US2094165A - Internal combustion engine carburetor - Google Patents

Description

' 4 sheey-she c 1 6:026): mum *INVENTOIR- 1 ATTORNEY Sept. 28,1937 G. MQ'BICKNELL I INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CARBURETOR Fi ed Jan. 4, 1932 Sept. 28, 1937. G. M. BICKNE LL 2,094,155 I vINTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CA RBURETOR Filed Jan. 4, 1932 '4 Sheets-Sheet 3 22%,, Ill

' ATTORNEY G. M.BICKNELL' 2,094,165

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CARBURETOR Sept. 28, 1937.

Filed Jan. 4, 1952 4 Shets$heet 4 ATTORNEY static coil attached. 35

Patented Sept. 28, 19 37 h U TED if STA f Q 1 INTERN AL oomnns'rron t 1 t' CARBURETOR h fiicknell, Louis, Mo; iis'signor f invention relates' to carburetors ior internalcombustion engines and l more particularly to automatically controlling the temperaturesof andlratios of fuel to airim ixtures; L

5 Itis'an object of this inyention to;produceya ew n mi ro ed q a b apa le orr -i. inatically c0ntrolling,the iuel 'toair ratiouof mix-f tu'res as required by theengine in accorriance withtheltemperature. L '1 i l r 1o Itis ai'further object offthisinventionto, ar a videa ineans of controlling thefuelandair mix-t ture ratim particularlyat low temperatures and for short periodsi ninediatelyafterthe startin l I 1 h' eim e nce wi -thelp sl en'. of i5 the throttle valve.v it

It is a v further object oi vide' a device' ofthe above; character which also has" a means of manually controllingthe air to fuel ratio of mixture, irrespective of the automatic control. H

Itvisaffurther obj ct this invention toprog vide a' means of auto1na tica1ly controllinggthe temperature of the mixture rin inver m e a' ec t eQe 1 25. Y Otherobjects and advantages will appear from the following'fdescriptioh and claims taken in connection with the accompanying drawing sfln t which like reference numerals refer tolike parts;

Figure 1 z is a,s'ornewhatdiagrammaticfiview" showing an elevation of 'thefcarburetor, with parts in section andothers broken away. also showsl aj secti'on of an exhaust pipeextenslori and. aimixture heater 'with a conventionalthenno others shown insection; H t

Figure 3 I is a sectional view of the-carburetor shown in line" -3 0! Figure}, I f "l 0 Figure 4 isapl fview o'i the carburetor'show ingFi'gures 1'tof3f Figure 5 is a planjvi'ew the mixture, heater Figure G isa sectional detail view of tliecholce 6 valveand"associate'd p rts, with the, valve n closed'position.

{Figure 'Ishows the valveina different position;

Figure '8 is a diagrammatic i'view of the throttle 3 and chok'evalve linkagei" I z The-referenceinum'eral l indicates the lower 7 56 zjnaniioldj r an; internalcoxi bustion engine 1 The Carter Carburetor Corporation a corporation of Delawar-e andhasa'latch contact member A contacting with thelzwall' oi the air inlet, and projection I6 at theother'endth'eieof for contacting S r m-w t F1 l1re 2 spai side elevation f the femur shown in Figurel; withparts brok en away/anq st mu me,

separate casting; and suitably faqstened tofl the lower rhalfu The :twohalves of. the' carburetor for nna downdraft-mixing conduit extending 'theret hrough comprising air inlet 4, air; chamber lmi ne-chember1ha isc r e t et 1.11.

Q 'Ifhe =air inlet] 1 is icontrolleq bygchoke valve 8 two sections; one rigidly attached, to; the shaft 9,

ca d t l i' i li 6 ,an th h r, s t on the sbring' l2 will be ,stopped when section [I i has been" brou'ght'into lin with ectional, ,A uteri i4 ispivotally mounted on the solid -section; III

with theprojection l3 tbjlimit the opening move;- nent of .thejvalve portion l The construction hereon for V and operation'lof fthislvalve is shown and claimed in f the 'a,pplicati'on of liomrner and Kenning, Number.5135,704, filed Ma'yjl 1931 which maturedtoiBatentNo. 1,894,354 granted January 17', 1933;

is, supplied to the mixing conduitthijough a, nozzle 11 and tip I 8, nozzle tiprisforinediintegralwith prin'iary venturir ltiyffI'he primary and the secondary venturi discharges into] the I For normal 'andhighsfieed bperation;l the fuel I main]venturi'lI,"]as,indicated in Figure 1. r

discharge of the mixture from the (:a'rbiirfetoi' is controllecljjby the throttle valve -22, cairiedQon shaft 23, thisshaft v bein gjaiji'anged for manual operation in. any convenient f mannehj as for, instance by c en ctmsia lverto thecrankjliog "For low speed op'eration', fulis suppneqto th'e mixing conduitthroii'gh port or nozzle 24] shown showndn" dotted lines'in' Figure 1", which is in" the closed' 'positioni However,-*it'wnrte understood that two separate ports interconnected withthe idle tube 25 may be used in lieu thereof.

idleztube 25, connecting: passages 26 21pcali brated passageway, passage 29, and? metering ceive fuel in connhion11rornjet 310; and are inter-. connecte cl by the restricted passageway 18,; -'I'he a0 venturi ldi'scherg'e's into the secondary ventiirijfl, Y

a 40 I I in i ure 1., rw n 'be seen that thisport isbij Ysect'edbyjthe throttle valve when in tlieposition rock arm 30 which, in turn, isoperated by the throttle valve through link 39 and operating arm 40. This pump is of well known construction, and is not shown in full detail. v

To control the choke valve positionand consequently the air to fuel ratio of the mixture, in

accordance with the atmospheric temperature a (in the instance of a cold engine), and in accordance with the automaticallycontrolled'tempera ture'of a mixture heater to'which heat issup- I plied by the exhaust manifold (in the instance --of a motorin'operation), a-conventional thermostatic coil ll of the usual bimetallicconstruction is provided. The innerend of this coil is rigidly mounted by 'means of shaft "to the mixture heaterll- An enclosure (4 is provided to prevent, to some extent; the'influ'ence of passing air currents upon the thermostatic coil." 'I'he shaft 42 is preferably made'of a material having high heat conductive properties; "The "outer end of the thermostatic coil is'free to move in a clockwisejdirection upon the application of heat, and is connected to choke valve shaft". by means of-link 4!, arm 46," and swivels'll lib" Mixtureheaterfll may be of the, conventional type-that is, a simple Jacket about.

a conduit conveying exhaust gases.

To controlthe temperature of the mixture heater- 'in'accordance with the requirements of the engine, the plain butterfly type valve l9 mountedon shaft 5! is provided at the entrance of the mixture heater and in an extension" of the exhaust manifold ll. extension of the exhaust manifold may be connected'to the main exhaust manifold in any suitable manner (not shown); however,- aiifecting only a parallelflow of the exhaust gas'which may be lay-passed upon the closing'of the valve 4!. A weighted arm 52 weighted at and fixed on shaft "normally holds the valve 4! in an open position. A slot I4 in arm 52 is englg dduring the clockwise motion of the free end of the thermostatic coil by a roller '5, thereby closing the valve 4!. A stop lug" cast onjthe exhaust mania fold extension limits the clockwise rotation ,of valve shaft 50 to the full open position of valve 4!. The proportioning of lever arms provides for a fullopening movement of they choke'valve prior to the engagement of roller IS. in slot 54 during a clockwise movement of the thermostat. .A stop 'I'l prevents the further rotation of the choke shaft I beyond full 'ope'n'position of the choke valve. A cylinder II in which link 48 is slidably mounted provides for further. motion of the thermostat against the compression of spring 50 therein. 7 1 To control the choke valve position and. consequently the air to fuel ratio of themixture in accordance with the position of the throttle thethrottle'shaftil, is provided. v To permit a suiiicient opening ofthethrottle valve during the starting of an engine without any corresponding opening action of the choke valve, a link 80 is slidably mounted in pivot 62, this free action, however, being limited by stop screw 63. The stop screw 63 also provides a means of adjusting the position of the throttle valve withrespect to the position of the choke viive. v v g To provide a means of manually controlling the ,air to fuel ratio of the mixture, particularly in the full open and closed positions of the throttle valve, it will be seen that link 60 in the position shown in Figure 1 is at dead center with respect to arm I and shaft 23. In this position, the

chokefvalvel is fully closed, and the throttle valve, is partially open. Any further clockwise or closing motion of the throttle valve will cause 'a slight openin'gof the choke valve against the however, thata full opening of the throttle valve or approximately 90'degrees travel from its full closed position will have opened the choke valve approximately only" 45 degrees as diagrammatically indicated in Figure 8, this being partially due to the diflerence in positions of the link pivots with respect to a center line through the valve shafts; and partially due to the lost motion through that portion of the throttle valves travel from the fully closed position to the position shown in Figure l; V

' The operation of the device 1 to 8 is as follows:

Upon starting a cold engine in an atmospheric temperature which is at or below a'degree requiring a fully closed position of the choke valve, the throttle valve will be set in the position shown in Figure 1, either manually by the operator or by any suitable mechanical or electric interconnection with the engine ignition switch. Fuel is drawn into the mixing conduit by suction through shown: in Figures nozzle l1 and tip i 8 at the most restricted portion and open the hinged section I I of the choke valve 1 against the tension spring I2. The spring I2 is so calibrated as to allow hinged section II to open far enough toadmit suilicient air for continued operation of the engine'during the period of time required to obtain suflicientheat in the mixture heater to operate the. thermostatic coil.

Asthe motor warms up, the thermostatic coil will move in a clockwise direction, opening the choke valve slowly, the thermostat being so designed and subjected to exhaust heat as'to have fully opened the choke valve by the time the motor has reached a temperature requiring the full'capacity of air inlet 4. It will be seen that the choke valve is free to move toward the open position, irrespective, of the throttle interconnection 60, by reason of the slidable pivot 62. As the temperature of the'motor and'of the exhaust system, including the mixture heater, continues to rise, and 'the thermostat continues in its clockwise motion, roller mounted on the free end of the thermostat will engage the slot 54,, causing a counterclockwise motion of shaft 50 and a closing'of the heat control valve 49, and thereby 20 of the choke valve which iscontrolled by a.link r 7. ,Inacarburetor, means forming a mixing The travel of. thethermostatbeyond thev position atwhich the choke valveand link 45 are stopped by stop i'lywill permitted by the slidingaction of link 45, in cylinder-5 8 against the compression ,springidfispring '59, beingsodesigned to oiier only suflicient resistance t'ocompression -to allow a the operation of the choke-valve and overcome ,"T'any joint friction, is, however, substantiallyweaka 10 er than ,the. coiled ,springaction of the thermofuel metering valve. .It will be understood, how-.

stat.-- c Upon starting an engine, particularly a cold engine, the usual tendency of the operator isto accelerate the engine by,manually opening the throttle valve and thereby shortening the warming up period, 'Itwill be seen, however, that any substantial opening of the throttlet valvebeyond thatposition to which it has been'adjusted to ,obtain theproper starting mixture willhave a tend;- ency to lean out the mixture, due to the opening connection (described heretofore) to the throt- 'tle. This interconnection bylinkv 39, however, reducesthis tendency toward unduly leaning out the mixture byacorresponding opening of the ever, that-the compensation is by no means complete, and the operator may control the mixture ratio during warming up to a very substantial; exa tent by operating thethrottle .valve,

"moms ,7, I, a.

1 In a carburetor, a throttle valve, athoke valve, means comprisinga pairof shafts for con,-

trolling said valves, cranks on eachofsaid shafts, a link connectin Said cranks, the ends of said rl'inkbeingpivoted to said cranks atdiiferent angles withrespect to said valves, andthe crank on the throttle valve passing over a-dead center'when 2 the throttle is in approximately one-third open position. i 2.,In acarburetor, means-forming amixing conduit, a throttle valve for controlling the dis-,

charge of mixture from said conduit, a choke valve for controlling the admission of airto said conduit, 9. suction'operated nozzle discharging fuel into said conduit between. said throttleand choke valves, thermostatic means :for controlling the position of saidchoke valve'to restrict the ad- 56. mission of air when the temperature is'lowtsuc tionbperated means for admitting air to ,said carburetor when said choke valve ,is closed, and means connecting saidthrottle, and choke valves.

for opening said choke valve at least partially 5 whensaid throttle valve is fullyopened,

3. Ina carburetor, a throttle valve, a choke valve, a, nozzle fordischarging fuel into said, carburetor between saidchoke iand throttle; valves,

valve means for controlling the admission ofiuel to said nozzle, operating connections between said throttle valve and ,saidfuel control valve and operating connections between said throttle valve and said choke valve, and heat responsive means for controlling said choke valve. I

, 4, In a carburetoaa ,thr ttle valve,. achoke tosaid nozzle, operating connections between" and operating connections between said throttle; valve and said'ohoke valve, heat responsive means,

said throttle valve and said fuel control-valve,

for controlling said choke valve, and suction operated means for admitting air to said carburetor when said choke valve is closed;

5 a carburetor, a choke valve, a mixture heating chamberwmeans forv controlling the applicationof heat to said chamber, a heat responsive element, and, connections from said heat responsive element forqoperating both said heat controlling meansandsaidchoke valve;

, 6 In a carburetor, means forming a mixing conduit; a. heating device .for heating-the mixture discharged from said conduit, a 'choke"valve" 1'or admitting air to-said conduit, a'thrott'levalve in said conduit, a suction operatednozzlebetween said choke valve and said throttle, means for controlling the application ofxheat to sald'l mixture,

heat responsive means and said heat controlling ,means, said operating connections being "constructed and arranged to close said heat controllingmeans after said choke has been' opened, and

toclose said choke after said responsive means h been opened.

, heat-responsive means for operating'saidchoke valve, 1 and operating connections between said conduit, a choke-valve controllingthe admission 01 air to said conduitpa throttle controllin the discharge of, mixture from said conduit, a heatlng device for heating, mixture discharged'by said conduit, heat responsive. means for controlling said choke, said'heat'responsive means also controlling conduit',aheat responsive means for controlling I said heatmEdel/ice. and connections for positivei i 1y "causing an opening movementof said choke said chokesaidheat responsive means'also-com trolling said heating device, connections-for posi tively causing an opening movement of said choke valve when said throttle is opened, valve' means for controlling; the admission offue'l'to said fuel conduit, and an operating connection between said throttle. valve and said fuel valve; y

' 9, In a, carburetor; a choke valve, a heating device-comprising a chamber through which-fuel mixture is passed for-heating purposes and a valve controlled heating conduit for applying heat to said chamber, a heat responsive element mounted adjacent said chamber, and means operated by said, heat responsive element for controlling said choke valve and said heat controlling valve.

.10. In a carburetor, a'choke' valve, 'a'heating device comprising a chamber through which fuel mixture ispassed for heating purposes and a valve controlled heating conduit for applying heat to saidchamber, a heat responsive element mounted adjacent said chamber, means operated by said heat responsive element for controlling said-choke valve and saidheat controlling valve; said choke:

valve being operated during full open movement of'the'said heat responsive element'and said heat responsive element being operated during an; otherportion'of said movement,

1 1-1; Ina carburetor, a choke valve, a heating device comprising a' chamber through which Iuel mixtureis passedffor heating purposes and a valve controlled heating conduitfor applying heat to said chamber, a heat responsive element mounted adiacent said chamber, means operated by said heat responsive element for controlling said choke. valve and, said; heat controlling valve," said choke valve being operated during one portion of the movement of said heat responsive ele ated during another portion of said movement.

12. In a carburetor, a choke valve, a. heating device comprising a chamber through which fuel mixture is passed for heating purposes and a valve mitting continued movement of said heat responsive elementin a direction to close said heatcontrolling valve after said choke valve has been fully opened. I

13.- In .a device of the class described, means forming a mixing conduit, a heating device for heating the mixture in said mixing conduit, valve means for controlling the flow of heating'fluid through said heating device, an unbalanced weight for normally-holding said heat controlling valve means in open position, and a heat responsive element for closing-said heat controlling valve means when a'predetermined temperature has been reached 14. In a device of the class described, means forming a mixing conduit, a heating-device for heating the mixture in said mixing conduit, valve means for controlling the flow of heating fluid through said heating device, an unbalanced weight for normally holding said heat controlling valve means in open position, a heat responsive element for closingsaid heat controlling valve means when a predetermined temperature has been reached, a choke valve for controlling the admission of air to said'carburetor, and'an operating connection betweensaid heat responsive element and said choke valve. r

15. In a device of the classdescribed,'means forming a mixing conduit, a heating device for heating the mixture in said mixing conduit, valve means for controlling the flow of heating fluid through said heating device, an unbalanced weight for normally holding said heat controlling valve means in open position, a heat responsive element for closing said heat controlling valve means when a predetermined temperature has been reached, a choke valve for controlling the admission of air to said carburetor, an operating connection between said heat responsive element and said choke valve, a throttle valve for said mixing conduit, and an operating connection between said throttle-valve and said choke'valve.

l6. In a carburetorv for internal combustion engines, a throttle valve, a choke valve, said choke valve including a transverse'shaft carrying a suction operated valve portion, a heat responsive device normally controlling the movements vof said valve portion in conjunction with the suction, means for interfering with the initial opening movement of said valve portion by suction, said means being effective only during the earlier stages of the opening of the. choke valve, and a connection between said throttle and choke valve, said connection being constructed and arranged so that when said throttle is fully opened, .the choke valve will be opened to a position in which it is no longer affected by said interfering means.

17. Ina carburetor forinternal combustion engines, a throttle valve, a choke valve, said choke valve including a shaft and a suction operated valve mounted thereon, a heat responsive device ment, and said heat controlling valve being operconnected to said shaft for normally controlling the position of said choke valve in conjunction with the suction applied thereto; a, device constructed and arranged to operate only when said choke valve is in substantially closedposition for interfering with the opening thereof by suction, and connections between the throttle and choke valves for opening the choke valve beyond the operative range of said device whenever the throttle is moved to fully open position.

18. In a carburetor for internalcombustion engines, means forming a mixing conduit having an air inlet and a mixture outlet, choke valve means controlling said air inlet, a throttle valve controlling said mixture outlet, said*choke valve means including a valve member movable toward open position by suction, a heat responsive device connected to said choke valve means and adaptedto apply a force to hold said member in closed position against the force of suction, additional means for resisting the opening of said choke valve member by suction, said additional means being constructed and arranged to operate only when said suction operable valve member is in proximity to its closed position, and a connection between said throttle and said choke valve mechanism, said connection being constructed and arranged to open said choke valve member to a point beyond the effective range of said additional means.

19. In a carburetor, a suction operable choke valve, means resisting the operation of said choke valve by suction, said resisting means being effective only when said choke valve is in closed or nearly closed position, heat responsive means for closing said choke valve when thetemperature is low, a throttle valve, and connections between said throttle and choke valves for forcing said choke valve to partially open position when said throttle valve has been moved to a predetermined position.

20. In a carburetor, a choke valve, a heat responsive device connected to said choke valve and adapted to move it to closed position when the temperature is low, said choke valve being nor mallyoperable inresponse to suction, a device constructedand arranged to interfere with the opening of said choke valve by suction when said valve is near its closedposition, said device being substantially ineffective in other operating positions of the choke valve, a throttle valve and connections between said throttle valve and said choke valve for opening said choke valve to such a degree that said device is no longer effective.

21. In a carburetor, a choke valve, a heat responsive device for controlling said choke valve, said choke "valve being normally operable in response to suction, latch means forresisting the opening of said choke valve by suction, said latch being ineffective except when said choke valve is in substantially closed position, a throttle valve, and connections between said throttle valve and said latch.

22. In a carburetor, means forming a mixing conduit having an air inlet, a choke valve mechanism for controlling said air inlet, said mechanismbeing operable by heat and by suction to open said inlet, resistance means for interfering with the operation of said valve mechanism by suction when the mechanism is in position to close said inlet, a throttle valve and means connected to said throttle valve for disengaging said resistance means.

23. In a device of the class described, an exhaust passage, a valve in said passage, yielding means tending to move the valve to one position, and a thermostatic coil spring for overcomingv forming a mixing conduit, a heating device for i said yielding means, to move'the valve to another I position when a. predetermined temperature is exceeded. I

24. In a device oi. the class described,imeans heating the mixture in said mixing conduit, valve means for controlling the flow of heating fluid 10 n weight for normally holding said heat valve in through said. heating device, an unbalanced one position, a heat responsive element'ior moving said heat valve to another position when a predetermined temperature has been reached, a

choke valve for controlling the admission 01' air to said carburetor, and an-operating connection I between said heat responsive elementand said heating the mixture in said mixing conduit,"valve means for-controlling the flow of heating fluid throughsaid heating device, an unbalanced choke valve. o I v i g 25. In a device of the class described, means forming a mixing conduit, a heating deviceior weight'for normally holding said heat valve in one position, and a heat responsive element for I s moving said heat valve to another position when a predetermined temperature has been reached.

.the throttle is fully closed.

26. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines,' a choke valve, 9. throttle valve, a lost motion connection :between said throttle" valve and saiclchoke valve for at least partially opening said choke valve when said'throttle valve is veither fully closed or fully opened, said lost mo- ,tion connection permitting the closure of said choke valve when the throttle is in an intermedi- I ate position. I I v 2'7. In combination with an internal-combustion engine having a carburetor, a choke-valve ,iorsaid carburetor, a throttle-'valveior said'carburetor, and means operated gwith thethrottlevalve as it approaches-both limits of its range or temperature, and means connecting the choke valve and throttle tor-partially opening the valve whenthe throttle is fully openedand also GEORGE -M..VBICKNELL., i

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