US2099305A - Electrical device - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 16, 1937. A. LAMPL ELECTRICAL DEVICE Original Filed Sept. 24, 1926 INVENTOR. 5C

ATTORNEY.

Patented Nov. 16, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ELECTRICAL DEVICE Alfred Lampl, Berlin, Germany ma Electric Corporation,

assignor to Nor- New York, N. Y., a

March 11, 1932, Serial No. 599,149. many March 13, 1926 (Cl. 17H!) ICInim.

This invention relates to electrical devices such as lamps, sockets and the like articles.

It is particularly directed to electrical devices having shunts across the terminals thereof, particularly of the type wherein the fusing or irittlng properties of comminuted, granulated, chipped 0r powdered metallic material and the reduction of the resistance of said shunt above certain limits of voltage is utilized for the control and variation of the electrical devices.

The present application is a division of my application, Serial No. 137,802, filed September 24, 1926, for. Electrical resistances, which matured into Patent No. 1,878,153, issued September 20,

ll 1932. Said application Serial No. 137,602, was copending with my application Serial No. 68,042, filed November 9, 1925, which matured into Patent No. 1,692,272, issuedNovember 20, 1928, and which was reissued as Reissue Patent No. 18,495

on June 14, 1932. This application forms a continuation in part of said Patent No. 1,692,272 reissued as Reissue Patent No. 18,495. In my said patent there is described a resistance for serially mounted lamps in the shape of powdered granules or chips forming a normally non-conducting shunt to be used for example, for serially connected incandescent lamps. As stated in my said patent, upon the breaking down of a translating device, such as the filament of one of a series of lamps provided with said shunt, an automatic overbrldglng of the point of interruption is produced since the ,total voltage of the series is impressed on the particular shunt causing a fritting, partialor imperfect fusing, of the granules into as a conducting fritted mass, and the interruption of the current at the other serially arranged current consuming device is thus avoided.

After the defective lamp has been replaced, the particular shunt has generally been Jarred or 40 shaken up to unfrit the particles and render the shunt again non-conductive.

It is an object of my invention to provide means for obviatin'g the necessity for shaking or knocking the resistance against an object to unfrit the shunt and to automatically render the shunt again non-conductive. I accomplish this object by embedding the metallic granules, metal chips or metal powder in a solid binding material,

50 which by itself is not an electrical conductor, such for instance, as gypsum, chamotte, burnt clay, concrete, cement, mortar and the like. By this means, electrical resistances or shunts may be obtained which either present a very considerable electric resistance coeillcient, or are adapt- Divided and this application In Gered, to oppose a certain definite degree of resistance to the passage of current in accordance with the voltage at the terminals of the resistance, depending upon whether the voltage is above or below a certain limit, that is, the fritting limiting voltage, or the voltage at ,which fritting of the particles occurs.

In other words, it is an object of my invention to provide an electrical system in which a plurality of lamps are attached to sockets connected in series circuit, and to provide either the lamps at the bases thereof or the sockets, with shunts which are normally non-conductive at the voltage of each device, but which automatically become conductive at the voltage of the series and which will automatically again become non-conductive upon reduction of the voltage from that of the series to that of the individual device, without shaking or vibrating the devices or the shunts, so that the i'ritted mass automatically becomes unfritted upon reduction of the voltage.

A further object of this invention is to incorporate a shunt of the character described in the base of an electric lamp or other electrical devices having spaced terminals, and which may be connected in series circuit.

A still further object of this invention is to provide electrical devices such as lamps and the like, which shall be of economical construction and practical and efilcient to a high degree in use.

Other objects of this invention will in part be obvious and in part hereinafter pointed out.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangement of parts which will be exemplifled in the construction hereinafter described, and of which the scope of application will be indicated in the following claim.

In the accompaying drawing, in which is shown one of the various possible illustrative embodiments of this invention, I

Fig. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of an electric lamp embodying the invention; and

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary, axial, cross-sectional view of a lamp embodying the invention and il lustrating a modified construction thereof.

In Fig. 1 there is shown an electric lamp it having a base II and a bulb l2. Attached to the base II is a rear insulating disc l3 to which there is attached the usual central contact H. The filament II is connected on one side thereof, as at it, to the metallic screw shell Ii, and the opposite end of the filament is connected as at II to the central contact I. Disposed within the shell is a small axial tubular metallic memher I electrically interconnected by means of wire it or metallic strip to the central contact ll. Between the screw threaded shell portion of the base H and the metal tube I is a resistance shunt la. normally non-conductive at a low voltage of the lamp Ill and which automatically becomes conductive at the higher voltage of a series of the lamps when said lamps are connected together in series circuit and which will automatically become non-conductive again when the voltage is reduced to that of the lamp. The resistance or shunt la may likewise be comprised of metal particles such as for instance of particles of brass, iron, aluminum and may further be secured in an embedding material. The entire mass may be introduced into the base of the lamp in pasty or plastic condition and allowed to solidify in the base. Obviously, any other suitable resistance having properties above mentioned, may be substituted for the resistance lw.

In the form shown in Fig. 2, the lamp 20 is likewise provided with a base 2| and a bulb 2!. Embedded within the neck portion 23 of the bulb 22 is a resistance lb substantially similar to the resistances l and la. One end of the filament H for the lamp 20 is connected to the resistance or shunt lb and to the screw threaded metallic shell portion of the base 2|. The other end of the filament likewise extends through the resistance lb and is connected to the central contact of the lamp. The resistance lb is protected by a special ballast resistance 21 which may be in the form of a metallic filament oi. resistance wire of substantially the same resist ance as the incandescent filament 2l. The resistance 21 has one and embedded within the resistance lb and the other end thereoi is connected to the filament 2t.

In accordance with the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing, the sensitive fritted resistance lb is protected against excessive strain by the fixed ballast resistance 21 so that the resistance lb merely operates as a sensitive fritting valve and therefore may be selected of relatively small size.

It' will of course, be understood that the invention is not limited to the few forms of appli cations and embodied herewith shown and described, merely by way of illustration of the principle thereof, but may be utilized for various other equivalent purposes and changes in construction. Thus, other suitable resistances or shunts having properties set forth above may be substituted for the resistances la or lb and said shunts may be applied to a plurality of other electrical devices, not shown in the drawing. For example, as stated in my said re-issue patent, loosely aggregated particles of chips of iron, nickel or other metal may be disposed between the electrodes of a lamp in the base or glass body of said lamp. I

As various possible embodiments might be made oi the above invention, and as various changes might be made in the embodiment above set forth, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawing is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

An electric lamp comprising a base, a bulb attached thereto, a filament within the lamp having theends thereof connected to the terminals of the base, a shunt within the lamp across said filament, normally non-conducting below a predetermined voltage, and adapted to become automatically conducting above said voltage, and 9. ballast resistance having one end embedded within said shunt and the other end. thereof connected electrically to said filament.

ALFRED LAMPL.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2,0995505.

November 16, 1937. ALFRED LAIlPL.

It is hereby certified that the name of the assignee in the above numbered patent was erroneously written and printed as "Norma liileotrio Corporation" whereas said name-should have been written and printed as NomaElectric Corporation, of New York, N.Y., a corpora-'- tion of New York, as shown by the re'cord of assignments in this of-, fies; and that the said Letters Patent shduld be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case.

in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 25th day of January, A. D. 1958.

(Seal) Henry Van Arsdale, Acting Commissioner of Patents.

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