US2099519A - Woodworking tool - Google Patents

Description

7 Nov. 16, 1937. T. L. HEDGPETH WOODWORKING TOOL Filed March 5, 1936 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 A m %m j 1 KN T A MW v l.

Nov. 16, 1937.

T. L. HEDGPETH WOODWORKING TOOL 4 She't-Sheet 4 Filed March 5, 1936 kj Zi' ya Patented Nov. 16, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIE 2,099,519 WooDWoaKING TooL Application March 5,

6 Claims.

The present invention relates to wood working tools, and is particularly concerned with jointers.

One of the objects of the invention is the provision of an improvedjointer structure which combines the features of solidity, smoothness and accuracy in the adjustment and operation of its parts.

Another object is the provision of an improved jointer having an improved extension arrangement whereby the jointer is adapted to handle longer pieces of lumber and to prevent the bending of the relatively long and slender work pieces upon the table.

Another object is the provision of an improved guide or fence for jointers and an improved mode of support for the fence whereby it may be firmly and rigidly held in any of a plurality of angular positions and at different distances from the cutter.

Another object is the provision of an improved adjustable table structure by means of which the two parts of the table of the jointer may be raised or lowered to various predetermined elevations to determine the depth of cut in the work piece.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings, in which similar characters of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the four sheets of drawings accompanying this specification,

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a jointer constructed according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a front elevational view in partial section, showing the details of structure of the table and cutter;

Fig. 3 is a side elevation taken. from the right end of Fig. l;

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view taken on the plane of the line 44 of Fig. 1, showing the details of support of the guide or fence;

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional View taken on the plane of the line 5-5 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows, showing the details of structure of the cutter shaft support and the angular adjusting means for the guide;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the plane of the line 6-5 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows, showing the details of structure of the connection between the supporting links for the guide or fence and the clamping means for securing it in any predetermined angular position;

1936, Serial No. 67,221

Fig. 7 is another sectional View, taken on the plane of the line 1-1 of Fig. 1, showing the relation of the various supporting elements of the guide or fence;

Fig. 8'is another fragmentary sectional view, taken on the plane of the line 88 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows, showing the details of structure of the clamping means for securing the guide at any predetermined distance from the cutter;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view, taken on the plane of the line 9-9 of Fig. 2, showing the details of structure of the clamping arrangement.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 3, the jointer, which is indicated in its entirety by the numeral l0, preferably consists of' a supporting base I! and a pair of movable table sections [2, I3, a cutting tool I4, and a guide or fence IS. The base I l comprises a cast metal member which is substantially box-like in form, having an open bottom, and comprising the four side walls I6, ll, l8, l9 joined together.

These side walls are preferably provided with the integral feet 20 located at each corner and having bolt apertures for thereception of bolts or lag screws which secure the jointer to a foundation or supporting bench or table. The top of the base member H is provided with the sloping walls 2|, 22 which support the table sections l2 and [3 for sliding movement in such manner that these table sections approach or recede from the cutter I4 and are adapted to be placed at various predetermined elevations.

For this purpose each top wall Zl, 22 may be formed with the dove-tailed groove 23 for the reception of the downwardly projecting dovetailed guide formation 24, which is located on the lower side of each table section.

These grooves and dove- tailed formations 23, 24 slidably engage each other, and since they extend diagonally upward toward the cutter from the end walls l6 and Hi, the table sections are adapted to move up and down as the dove-tailed formation slides in its groove.

Each upper wall 2|, 22 is preferably formed with a portion of increased thickness, having the transversely and diagonally upwardly extending bore 25 for reception of the stub shaft 26, having a threaded bore 21. This stub shaft passes through a slot 28in the lower wall 29 of each table section and does not, therefore, interfere with the sliding action of the table section.

Each table section is preferably formed with an upper flat surface 30, a lower horizontally extending wall 3| which curves downwardly to meet the diagonal bottom wall 29, a flat end wall section 32, and a curved end wall section 33. The side wall portions 34 complete the hollow table sections, all of these parts preferably being integral and formed with cast metal.

The curved wall 3! may be provided with a portion of increased thickness about a bore 35 which extends with its axis substantially parallel to the direction of the dove-tailed groove and formation 23 and 24. This bore receives a shaft 35, having a crank 31 at its outer end and having a thrust collar 38 just inside the wall 3|.

The threaded end 39 of shaft 36 is threaded into the bore 21 in stub shaft 26, and by rotate ing the shaft 35 with crank 31 the table section it! may be caused to progress in either direction slidably with respect to the base I I or lower the table section.

The right table section is preferably provided with scale 45, which may comprise a small metal plate having printed thereon scale divisions to indicate the depth of cut and suitable indicia such as 0, A A

The base I! is also preferably provided with a small sheet metal pointer 4| secured thereto by a screw bolt and having its point disposed above the scale 49. Since the scale 49 is disposed diagonally with respect to a vertical line, it indicates the vertical adjustment of this table section l3 on a larger scale and permits a more accurate adjustment than any vertical scale.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 9, each table section is preferably provided with means for clamping the table section in predetermined position with respect to the base, which may comprise a screw member 42, which is threaded into a bore 43 in the front wall H of the base, and is provided with a knurled head 44. The end of the screw bolt 42 is adapted to engage a flat metal strip 45, which is located between the wall of the'groove 23 and the dove-tailed formation 24, suitable clearance being provided.

The metal strip 45 is held in place by a plurality of set screws 46, which have their rounded ends engaging in rounded sockets in the strip the screws being so adjusted in their bores in the front wall I! that they hold the strip 45 in its position without clamping the dove-tailed formation 24. The clamping screw 42, however, is adapted to force the strip 45 against the dovetailed formation 24, clamping this formation against the opposite side of groove 23 and secur ing the table section in any predetermined position.

Lock nuts 4l on set screws 46 hold these set screws in adjusted position. Each table section preferably has its end wall 32 provided with laterally projecting lugs 43, which have horizontally extending bores 49. The two lugs 48 at each end of the table have their bores 49 parallel to each other, and are adapted to slidably receive the extension shafts 5953. The table extensions each comprise a pair of shafts 59, 5!, or 52, the shafts being slidably engaged in the bores 49 and having their outer ends secured together by a transverse extension frame'member 54.

This transverse extension frame member comprises a cast metal member which-is formed with a pair of laterally projecting lugs suitably located to receive the ends of the shafts. The ends of the shafts are secured in bores 55 in these lugs by being threaded into these bores or in other convenient fastening means, and the trans verse frame member is provided with a pair of laterally projecting bearing flanges 51.

nions 50. so as to raise Each bearing flange has a bearing groove 58 extending into it from the top, and a transverse roller 59 has its axially projecting trunnions 69 in the bearing grooves 58. The roller 59 is substantially cylindrical and is so adjusted that it has its upper surface tangent to the plane of the table section to which it is secured; that is, in the plane of the table top. In order to adjust this position of the roller 59 accurately the bearing brackets 5! are preferably provided with .vertically extending bores GI for receiving the set screws 52.

The bores 55 communicate with the grooves 58 so that the set screws 62 may project into the grooves 59 and engage the lower edge of the trun- The trunnions may have their actual bearing support on the ends of the set screws 6|, so that the rollers 59 may be adjusted so that they have their uppermost surface exactly in the plane of the table top section to which they are attached. Thus these roller extensions are adapted to' project beyond the ends 32 of the table sections and to support a work piece at a considerable distance from the tool or cutter I4. This is of particular importance where relatively slender stock is being worked, as the stock might otherwise sag at each end by bending upward at the middle.

When the roller extensions are not being used,

they may be pushed in close to the ends of the table sections, and they may be secured in any desired position by means of a clamping screw bolt 63, which is located in a threaded bore in the lug 48 and adapted to engage one'of the shafts 59 or 5|, 52 or 53.

Referring to Fig. 1, the trunnions 69 of the rollers 59 may beheld in the grooves 58 by the heads of screw bolts 63, which are threaded into the threaded bores located so closely to the grooves 58 that the beveled lower surfaces of the heads of bolts 63 overhang the trunnions 60.

The adjustment of these screw bolts also permits the trunnions to be raised and lowered, since these screw bolts may be withdrawn as the set screws 92 are threaded into the bearing brackets.

One of the table sections, such as the section l2, may be provided in one of its walls, such as the rear Wall, with an integral tubular formation 54 (Fig. 4), having an axially extending bore 65, which'has its axis located parallel to the plane of the table and parallel to the axis of the cutter. This bore may fixedly support a stub shaft 66, which is preferably provided with a groove 61, formed with two flat intersecting plane surfaces so as to be substantially triangular in section.

The shaft 66 maybe secured in bore 95 with its groove uppermost, by means of a set screw member 98, which has a non-circular socket 59 for engaging a wrench, and which is provided with a cup-shaped end 10 adapted to grip the shaft 66 and hold it securely.

The groove 91 is adapted to engage the complementary frusto-conical end I I .of a hand screw 12, having a knob 13. This hand screw is carried by a fence supporting collar 14, comprising a cast metal member formed with an upper attaching flange 15 and with a lower body portion having a bore I6 for slidably receiving the shaft 65. V

A threaded bore Tl extends through the body 74 from the top and receives the threaded hand screw 12. The body 14 is adapted'to support the attaching flange T8 of a fence supporting fixture 19. The attaching flange 18 is provided with a centrally located aperture 89 for passing the hand screw 12 and for rotatably mounting this fixture I9 on the hand screw. Both the attaching flange I8 and the-body 14 of the collar may be provided with the curved peripheries 81 and 82, and the latter may support a pointer 83 which is secured thereto by a screw bolt 94.

The peripheral surface BI is located at a predetermined radius from the center of hand screw 12 so that when the fixture I9 is rotated on this screw I2 the surface 8| moves adjacent the pointer 83. Surface 8I may be provided with a single mark for the purpose of indicating the position of the fixture when the fence is at right angles to the axis of a cutting tool, or it may be provided with any desired. angular indicia to indicate this and/or other positions.

The collar body I4 has its attaching flange I5 provided with threaded bores 85 for the securing bolts 86. These bolts may be provided with washers and pass through elongated slots 81 in the attaching flanges I8, the slots permitting movement of the fixture I9 with respect to the attaching bolts 86 when the bolts are loosened.

As a general rule, the bolts 86 may be driven home to secure the fixture I9 in such position that the fence extends parallel to the edges of the table sections or at right angles to the axis of the cutting tool.

The fence supporting fixture I9 has a forwardly extending body portion carried by attaching flange I8 and provided with a pair of upwardly extending bearing portions 85', 86. These bearing portions may be'joined by "the upwardly extending reinforcing ribs 81', and they are provided with alignedbores 88 for receiving the shaft 89. The shaft 89 is rotatably supported in bores 88, and is provided at each end with thrust collars 99, 9|, each thrust collar being secured on the shaft by an appropriate set screw.

The shaft also carries a radially projecting handle 92, which is provided with a reduced threaded end 93 that is threaded home in a threaded bore 94 in the shaft. The bearing portion 86' preferably has a curved upper surface formed at the same radius from the center of shaft 89 as thrust collar 99 so that the bearing portion 86 may support a pointer 95 adjacent a scale 99 carried by thrust collar 90.

The scale 99 is preferably provided with angular indicia and scale divisions, the indicia beginning at zero in the middle of the scale and extending in both directions from the middle, such as 0, 15, 30, and 45 degrees. The pointer 95 may consist of a small sheet metal pointer formed withan attaching flange 91 at right angles to the pointer and secured by a screw bolt 98 to the bearing portion 86'.

The pointer 95 may be turned slightly on the screw bolt 98 to effect an adjustment of the proper position for the end of the pointer, after which it may be clamped in place by the screw bolt 98.

The fence or guide I5 preferably comprises a cast metal member of substantially rectangular shape in elevation, provided with a fiat machined forwardsurface 99 for engaging the work piece. It may have rearwardly projecting reinforcing ribs I99 at its border and extending from the bottom to the top at various points throughout its length, particularly at points directly opposite the thrust collars 99 and 9|.

' and adapted to receive the pivot bolts I9I,II9.

Each pivot bolt I9'I--I I l! is preferably provided with spring washers so that the nuts on the bolts may resiliently clamp the flanges I99-I95 and assist in holding the fence in'predeterinined position, after it has been adjusted.

.The pivot bolts Itl-I I9 pass through the ends of a plurality of links III-H4. The opposite end of each link is provided with an aperture I 5 for receiving the pivot bolts l It-I E9. The pivot bolts H8 and H8 may consist of bolts having an enlarged trunnion portion I29 and a reduced threaded portion I2 I, so that they may be threaded home in threaded bores I22 in the thrust collars 98, 9|. The pivot bolts II! and H9 may be identical in shape and construction, except that the head is replaced by an enlarged knob I23,

7 which may be grasped by the hand for the pur- The thrust collars, fence and linksv Ill, IM'

form two parallelogram linkages, one at each end of the shaft 89, and by this means the fence or guide I5 may be supported above the table sec tions in any of a plurality of predetermined positions, as shown in Fig. 7.

In orderv to effect an adjustment of this fence, it is only necessary to grasp the handle 92, after loosening the clamping bolts II 1, M9 by means of knobs I23, and the pivotal movement of shaft 89 causes a corresponding angular movement of the fence I5. When the fence is at the desired position, as indicated by the pointer 95, the knobs I23 are used to drive the bolts Ill, I I9 home and clamp the linkages in that position. The base II has its front wall I! and rear wall I9 provided with bearing supporting formations comprising the partially cylindrical sockets or bores I24, I25. Each of these sockets or bores is formed in the base during the casting operation, and each one is formed by an inwardly extending flange I26, I21, which has a vertically extending bore I28 for receiving the screw bolts I29, I39.

The side walls of the sockets I24, I25 are also formed with transverse threaded bores on each side of the bearing supporting members I3I, I32 for receiving set screws I33, which also assist in clamping the bearing supporting members ISI, I32 in place in the bores I24, I25. The screw bolts I29, I39 pass through the bores I28, and are threaded into threaded bores I34 in the bearing supporting members to secure these bearing sup porting members in the sockets.

The cutter I4 is fixedly mounted upon the shaft I35 for rotation about a horizontal axis,

and preferably comprises an integral enlargedistance from such axis.

The outer race I39 is a frictional fit in a cylindrical bore I66 formed in the bearing supporting member MI.

The bearing supporting member I3I comprises a substantially cylindrical metal member having the bore I 56 in one side for receiving the ball bearing race I 39. It is secured in place by the bolt I 28 and by set screws on each side which pass through the walls of the flanges I 26. It may also have a threaded bore MI communicating with the here i 46 and closed by a screw plug I 42 to provide access to the bearing for oiling.

The reduced end I36 of the shaft may also have a slight taper, if desired, for securing the race I31 in place. The shaft I35 is preferably provided with a slight enlargement adjacent the body of the cutter I5, forming the annular shoulder I43, which engages the edge of inner race I 44. This shaft end is rotatably mounted in a ball bearing assembly comprising the inner race I44, balls I45,

outer race I446.

The outer race Miimay be mounted in a cylindrical socket I41 in the bearing member I48. Bearing member I48 may be secured in the bearing supporting member I32 by a pair of set screws which engage in an annular groove in the bearing member I68. The bearing supporting member E32 comprises a sleeve having the cylindrical bore 556 for receiving the bearing member M6, and having the threaded bores ISI for the set screws I 35.

The shaft I35 is preferably provided with a suitable pulley I 52 for driving the cutter. The body of the cutter I4 comprises a substantially cylindrical member which is formed with a plurality of grooves for the reception and to permit the clamping of the cutter blades I553.

The grooves E56 are of suflicient sizeto receive the cutter blades, and they extend at a slight angle to a radial line and are equally spaced about the periphery of the cutter body. These grooves extend longitudinally of the cylindrical body and are located in a plane which is parallel to the axis of the body and shaft. The body is also preferably provided with relatively narrow slots or grooves 55, one of such slots being provided for each blade slot I54.

The slots I55 extend transversely to the blade slots 55%, preferably at substantially right angles, and extend almost to the slots I54, leaving a relatively narrow neck of material connecting the clamping portion I56 with the main body of the cutter. This gives the clamping portion I56 resilient characteristics, and it is provided in each case with a plurality of transverse bores I51 for receiving set screws I58 that clamp the blade in place.

Each blade I53 comprises a fiat piece of suitable tool steel which has a cutting edge produced by means of a bevel I59 on the rear side of the blade. The blades are all so disposed in the cutter body that their cutting edges I66 are parallel to the axis of the body and shaft and at the same radial Any number of cutter blades may be used, and in the present embodiment three cutter blades have been equally spaced about the periphery of the cutter body I4.

The body is also preferably provided with a. shallow partially cylindrical groove I6I, extending longitudinally of the cylindrical body in front of each blade I53 for directing shavings which come from the cutter blade edge I66. This curved surface tends to cause the shavings to curl away from the blade, and helps to effect a removal of the shavings fromthe vicinity of the blade.

The table section I3 differs from the table section I2 also in the fact that it is preferably provided with an integral guard extension I62. This guard extension comprises a continuation of the top of the table, which is bordered by a depending border flange I63 for reinforcement. It projects forwardly from the table section I3, and then extends longitudinally past the end of the shaft I36 into a position adjacent the end of table section I2. The table section I3 is also provided with a laterally projecting lug I64 having a vertically extending bore I65 for receiving a stub shaft I66 that carries a movable guard I 61.

The movable guard I61 comprises a cast metal member of sufficient length and width so that its main body I66 covers the cutter opening I69 which exists between the table sections I2 and I3. It is provided with a diagonally and vertically extending arm. I16 extending over and above the bore I65, and has a vertically extending bore I1I within which the shaft I66 is secured. Shaft I66 thus serves to mount the guard I61 for rotation in the bore I65. I The guard I61 is also preferably provided with a depending border flange I12 for reinforcement purposes, and with a depending slide flange I13, which is located at such a radius to the shaft I66 that it can never strike the cutter I4. It slidably engages the top of table section I3.

The guard I61 also has inwardly extending lug formation I14 provided with a bore I15 for receiving a pin I16 fixedly secured therein and serving as a stop for engaging the grooved stop surface I11 formed in the edge of the table section I3. A helical spring I11 has one end hooked in a cotter pin I18 which is secured in a bore in the guard extension wall I63, and the spring has its opposite end secured in a cotter pin located in a bore in a laterally projecting lug I19 carried by guard I61.

Spring I11 thus urges the guard I61 into the position of Fig. 1, from which it may be moved by hand or by any work piece which engages the beveled work-engaging surface or wall I86 on the arm I16. The angle of this wall I86 is such, with respect to the direction of passage of work longitudinally of the tables, that a piece of lumber en gaging the wall I86 cams the guard I61 downward in Fig. 1; that is, laterally with respect to the top of the table. As soon as the work has passed, the guard I61 moves back into the position of Fig. 1, covering the cutter and preventing injury.

The stop pin I16 is intended to prevent the guard I61 from hitting the fence I at this time, since the blows so struck by the guard might otherwise change the adjustment of the fence. If desired, the depending border flange of the table section I3 may be provided with a set screw adjustably engaging the pin I16 so as to set the final position of the guard I61 in accordance with the placing of the fence I5 to prevent contact between the guard and fence at every adjustment of the fence.

While I have illustrated a preferred embodiment of my invention, many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and I do not wish to be limited to the precise details of construction set forth, but desire to avail myself of all changes within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In a wood working tool, the combination with a table section movably mounted on said base, a cutter carried by said base, said table having bores located in parts of said table extending parallel to the table top, a pair of rods, each rod being mounted in a bore in said table section, the two adjacent ends of said rods being joined by a transverse frame member located outside said table whereby said transverse frame member may be located at a point spaced from, said table and supported from said table by said rods to provide an extension of said table, said transverse frame member having a pair of bearings and a roller having its trunnions located in said bearings to support the work, said roller being secured in place in said bearings by the over-hanging heads of threaded members threaded into said transverse frame member.

2. In a Wood planer, the combination of a sup-- port with a suitable cutter mounted for rotation about a horizontal axis, a work table comprising a pair of movable table members adapted to be elevated or lowered with respect to the cutter, to determine the depth of cut, said table members having substantially horizontal upper work surfaces, and an extension for each of said work table members, said extensions being slidably mounted on said members and extending in opposite directions therefrom and having a supporting roller on each extension, the upper surface of which is adapted to be adjusted to the plane of work surfaces of said table members, for the purpose of supporting a long board at widely spaced points, to prevent its bowing upward on the table above the cutter, due to the weight of the projecting ends of the board, said table members being provided with parallel cylindrical bores, and said extension comprising a transverse metal frame member supporting a pair of cylindrical rods in parallel relation for sliding movement in said bores, said transverse frame member having bearing lugs provided with vertically elongated grooves, said roller having trunnions in said grooves, and adjustable threaded means mounted in the base of said grooves, to determine the elevation of each roller with respect to its table member.

3. In a wood planer, the combination of a support with a suitable cutter mounted for rotation about a horizontal axis, a work table comprising a pair of movable table members adapted to be elevated or lowered with respect to the cutter, to determine the depth of out, said table members having substantially horizontal upper work surfaces, and an extension for each of said work table members, said extensions being slidably mounted on said members and extending in opposite directions therefrom and having a supporting roller on each extension, the upper surface of which is adapted to be adjusted to the plane of work surfaces of said table members, for the purpose of supporting a long board at widely spaced points, to prevent its bowing upward on the table above the cutter, due to the weight of the projecting ends of the board, said table members being provided with parallel cylindrical bores, and said extension comprising a transverse metal frame member supporting a pair of cylindrical rods in parallel relation for sliding movement in said bores, said transverse frame member having bearing lugs provided with vertically elongated grooves, said roller having trunnions in said grooves, and adjustable threaded means mounted in the base of said grooves, to determine the elevation of each roller with respect to its table member, said trunnions being secured in said grooves by a threaded mem-- ber threaded into said bearing lugs adjacent said grooves, and having its head over-hanging said trunnions in said grooves.

4. In a table extension, the combination of a support provided with a pair of parallel cylindrical bores, a pair of cylindrical rods adapted to be slidably mounted in said bores, said cylindrical rods having their outer ends fixedly mounted in a transverse frame member, with the rods in parallel position, said transverse frame member having bearing lugs provided with upwardly open grooves, a roller having trunnions of reduced size at each end, mounted for rotation in said grooves, and means for securing said trunnions in said grooves, comprising threaded members having their shanks threaded into threaded bores in each of said bearing lugs, and having their heads over-lying said trunnions, to prevent withdrawal of the trunnions from the bearing grooves.

5. In a table extension, the combination of a support provided with a pair of parallel cylindrical bores, a pair of cylindrical rods adapted -to be slidably mounted in said bores, said cylindrical rods having their outer ends fixedly mounted in a transverse frame member, with the rods in parallel position, said transverse frame member having bearing lugs provided with upwardly open grooves, a roller having trunnions of reduced size at each end, mounted for rotation in said grooves, and means for securing said trunnions in said grooves, comprising threaded members having their shanks threaded into threaded bores in each of said bearing lugs, and having their heads overlying said trunnions, to prevent Withdrawal of the trunnions from the bearing grooves, each of said bearing grooves communicating with a threaded bore at its base, and a threaded member in each of said bores engaging and supporting a trunnion, whereby the upper surface of the roller may be brought into the plane of a work surface carried by said supporting member.

6. In a wood planer, the combination of a support with a suitable cutter mounted for rotation about a horizontal axis, a work table comprising a pair of movable table members adapted tobe elevated or lowered with respect to the cutter, to determine the depth of cut, said table members having substantially horizontal upper work surfaces, and an extension for each of said work table members, said extensions being slidably mounted on said members and extending in opposite directions therefrom and having a supporting roller on each extension, the upper surface of which is adapted to be adjusted to the plane of Work surfaces of said table 'members, for the purpose of supporting a long board at widely spaced points, to prevent its bowing upward on the table above the cutter, due to the weight of the projecting ends of the board, said extensions being provided with bearing grooves, and said rollers having trunnions at each end of each roller, and adjustable threaded means in said bearing grooves whereby each end of each roller may be separately adjusted to bring the rollers into parallel relation with the table top.

'I'HERON L. HEDGPETH.

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