US2097089A - Coated fabric and method of making the same - Google Patents

Coated fabric and method of making the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US2097089A
US2097089A US89519A US8951936A US2097089A US 2097089 A US2097089 A US 2097089A US 89519 A US89519 A US 89519A US 8951936 A US8951936 A US 8951936A US 2097089 A US2097089 A US 2097089A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cork
fabric
coating
coated
pyroxylin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US89519A
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English (en)
Inventor
Howard L Munroe
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US89519A priority Critical patent/US2097089A/en
Priority to FR828237D priority patent/FR828237A/fr
Priority to BE424268D priority patent/BE424268A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2097089A publication Critical patent/US2097089A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
    • D06N3/0061—Organic fillers or organic fibrous fillers, e.g. ground leather waste, wood bark, cork powder, vegetable flour; Other organic compounding ingredients; Post-treatment with organic compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/02—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with cellulose derivatives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/904—Artificial leather
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/3167—Of cork
    • Y10T428/31674—Including natural oil or gum or rosin [e.g., linoleum, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2041—Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
    • Y10T442/2123—At least one coating or impregnation contains particulate material
    • Y10T442/2131—At least one coating or impregnation functions to fix pigments or particles on the surface of a coating or impregnation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2369—Coating or impregnation improves elasticity, bendability, resiliency, flexibility, or shape retention of the fabric

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a leather-like coated fabric and the method of making the same. It contemplates a product comprising a textile fabric base or strain-resisting, flexible backing bound or united to a facing layer of comminuted cork applied in such manner that a fabric is produced of light weight, substantial body, water and heat resisting properties, great flexibility and tensile strength and with a surface finish such that it is applicable to a wide variety of uses.
  • a cork coated fabric of the type hereinafter described may be employed, among other uses, as a vamp lining for shoes, for innersoles, as a substitute'for leather in the manufacture of artificial leather and particularly imitation patent leather, either by the customary hand japanning process or by a pyroxylin coating, and for numerous other purposes where lightness, body, flexibility and water resisting properties are desirable.
  • Fig. 1 is a representation of the cork coated face of a fabric embodying one form of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional elevation, on a greatly exaggerated scale, of the fabric shown in Fig- 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a similar cross-sectional elevation showing the addition of a coating to provide an imitation patent leather
  • Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of a coatingand drying machine which may be employed in carrying out the process.
  • Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of an apparatus employed for surfacing the cork.
  • the physical characteristics of the cork coated fabric may be best explained in connection with a description of one method employed in producing it.
  • the textile fabric for the base or backingof the product is selected according to the use to which the coated fabric is to be applied. For example,
  • a white twill-weave cotton fabric may be employed, the weight of which, by way of example, may be one-half pound to the yard.
  • the coated fabric is intended to be used for imitation patent leather, to secure added flexibility a more finely finished and somewhat lighter weight of cottontwill may be employed, such as that known as sateen weave, this being dyed to a color corresponding to the patent leather flnish,- 5 brown, for example, if a brown finish is to be applied, or black if a black finish is used.
  • the selected textile fabric in the form of a continuous strip, has applied to one side thereof a plastic coating composed of a cellulose ester 10 binding solution which, for example, may consist of pyroxylin or cellulose acetate. On this there is then'spread or distributed a quantity of comminuted or granular cork, the latter being caused to adhere to the coated side of the textile fabric. 15 The cork coated fabric then passes through a drying device, after which it is wound on a roll preparatory for the next operation.
  • a plastic coating composed of a cellulose ester 10 binding solution which, for example, may consist of pyroxylin or cellulose acetate.
  • An apparatus of the type diagrammatically shown in Fig. 4 may be employed for the coating 20 and drying operation.
  • This comprises the supply roll II on which the fabric I3 is wound, the latter being then fed over guide rollers and under tension onto the coating table 15 where the plastic .solution is applied to and spread across its sur- 25 face.
  • the solution may be applied by hand or fed under suitable regulation from a supply chamber H.
  • the fabric is then fed beneath the doctor blade I9, passing thence, whilest'ill wet and sticky from the plastic coating, into' the cork 30 box 2
  • the fabric strip passes down through the mass of cork and thence upward and out of the same, accumulating on its coated tacky surface a covering of the granulated cork particles.
  • the 35 loose particles of cork are removed from the under-surface of the fabric as it emerges from the cork box by a.rotary brush 23.
  • From the cork box the fabric passes into and through a drying chamber 25 over guide rollers 21, describing looped paths between which are positioned steam drying pipes 29.
  • the drying of the fabric may be further accelerated by the introduction into the drying room of hot air through the hot air pipes 3
  • the dried fabric on emerging from the drying room is wound up on the winding.- roll 33.
  • a pyroxylin solution may be composed of nitro cellulose and a suitable 50 solvent, with a small quantity of castor oil to give flexibility to the fabric.
  • the solvent may comprise 25% of ethyl acetate. 25% of alcohol,- and 50% of benzol, 24 ounces of nitrocellulose being added to each gal- 55 the innermost corkgranuiles being firmly united worked upon.
  • the cork coated fabric is subsequently subjection of the solvent and mixed into the form of a j ly.
  • the solvent may comprise 30% chemically pure acetone, 30% ethyl acetone, 20% methyl cellosolve (ethylene glycol monoethyl ether) and 20% of a plasticizer, such, for example, as that commonly known as M 1'1.
  • a plasticizer such, for example, as that commonly known as M 1'1.
  • the solution should be sufficiently thick and viscous to cause the ready. adherence of the cork to the coated surface to provide a bond and anchorage for the cork coating and to bind and blend with the innermost cork granules when the fabric is subjected to the compression hereinafter described.
  • the solution should be sumciently fluid to penetrate the fibers on the face of the textile fabric to be coated, but preferably without marked tendency to strike through the fabric and mar the original clean appearance of the uncoated face of the latter by evidences thereon either of the solution or the cork particles. This desired condition is promoted byslight- 1y starching the fabric before being coated, to
  • the cork coated fabric as it emerges from the drying room presents a rough, granular surface.
  • Loose particles of cork may beremoved from the surface, by-subsequently subjecting the fabric to the action of a suitable brushing machine before it is further ed to operations serving to impart solidity, firmness,.and a finished surface to the cork.
  • the fabric with the double layers of cork bound thereto is then subjected to a solidifying and firming action.
  • a simple method of securing the desired result is to feed the double coated fabric be-' tween steam heated calendering rolls heated to a temperature just sufficient to very slightly soften the pyroxylin without disturbing the bond and adjusted to exert a substantial compression upon the coated fabric as it passes between them.
  • a fric-; tion calender may be used so adjusted as to gencrate a suflicient amount of heat to soften the;-
  • cork particles and more particularly those in close proximity to the pyroxylin, being blended, as it were, into the pyroxylin binder.
  • the calendering operation also imparts a smooth, even surface to 'the'cork on the coated side of the fabric.
  • a calendering operation similar to the one described, to which the fabric is subjected after the application of .the' second coating of cork may in many instances, depending on the use to which the product is to be put, be advantageously applied to the fabric after the application of the first coating of cork and before the application of the second cork coating.
  • Such intermediate calendering tends further to compact the cork and improve; its bond as well as the surface thereof.
  • the fabric with its solidified coating produced by any of the steps hereinbefore described and its calendered'surface may then be subjected to a smoothing operation designed to remove any unevenness in the surface of the -cork face due to irregularities in the distribution or thickness of the cork, or to other causes, and designed further to provide a soft, surface finish by raising a fine nap on the face of the cork, which finish closely resembles the finish of suede leather in appearance and feel.
  • This operation may be performed by subject- 7 ing the cork faced the fabric to the carefully controlled and regulated abrading or bufilng operation of the apparatus which is diagrammatically represented in Fig. 5.
  • the fabric l3, with the-coated face downward, is
  • the bufling cylinder index and the guide roll. is suitably surfaced, as'with fine'sand paper 'or other abrading or buffing material, and is also so constructed that, besides being rotated at 9.”
  • the buffing action carried out in the manner described produces a soft surface on the cork,- characterized by the seemingly napped appearance of the cork face interspersed with occasional minute pores, closely resembling the surface appearance of suede leather.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 The finished appearance of the fabric made by the use of the two cork coatings as described is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the textile backing is indicated at 43, this being firmly bonded to the adjacent py-
  • the first or inner cork roxylin coating at 45. layer is represented at 41, the outer or surface cork layerv at '49, and theintervening pyroxylin at 5
  • the inner cork layer 41 becomes more or less blended withthe underlying pyroxylin 45 and the overlying pyroxylin 5
  • cork surface a facing of pyroxylin 53 imparting The surface of the outer'cork layer or coating will be free from any appearance of the pyroxylin, the
  • cork layer thus completely covering and concealing the underlying cellulose ester binder.
  • the fabric thus produced has a substantial body or thickness for a given weight, this characteristic making it particularly available for the vamp lining of a shoe, since a single piece vamp lining cut from thisfabric may be em-' ployed insubstitution for the several pieces of fabric commonly required for that purpose and which comprise the fabric lining itself, a doubler to give body to the lining, and in many cases a;
  • fabric'herein described is also waterproof or water-resisting, heat insulating, of substantial tensile strength, capable of being stitched, and of a flexibility approximating that of the textile fabric forming the base or backing and substantially "equal to that of leather of the same thickness.
  • the pyroxylin facing 53 maybe built up by passing the cork coated fabric through acoating machine and applying the pyroxylin to the cork coated surface in the usual manner, drying the coating and repeating the operation a sufficient number of times to get the necessary depth and finish to the facing, the pyroxylin solution applied in the successive coats being varied in respect to thinness to secure the necessary glossy surface finish.
  • sufflcient solvent of the character previously described, preferably using also a small quantit of castor .oil mixed with the solution.
  • the cork coated fabric Due to the peculiar characteristics of the cork coated fabric, it may be successfully and practically employed as a body for the production of imitation patent leather, produced by the japanning process instead of the machinecoating method last described. That process, as is well known, is carried out by manually applying to the leather,or in this case the cork coated fabric,--by brushing or rubbing into the surface thereof. a succession of coats comprising principally linseed oil mixed with a suitable pigment,
  • cork.coated-fabric makes a particularly useful imitation patent leather, since it provides cracking of the patent leather surface finish.
  • the cork coated fabric is particularly useful in the manufacture of imitation grained or embossed leathers. These have been usually made by applying pyroxylin coats directly to the face of a textilefabric and then embossing the coated face ofthe fabric under'heavypressure. In this method it is diflicult to eliminate the evidence of the weave in the cloth except through the use of an excessive number of coatings.
  • the cork coating on the described fabric presenting a smooth
  • a flexible patent leather-like fabric comprising-a sheet of I woven textile material, a sizing'ofcellulose ester selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate applied directly to the material and having a penetrating anchorage in the body thereof, a like cellulose ester binder overlying said sizing, a layer of comminuted cork completely covering and concealing the binder firmly united thereto and compressed therein, said cork layer having a smooth leather-like surface and 'ayielding base, said fabric further having an outer glossy patent leather-like facing comprising a plurality of coats of nitrocellulose coverflexibility of the original woven textilematerial.
  • plying a coating of like cellulose ester binder directly to said dried protective coating immediately applying a relatively thick layer of comminuted cork thereto completely covering and concealing said binder before the latter dries. quickly and thoroughly drying said binder under heat, and calendering the fabric after the cork coating andbinder have become dried and set.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US89519A 1936-07-08 1936-07-08 Coated fabric and method of making the same Expired - Lifetime US2097089A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US89519A US2097089A (en) 1936-07-08 1936-07-08 Coated fabric and method of making the same
FR828237D FR828237A (fr) 1936-07-08 1937-10-23 Tissu enduit et son procédé de fabrication
BE424268D BE424268A (en:Method) 1936-07-08 1937-10-25

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US89519A US2097089A (en) 1936-07-08 1936-07-08 Coated fabric and method of making the same
FR828237T 1937-10-23
BE424268T 1937-10-25

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BE (1) BE424268A (en:Method)
FR (1) FR828237A (en:Method)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2755197A (en) * 1953-06-17 1956-07-17 Armstrong Cork Co Cigarette tipping and method of making the same
US3446644A (en) * 1966-12-29 1969-05-27 Richard John Murphy Method of producing a decorative coating on a surface
US4420351A (en) * 1982-04-29 1983-12-13 Tarkett Ab Method of making decorative laminated products such as tiles, panels or webs from cellulosic materials

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2755197A (en) * 1953-06-17 1956-07-17 Armstrong Cork Co Cigarette tipping and method of making the same
US3446644A (en) * 1966-12-29 1969-05-27 Richard John Murphy Method of producing a decorative coating on a surface
US4420351A (en) * 1982-04-29 1983-12-13 Tarkett Ab Method of making decorative laminated products such as tiles, panels or webs from cellulosic materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR828237A (fr) 1938-05-12
BE424268A (en:Method) 1937-11-30

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