US2097727A - Tin alloys - Google Patents
Tin alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2097727A US2097727A US113256A US11325636A US2097727A US 2097727 A US2097727 A US 2097727A US 113256 A US113256 A US 113256A US 11325636 A US11325636 A US 11325636A US 2097727 A US2097727 A US 2097727A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloys
- tin
- heat treatment
- alloy
- tin alloys
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000498 pewter Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010957 pewter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
Definitions
- This invention relates to tin alloys and methods of producing the same.
- the object of the present invention is to produce improved tin alloys having all the advantages of the known alloys but possessing also to an unusually high degree the capacity for withstanding stresses for very long periods at room temperatures.
- the invention consists in tin alloys containing from 2 to 14 per cent. of antimony and about 1 to 10 per cent. of the balance being tin.
- the invention also consists in tin alloys according tothe preceding paragraph subjected to one or more predetermined heat treatments.
- tin alloy In carrying our invention into eifect in one convenient manner we may form our improved tin alloy according to any composition within the range 2 to 14 per cent. antimony and 1 to 10 per cent. cadmium, the balance being tin.
- Such alloys are strong and in particular their mechanical properties may be modified and improved by heat treatment, the alloys being capable of being used in the cast or worked state.
- the alloys When applying the improving heat treatment the alloys are first annealed within the temperature range 140 to 175 C. after which they may be cooled slowly as in a furnace, or rapidly by cooling in air, or in some liquid such as cold water or by any other known method of quenching. Some improvement is shewn in quite short periods (say, 15 minutes or even less) of such a heat treatment but the time necessary to give the maximum improvement in properties varies with the previous history of the alloy and can readily be determined by a few trials. After such treatment the alloys will be found to be stronger and to retain their improved properties permanently at ordinary temperatures. Still further improvements can be eifected by further annealing at a temperature which lies above 180 C. but below the temperature at which the particular alloy being treated begins to melt.
- any alloy is subjected to such heat treatment again varies with the previous history of the alloy and is usually not more than one hour but the appropriate time can be readily determined by a few trials.
- the alloys should preferably be cooled quickly as in air or in liquid although the rate of cooling may vary within comparatively wide limits without entirely altering the general eifect of the heat treatment.
- the first heat treatment should be applied for a period sufiicient 'to remove all traces of the tin-cadmitun eutectic from the microstructure of the alloy, the appropriate time being readily ascertainable by examining the microstructure at intervals during the heat treatment.
- alloys within the range given may be subjected to a third heat treatment consisting in heating to a temperature not exceeding C.
- the first two forms of heat treatment may be combined, in which case the alloys should be first heated for the appropriate time within the temperature range to C. and the temperature may thereafter be raised to between C. and the temperature at which the particular alloy under treatment begins to melt, the intermediate quenching or cooling process in such case being omitted.
- Tin alloys containing from 2 to 14 per cent. of antimony and about 1 to 10 per cent. of cadmium, the balance being tin.
- Tin alloys according to claim 1 heat treated by annealing Within the range 140 C. to 175 C. and subsequent cooling.
- Tin alloys according to claim 1 first heat treated by annealing within the range 140 C. to 175 C. and subsequent cooling, and thensubjected to a further heat treatment consisting of ing then rapidly cooled.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
Patented Nov. 2, 1937 Es. PATENT OFFlCE 'rm ALLoYs m Daniel Haas, Haselor, Alcester, and William Thomas Pell-Walpole, Tipton, England, assignors to John Campbell, Kensington, England No Drawing.
Application November 28, 1936,
Serial No. 113,256. In Great Britain December 4 Claims.
This invention relates to tin alloys and methods of producing the same.
It is known that the metal tin, although ductile, is very Weak, and numerous metals have been 5 alloyed with tin. with the object of increasing its strength without seriously impairing its ductility. Thus, lead, bismuth and antimony are commonly used for this purpose and ductile alloys of tin with these and other metals: are largely used in making pewter and for the manufacture of tin foil, sheet and strip used for a variety of purposes such as the wrapping of goods, the making of collapsible metal containers, the construction of chemically resistant plant and vessels, and
the like. Such tin alloys, however, have suffered from the disadvantage that their strength could not be permanently improved by cold working or heat treatment since any advantage resulting from those processes was temporary in character and disappeared in the course of a few days or weeks at ordinary atmospheric temperatures.
The object of the present invention is to produce improved tin alloys having all the advantages of the known alloys but possessing also to an unusually high degree the capacity for withstanding stresses for very long periods at room temperatures. e
The invention consists in tin alloys containing from 2 to 14 per cent. of antimony and about 1 to 10 per cent. of the balance being tin.
The invention also consists in tin alloys according tothe preceding paragraph subjected to one or more predetermined heat treatments.
Further features of the invention will be apparent from the description given hereafter.
In carrying our invention into eifect in one convenient manner we may form our improved tin alloy according to any composition within the range 2 to 14 per cent. antimony and 1 to 10 per cent. cadmium, the balance being tin. Such alloys: are strong and in particular their mechanical properties may be modified and improved by heat treatment, the alloys being capable of being used in the cast or worked state.
When applying the improving heat treatment the alloys are first annealed within the temperature range 140 to 175 C. after which they may be cooled slowly as in a furnace, or rapidly by cooling in air, or in some liquid such as cold water or by any other known method of quenching. Some improvement is shewn in quite short periods (say, 15 minutes or even less) of such a heat treatment but the time necessary to give the maximum improvement in properties varies with the previous history of the alloy and can readily be determined by a few trials. After such treatment the alloys will be found to be stronger and to retain their improved properties permanently at ordinary temperatures. Still further improvements can be eifected by further annealing at a temperature which lies above 180 C. but below the temperature at which the particular alloy being treated begins to melt. The time during which any alloy is subjected to such heat treatment again varies with the previous history of the alloy and is usually not more than one hour but the appropriate time can be readily determined by a few trials. After this further annealing the alloys should preferably be cooled quickly as in air or in liquid although the rate of cooling may vary within comparatively wide limits without entirely altering the general eifect of the heat treatment.
When the second heat treatment is to be applied to an alloy the first heat treatment should be applied for a period sufiicient 'to remove all traces of the tin-cadmitun eutectic from the microstructure of the alloy, the appropriate time being readily ascertainable by examining the microstructure at intervals during the heat treatment.
It is found that all alloys within the specified range of composition are made stronger by the application of both forms of treatment as compared with their strength after the application of the first heat treatment only and that the improvement due to the second heat treatment is permanent and alters only slightly or not at all with time provided the alloys are used at atmospheric temperature.
Some of the alloys within the range given may be subjected to a third heat treatment consisting in heating to a temperature not exceeding C. If desired, the first two forms of heat treatment may be combined, in which case the alloys should be first heated for the appropriate time within the temperature range to C. and the temperature may thereafter be raised to between C. and the temperature at which the particular alloy under treatment begins to melt, the intermediate quenching or cooling process in such case being omitted.
. The actual percentage of the ingredients emthe alloy is to be used or any practical requirements that may have to be fulfilled.
We claim:
1. Tin alloys containing from 2 to 14 per cent. of antimony and about 1 to 10 per cent. of cadmium, the balance being tin.
2. Tin alloys according to claim 1 heat treated by annealing Within the range 140 C. to 175 C. and subsequent cooling.
3. Tin alloys according to claim 1 first heat treated by annealing within the range 140 C. to 175 C. and subsequent cooling, and thensubjected to a further heat treatment consisting of ing then rapidly cooled.
DANIEL HANSON.
WILLIAM THOMAS PELL-WALPOLE.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2097727X | 1935-12-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2097727A true US2097727A (en) | 1937-11-02 |
Family
ID=10898385
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US113256A Expired - Lifetime US2097727A (en) | 1935-12-23 | 1936-11-28 | Tin alloys |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2097727A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3870513A (en) * | 1973-12-03 | 1975-03-11 | Oster Co A J | White metal casting alloy and method of making same |
-
1936
- 1936-11-28 US US113256A patent/US2097727A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3870513A (en) * | 1973-12-03 | 1975-03-11 | Oster Co A J | White metal casting alloy and method of making same |
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