a unit without disassembling them. After taking oif the small cover 10a and removing the nut 66:).

all the above-mentioned cooperating rotating and stationary parts may even be removed as a unit without disassembling them when the hub 59 and the flange 64 are carefully disconnected simultaneously; that is, the whole turbine proper may be taken off in a very simple manner.

Figs. 2 and 3 show a way of rigidly supporting the rotating and stationary parts against each other so as to avoid injuring them or the delicate parts connected with them. In Fig. 2 a clamping ring 65 is screwed to the disc 54 by means of bolts 66 and to the casing 46 by means of studs 61. This mode of clamping prevents any relative movement of the rotating and stationary parts against each other in an axial direction and supports the left end of the assembly in radial direction. In Fig. 3 the right end of the assembly is secured against a relative radial movement by means of clamping pieces 68 which space the disc 5| against the ring 52 and which are fastened to said ring by means of wing screws 69. These clamping pieces-preferably three on the circumference-are brought in place through detachable covers 10 of the casing 43.

All that has been said regarding the disassembling applies equally well to the assembling. The casings 45 and 46 may be assembled with all the stationary and rotating parts enclosed by them apart from the rest of the machine and then brought in place with the clamping devices attached. After the hub 59 has been secured to the shaft I and the casing 45 to the wall or flange 44, the clamping devices may be taken off through the openings of the covers Ill and 109..

In Fig. 4, the stationary parts of the packings which are fastened in the described manner to the cylindrical or conical casings 20, 2|, 22, and 23 are numbered 32, 33, 34, and 35. With these stationary parts cooperate the rotating parts 36, 31, 38, and 39. Not only are the fine labyrinth clearances of each of said parts radially around each other, but said parts themselves are disposed as a whole around each other. The packing I3 is the outermost packing, and inside of this packing follow the other packings in the order I 2, II, and ID. All the packings shown have a shape fitted to the arrangement of the collecting channels and thus give a very effective packing at a minimum of axial space.

The packings may be easily removed by taking off the caulking wires and the bearing is easily accessible through the opening which is packed by the labyrinths. To insure absolute tightness between steam which may leak to the one side of the discs 36 and 31 and the oil on the other side of the discs, the disc 36 alone or the discs 36 and 31 together may be fastened by means of caulking directly to the shaft I at 46. This di-' rect fastening of discs 36 and 31 is also required to hold them in place when the turbine proper is taken off as a unit as described below. A further improvement of the packing against the oil in space 5 is effected by means of a conical rim M at the disc 36. The inclination of this rim will always bring back any oil dripping on the outside of said rim as the centrifugal force has the tendency to move the oil in an outward direction. As soon as the oil reaches the outmost edge 42 it will drip off onto the casing 26 and drain back into the space 5.

In Fig. 5 the steam flows through the blading 41 only, and in Fig. 6 through the bladings 41 and 56. The turbine shown in Fig. 5 maybe the high pressure cylinder and the turbine shown in Fig. 6 the low pressure cylinder of the same unit, the rotating parts of the cylinders being fastened to the shaft I of the driven machine in an overhung fashion. In view of the higher back pressure of the high pressure cylinder the labyrinth packing I3 is more elaborate in Fig. 5,than in Fig. 6. To get to the hearings in each of Figs. 5 and 6, the cover 46 with the ring 63 first has to be removed, taking with it the disc 49. Now the disc 48 or 5| is taken from the shaft I and thereafter the flange II carrying the packing l3 from the casing 43. Finally parts of the packings I9. I I, and I2, which block the passage to the bearing are removed. which is easily done as they are fastened to the shaft I and to the casings 26, 2 I and 22 by caulking. In the constructions of Figs. 5 and 6 no clamping devices are provided because comparatively few parts are to be removed. The removal as a closed unit is not essential in this case.

In Figs. 5 and 6 the part 43 is connected directly with the cover II or, if the part 45 is considered integral with the casing 43, with the cover 46.

In Fig. '7 the steam flows through nozzles 56, the blading 53 and the blading 41. This construction is designed for extraordinarily high back pressure and clamping devices are again provided for the assembly. In this case not only are all the rotating parts of the bladings mounted on a common hub 59, but even part of the rotating discs of the packing I3. All the stationary parts cooperating with the rotatipg parts mounted on the hub 59 are supported by the casing 45. In this way the many interfitting parts supported by the hub 59 and the casing 45 may be brought in place and taken off as a unit without disassembling them, just as in the construction of Fig. 1. To prevent with absolute certainty. any leakage of steam into the oil space 5, the last rotating disc of the packing I3 and the discs 31 and 36 are caulked directly to the shaft I. The part 43 is connected with the casing 45 by means of the wall or flange 44 as in Fig. 1. In the case of back pressure cylinders, as in Figs. 5 and 7, the channel I6 will collect steam leaking through the packing I3 in opposite direction, as in the first mentioned case. In both cases, a certain pressure above the atmosphere exists in the channel I6 to create a definite leakage through the packing I2. The above-mentioned collecting channels will sufiice in most instances to insure a sufficient packing. Only in Fig. 7 where an extraordinarily high pressure has to be packed, an additional tapping point for leaking steam at some elevated pressure is provided at I9.

Figs. 5, 6, and '7 show a different arrangement of the packing with the object of creating a smaller thrust as the surfaces exposed to the high steam pressures are of smalldiameter. Besides, this arrangement results in a tighter packing for the high pressure steam, as smaller diameters mean smaller leakage area. Therefore in Figs. 5, 6, and 7 the packing I3 for the high pressure steam is totally or partly disposed inside of the packings III, II, and I2.

In Fig. 8 the clamping devices for the structure of Fig. 7 areillustrated. As in Figs. 2 and 3, the left end of the assembly is clamped by a ring 65 which is screwed to the disc 54 and the hub 59 by means of bolts 66 and to the cover 46 by means of the studs 61. The right end of the assembly is secured against \relative movement by means of clamping pieces 68 which space the disc 48 relatively to the casing 45 and are fastened to said casing by means of wing screws 69. These clamping pieces, of which three are preferably used on the circumference, are brought into place through openings 12.

In Fig. 9 the method and apparatus for assembling and dismantling according to the invention are applied to the drive and arrangement of auxiliary devices. The parts arranged in the housing 3 of the main bearing 2 and the parts of the steam turbines proper are numbered in Fig. 9 as in the above described figures as far as they are shown according to the smaller scale. All that has been said in connection with the assembling and dismantling of these parts in the description of the other figures applies also to the steam turi bine cylinder of the Fig. 9. But in the same way as the parts enclosed in the housing 3 are moved during assembling and dismantling through flange 44 attached to said housing, the steam driven parts and the bearing parts as well as the labyrinth parts are moved during assembling and dismantling through flange I8 attached to the casing 43, which during the operation ,of the machine encloses the steam driven parts. The flange 18. or rather the opening of said flange, is closed during the operation of the machine by the casing I9 provided for the parts of the auxiliary devices described below, the casing 19 in which the auxiliary devices are arranged being traversed by oil, that is, by another medium than the casing 43 through which the steam flows, and a packing is arranged between casing 43 and housing I9. In other words the bearing and turbine parts-bladings and packingshave to be moved through a space which is occupied by the auxiliary devices during the operation of the machine.

In Fig. 9 the main shaft I is extended by means of a comparatively thin and flexible shaft I3. This shaft I3 is coupled with the shaft I by means of a hollow bushing 14 which is at the one end screwed into the shaft I at 15 and at the other end connected to the shaft 13 by means of a shoulder 16 and a nut 11, suitable keys (not shown) transferring the torque. At the other end the shaft 13 is coupled in a similar manner to a hollow shaft 18 by means of a shoulder 19 and a nut 80. Suitable keys (not shown) may again be employed to transfer the torque.

On the hollow shaft 18 are arranged the thrust collars 8| of the thrust bearing 82, the rotating parts of the exciter 83, and a gear 84 which engages with the chain of spur gears 85, 86, and 81, the gear 81 driving directly the gear pump (oil pump) 88 and through the bevel gears 89 the governor 90. All that has been said above in connection with Fig. 9 applies also to Fig. 10. The only difference in the two figures is the following:

In Fig. 9 the hollow shaft 10 is held in a centric position on the shaft 13 at both ends by means of the closely fitting surfaces 9I and 92. Thus the shafts 13 and 18 may be regarded as one unit supported at the one end in the main shaft I at 93, at the other end, or rather close to the centre, in the journal bearing94.

In Fig. 10 the hollow shaft 18 is supported at both ends by means of journal bearings 94 and 95, the shaft 13 being centered in the hollow shaft 18 only at the right end at 9|.

In both Figs. 9 and 10 the thrust is transferred from the main shaft I through the shaft 13 to the hollow shaft 18 on which the thrust collars 8| are mounted. In this connection it is not essential that the nuts 11 and 80 be screwed down on the shoulders of the bushing 14 and of the hollow shaft 18, a small axial play being preferred so as to allow for some flexibility in the couplings. In this way any disalignment between the shafts I and 18 is easily taken care of by some inclination of the shaft 13 which on the other side is flexible in itself in view of its small diameter and great length. Furthermore, only a very small torque has to be transferred through the couplings between said shafts as little power is required to drive the exciter 83 and the oil pump 88 with the governor 90.

After removing the cover 96 at the right end of the assembly of Fig. 9 a clamping piece 91 is brought in place as shown in Fig. 11 and fastened to the exciter 83 by means of bolts 98. lhis clamping piece 91 connects rigidly the hollow shaft 18 with the exciter housing 83 in radial direction. No clamping is required during assembling or dismantling in the arrangement according to Fig. 10 as the hollow shaft 18 is here held in two journal bearings 94 and 95.

To remove the whole assembly of the auxiliary devices as a closed unit by sliding it off from the shaft 13 only the nut 80a has to be unscrewed and the flange 99 freed from the flange 1.88.; but the flange I alone may be freed from the casing 19, in which case the casing IOI bolted to the flange I00 goes with the exciter housing 83 and only the casing 19 with the packing 80, the gear chain 86, 81, and the oil pump 88 with the governor 90 stays in place. The casing 19 may then be removed afterwards together with the packing 80 or said packing may be taken off separately. The hollow shaft 18 is held in axial direction inside'of the assembly by the thrust bearing, in radial direction by the journal bearings or the clamping piece 91.

In order to make clear the scope of the invention, it may be mentioned that the casing 43 may be the main part of the casing enclosing the parts impinged by the steam (as in Figs. 9 and 10), or it may be only a more or less minor part of such casing (as in Figs. 1 and 7), or it may be integral with the casing 45 (as in Figs. and 6).

It may be mentioned that the casings 43, 19, and 83 have no axial split line. Only the casing IOI may be taken apart in a radial direction thus giving access to the thrust and journal bearings 82 and 94. It is rather essential that the casings 19 have no axial split line as in this casing collecting channels, I02, I03, and I04 are provided in the same way as in the housing 3 (as described above). To allow for the shortest length of these collecting channels along the shaft 13 and for an easy casting of the casing 19, conical casings or walls I05, I06, and I01 are again caulked into the walls of the collecting channels cast integral with the casing 19. One separate ring of the carbon stufling box 80 is fastened at the inner diameter of said conical casings or walls I05, I06 and some other means of packing at the wall I01. Thus a very effective packing between the casing 43 and the casing 19 is obtained. From the collecting channel I02 leaking steam at some pressure above the atmosphere is drained off, from the collecting channel I03 the rest of the leaking steam at atmospheric pressure, while the collecting channel I04 is provided to prevent any trace of steam getting into the part of the casing 19 which is traversed by oil or to prevent any trace of oil getting into the steam space. The conical casings or walls I05, I06, and I01 are caulked into the walls integral with the casing 19 and easily removable.

The described construction of the packing is very essential for the arrangement according to the invention as a very short length of the packing is required to allow an overhung arrangement of the assembly. Carbon-stuffing rings are very suitable for this case as they give a good packing at reduced length, the diameters to be packed being small.

I claim:

1. In a turbomachine impinged by a working medium, in combination, a main shaft, bearing bushes adapted to be inserted into and withdrawn from the machine by axial movement along said main shaft thereof, a housing sealed against the working medium and enclosing said bearing bushes, an adjacent casing sealed against the bearing oil, said casing being filled with the working medium during the operation of the machine, a flange arranged between said housing and said casing to be closed by a packing device and through which flange said bearing bushes are moved during insertion into or removal from the machine, and cooperating discs disposed within said casing and carrying blades or fins impinged by the working medium and normally blocking the movement of said bearing bushes through said flange, said discs being removable from the main shaft by axial movement to afford access to said bearing bushes and to enable said bearing, bushes to be moved through said flange after the removal of said discs.

2. A combination according to claim 1 wherein the cooperating discs are removed fro-m the main shaft or inserted onto the shaft as an assembled unit.

3. In a turbomachine impinged by a working medium, in combination, a main shaft, bearing bushes adapted to be inserted into or withdrawn from the machine by axial movement along the main shaft thereof, a housing saled against the working medium and enclosing said bearing bushes, an adjacent casing sealed against the bearing oil, said casing being filled with the working medium duringthe operation of the machine, a flange arranged between said housing and said casing to be closed by a packing device, and through which flange said bearing bushes are moved during insertion into or removal from the machine, cooperating discs disposed Within said casing carrying blades or fins impinged by the working medium, and normally blocking the movement of said bearing bushes through said flange, said discs being removable from the main shaft as an assembled unit by axial movement to afford access to said bearing bushes and to enable said bearing bushes to be moved through said flange after the removal of said discs, and detachable clamping means for holding together the cooperating discs aforesaid during their insertion or removal.

4. In a turbomachine impinged by a working medium, in combination, a main shaft of the machine, bearing bushes supporting said shaft, a housing enclosing said bearing bushes, packing discs for sealing said housing against the working medium, an adjacent casing sealed against the bearing oil'and filled with the working medium, a flange arranged between said housing and said casing and through which said packing discs are moved during insertion into and removal from the machine, and cooperatingdiscs disposed with in said casing and carrying bladesor finsimpinged by the working medium and normally blocking the movement of said packing discs through said I flange, said discs being removable from the main shaft by axial movement to afford access to said packing discs and to enable said packing discs to be moved through said flange after the removal of said discs.

5. In a turbomachine impinged by a working medium, in combination with the apparatus claimed in claim 1, an extension shaft constituting an extension of the main shaft, and auxiliary devices disposed outside the aforementioned cooperating discs, said devices being movable along the said extension shaft as an assembled unit for the purpose of inserting them into or removing them from the assembly.

6. In a turbomachine impinged by a working medium, in combination with the apparatus claimed in claim 1, an extension shaft constituting an extension of the main shaft, auxiliary devices including relatively stationary and rotatory parts disposed outside of the aforementioned co-' operating discs and movable along the said extension shaft as an assembled unit for the purpose of inserting them into or removing them from the assembly, a casing for said devices movable therewith during assembly and disassembly, and detachable clamping means for holding together the stationary and rotatory parts of the auxiliary devices during their movement together with their associated casing.

7. In a turbomachine impinged by a working medium, in combination, a main shaft, bearing bushes adapted to be inserted into and withdrawn from the machine by axial movement along the main shaft thereof, a housing sealed against the working medium and enclosing said bearing bushes, an adjacent casing sealed against the bearing oil and filled with the working medium, a flange arranged between said housing and said casing to be closed by a packing device and through which flange said bearing bushes are moved dun'ng insertion into or removal from the machine, cooperating stationary and rotatory discs disposed within said casing and carrying blades -or fins impinged by the working medium and normally blocking the movement of said bearing bushes through said flange, said discs being removable from the main shaft by axial movement to afford access to said bearing bushes and to enable said bearing bushes to be moved through said flange after the removal of said discs, and a detachable flange covering the opening in the aforementioned flange arranged between said housing and said casing and adapted to be removed to enable the cooperating stationary and rotatory discs to be removed and inserted together with said flange as a unit.

8. A combination according to claim 4 wherein closable apertures are provided in the aforementioned casing for enabling the clamping means to be applied to or removed from the cooperating discs disposed therein.

9. A combination according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said rotatory discs disposed axially behind each other is arranged on a common bush which is adapted to be slid over the main shaft or removed therefrom.

10. In a turbomachine impinged by a working medium, the combination with the apparatus claimed in claim 1, of a thin and elastic extension shaft constituting a continuation of the main shaft, a bearing for said main shaft, a detachable coupling between the main shaft and the extension shaft located Within said bearing, and auxiliary devices disposed outside the removable cooperating discs and movable along the aforesaid extension shaft for the purpose of inserting them into or removing them from the assembly as an assembled unit.

11. In a turbomachine impinged by a working medium, the combination with the apparatus claimed in claim 1, of an extension shaft constituting an extension of the main shaft, a hollow shaft surrounding said extension shaft, a coupling between the extension shaft and the hollow shaft arranged at the end of the latterwemote from the main shaft, and. auxiliary devices disposed outside the removable cooperating discs and movable along the aforesaid hollow shaft for the purpose of inserting theminto and removing them from the assembly as an assembled unit.

12. In a turbomachine impinged by a working medium, the combination with the shaft of the machine, of'a hub member adapted to be fastened to'and detached from said shaft, a plurality of discs rotating in the same direction anclv carrying blades or fins impinged by the working medium and separately and detachably fastened to said hub member, and at least one stationarydisc without axial split line carrying blades or fins impinged by the working medium and arranged between said rotary discs, the rotary and stationary discs being capable of being associated with or removed from said shaft together. with said hub member as an assembled unit.

13. In a turbomachine impinged by a working medium, the combination with the shaft of the machine, of a 'hub member adapted to be fastened to and detached from said shaft, a plurality of discs rotating in the same direction and carrying blades or fins impinged by the working.

medium and separately and detachably fastened to said hub member, and at leasto'ne' stationary disc without axial split line carrying blades or fins impinged by the working medium and arranged between said rotary discs, the rotary and stationary discs being capable of being associated with or removed from, said shaft together with said hub member as an assembled unit, and detachable clamping means for holding together the rotary and stationary discs aforesaid during their connection with or removal from the shaft.

14. A combination according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of said rotatory discs disposed axially behind each other is arranged on a common bush which is adapted to be slid over the main shaft or removed therefrom.

15. A turbomachine as defined in claim 12 wherein said shaft is a stub shaft, said hub member being removable from said stub shaft over the free end of the latter.

16. In a turbomachine impinged by a working medium, the combination with the shaft of the machine, of a hub member adapted to .be fastened to and detached from said shaft, a plurality of discs rotating in the same direction and carrying blades or fins impinged by the working medium, the hub member being integral at the most with one of the discs and the other discs being separately and detachably fastened to said hub member, and at least one stationary disc without radial split line carrying blades or fins impinged by the working medium and arranged between said rotary discs, the rotary and stationary discs being capable of being associated with or removed from said shaft together with said hub member as an assembled unit.

ULRICH MEININGHAUS.

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