US2094156A - Firearm - Google Patents

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Publication number
US2094156A
US2094156A US72301A US7230136A US2094156A US 2094156 A US2094156 A US 2094156A US 72301 A US72301 A US 72301A US 7230136 A US7230136 A US 7230136A US 2094156 A US2094156 A US 2094156A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
bolt
barrel
locking
recoil
pusher
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US72301A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jr Melvin M Johnson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE420629D priority Critical patent/BE420629A/xx
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US72301A priority patent/US2094156A/en
Priority to GB6588/37A priority patent/GB486907A/en
Priority to FR819262D priority patent/FR819262A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2094156A publication Critical patent/US2094156A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/14—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively
    • F41A3/16—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks
    • F41A3/26—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks semi-automatically or automatically operated, e.g. having a slidable bolt-carrier and a rotatable bolt

Definitions

  • This invention relates to firearms of the semiautomatic type having a bolt slldably mounted for a reciprocating stroke between a rearward open-breach position and a forward unlocked position, at least a portion of the bolt being rotatable from unlocked to locked position, and having means for feeding cartridges into position to be pushed into the firing chamber during the forward stroke of the bolt.
  • Theinvention is especially applicable to firearms in which the bolt is locked to a reciprocating barrel and unlocked in response to or by virtue of a slight recoil of the barrel.
  • Objects of the invention are to provide automatic breech mechanism which has sufiicient strength to function indefinitely with high-power ammunition, to facilitate the feed of cartridges to the firing chamber, to improve the locking and unlocking action of the bolt, to simplify the con struction of firearms of the type referred to and generally to improve the art of semi-automatic firearms.
  • the present invention involves a bolt having at its forward end a locking head provided with one or more circumferential rows of locking lugs which move in front of locking ,abutments when the head is rotated into locking position, the bolt having a recess behind the looking lugs to accommodate the aforesaid abutments and the radial dimensions of the bolt, at least on the side from which the cartridges are supplied, are approximately the same forwardly and rearwardly of the recess, whereby the feed of cartridges to the firing chamber is facilitated.
  • the invention relates particularly to firearms of the aforesaid recoilingbarrel type, involving improved means for rotating the locking lugs into and out of locking position behind the aforesaid locking abutments which, in this aspect, are on' the recoiling barrel.
  • the rotating portion of the bolt (which preferably constitutes the entire bolt) is provided with a cam surface engageable with a. cam surface. on the receiver to cam the bolt from locked to unlocked position as the bolt and barrel recoil together, after which the bolt continues to move to fully retracted position in response to the residual gas pressure and to some extent its own inertia.
  • the angularity and circumferential extent of the receiver cam, the friction of the sliding surfaces, and the inertia of the moving parts are preferably correlated so that the bolt is not fully unlocked until after the projectile has left the barrel and after the gas pressure has decreased to a safe.
  • the rotary portion of the bolt is pro-- vided with another cam surface, engageable with a cam surface on the bolt pusher between the bolt and recoil spring, to rotate the locking lugs into locking position in front of the locking abutments on the barrel.
  • the locking and unlocking cam surfaces on the bolt are provided on opposite sides of a lug on the bolt which slides in a slot. in the receiver adapted to prevent rotation of the bolt except at the forward end of its reciprocating stroke.
  • Fig. 2 is a section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a section on line 3--8 of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. i is a section on line 4l-l of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 5 is a section on line 5-5 of Fig. 3; v
  • Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the bolt
  • Fig. '7 is a top plan view of the bolt and pusher showing the barrel in axial section;
  • Fig. 8 is a similar view showing the bolt in locked position
  • Fig. 9 is a bottom plan view of the barrel and receiver with parts broken away;
  • Fig. 10 is a section on line l@l of Fig. 9 and Fig. 11 is a vertical axial section through the forward end of the receiver and stock'showing the barrel in side elevation.
  • the particular embodiment of the invention chosen for the purpose of illustration comprises a stock having a rear butt portion l and a forward portion 2 extending under the receiver, a frame in the form of a receiver having a rearward portion 3to accommodate the bolt and a forward her in the forward stroke of the bolt.
  • the barrel has a limited degree of longitudinal movement in the receiver from the forward. position shown in Fig. 9 to a rearward position in which the rear end of the barrel engages the shoulder 8 on the receiver (Fig. 9).
  • Forward movement of the barrel is limited by a sleeve 9 (Fig. 11) press-fitted on the barrel and engageable with a collar in threaded on the forward end. of the receiver.
  • Rotary movement of the barrel in the receiver is restrained by a depending lug Fig, 1 is a side elevation of a rifle of the Army H on the sleeve 9 and another lug l2 projecting downwardly from the rear end of the barrel, both lugs sliding in a slot is in the lower side of the receiver.
  • lug H is provided with a Socket i ii to receive the forward end of a compression spring 43, the rear end of which seats against the bottom of an aligned socket in the stock 2 (Figs. 1 and 11).
  • the rear end of the barrel is provided with a circumferential row of interior locking abutments ill with alternate grooves l8 therebetween.
  • the forward end of the bolt 6 is provided with corresponding exterior locking lugs it for engagement in front of the locking abutments H, the circumferential width of the lugs is approximating that of the abutments H and being slightly less than the width of the grooves 68 so as to pass between the abutments it when the bolt is rotated to unlocked position.
  • the bolt is provided with an annular recess 20, the diameter of the bolt forwardly and rearwardly of this recess being approximately the same.
  • a cam lug 2i Projecting from the top of the bolt near its rearward end is a cam lug 2i adapted to slide forwardly and rearwardly in a groove 22 in the top of the receiver.
  • the receiver groove 22 is provided with a lateral recess 23 having a cam surface 24 engageable with the cam surface 25 on the lug 2
  • On the other side of the'lug 2! is another cam surface 25 engageable with a cam surface 26 at the forward end of the bolt-pusher 1.
  • the pusher 1 is yieldingly urged forwardly by a recoil spring 21 mounted in the butt I of the stock and kinematically interconnected with the pusher by means of links 28.
  • the firing pin 29 projects rearwardly through the pusher l as shown in Figs. 4, 5, '7, and 8 and the hammer (not shown) moves into engagement with the bolt through a slot 30 in the bottom of the receiver and thence into the space between the two links 28.
  • the extractor 3! is integral with the bolt (Fig.6) and the ejector (not shown) projects into a slot 32 in the opposite side of the bolt, the rearward portion 32' of the slot being widened to accommodate the rotary movement of the bolt (Figs. 2 and 3).
  • the forward ends of the locking lugs H] are fiush with the forward end of the bolt.
  • a firearm comprising in combination a barrel mounted to slide longitudinally to a slight extent in response to recoil, stop means to limit recoil of the barrel, a bolt coaxial with the barrel and also mounted to slide in response to recoil but to an extent sufficient to permit introduction of a cartridge between the forward end of the bolt and the rear end of the barrel, the bolt being provided at its forward portion with a circumferentially extending row of spaced locking lugs, at least the forward portion of the bolt being rotatable to a predetermined extent, means preventing such rotation except when the .bolt is adjacent to firing pcsition, a row of locking abutments on the barrel normally disposed to the rear of and engaging the locking lugs on the bolt thereby to lock the barrel and bolt against relative longitudinal movement, the engaging surfaces of the lugs and abutments being substantially perpendicular to the axis of the barrel, concealed unlocking means including complemental cams operative, during and in response to the short recoil movement of the barrel,
  • a recoil spring a pusher actuable by the spring, at the completion of the recoil movement of the bolt, to advance the bolt to breech-closing position
  • relocking means including complemental relatively movable rigid cams, one of which is carried by the pusher and advances with the latter in response to the action of the recoil spring, said unlocking means operating automatically as the bolt comes to rest at its extreme forward position to rotate at least the forward portion of the bolt and thereby to reengage the locking lugs and abutments.
  • a firearm comprising in combination a frame and a barrel mounted to slide axially therein for a slight distance in response to recoil energy, means limiting recoil movement of the barrel, a reciprocable breech-opening and closing bolt coaxial with the barrel, said bolt being rotatable to a predetermined angular extent when the bolt is adjacent to firing position, the forward portion of the bolt being provided with a circumferential row of locking lugs with intervening grooves, the
  • a cam lug on the bolt having two cam surfaces, a fixed cam on the frame cooperable with one of the cam surfaces of the bolt to turn the bolt from locked to unlocked position in response to the aforesaid slight rearward recoil' movement of the barrel in the frame
  • a barrel and a coaxially arranged breech block are mounted to recoil rearwardly in guides in a supporting frame in response to recoil energy, the barrel being arranged to slide to aslight extent concomitantly with the bolt and then to stop, and having provision for returning the barrel immediately to firing position while the bolt continues its recoil movement thereby to open the breech for the ejection and reception of cartridges, means to prevent rotation of the barrel, the forward portion at least of the bolt being rotatable to a predetermined degree but only while the bolt is adjacent to firing position, a reciprocatory bolt pusher, and a recoil spring urging the pusher for,- wardly, in combination interengaging projections on the barrel and bolt respectively for interlocking the barrel and bolt against relative endwise movement 'when the bolt is in firing position, said interengaging projectionshaving their contacting surfaces disposed substantially perpendicular to the axis of the barrel, a rigid cam surface on the ,frame, an
  • a firearm of the kind whereina barrel and a coaxially arranged breech block are mounted to recoil rearwardly in guides in a supporting frame in response to breech pressure, .the barrel being arranged to slide to a slight extent only concomitantly with the bolt and then to stop, and having provision for restoring the barrel immediately to firing position while the bolt completes its recoil movement thereby to open the breech for the ejection and reception of cartridges, means to prevent rotation of the barrel,
  • the forward portion at least of the bolt being rotatable to a predetermined degree but only while the bolt is adjacent to the firing position, a reciprocable bolt pusher, and 'a recoil spring urging said pusher forwardly, in combination a radial row of locking lugs on said forward portion of the bolt which lock the bolt to the barrel in firing position, a radial row of locking abutments carried by the barrel, a recess in the bolt behind said lugs to accommodate the locking abutments, a cam carried by the bolt, a cam surface fixed relatively to the frame and cooperable with the cam on the bolt to turn said forward portion at least of the bolt from looking to unlocked position during said slight rearward movement of the barrel in the frame, a second cam carried by the bolt, and a cam surface on the pusher cooperable with said second cam on the bolt to turn said forward portion at least of the bolt from unlocked to locking position in response to the action of said recoil spring while the barrel and bolt are both in exstop, and having provision for restoring the barrel immediately
  • bolt unlocking means and bolt relocking means concealed within the frame
  • the unlocking means including cam elements, one carried by the bolt and the other by the frame, operative automatically to turn the bolt and thereby ,to unlock it from the barrel during and in response to the short recoil movement of the barrel
  • the relocking means including cam elements, one carried by the pusher and one by the bolt, operative in response to advance of the pusher by the recoil spring to turn the bolt back to relock it to the barrel after the barrel has been fully advanced to firing position.
  • afirearm of the kind comprising a frame, a barrel mounted to slide axially to a slight extent only in the frame, a breech bolt coaxial with the barrel and mounted to slide rearwardly in the frame to a much greater extent than the barrel from firing position to cartridge-ejecting and receiving position, the bolt also being rotatable to apredetermined angular extent but only when it is adjacent to the firing position, in combination locking means normally uniting the bolt and barrel, said locking means comprising a radial row of locking lugs on the forward portion of the bolt, a radial row of locking abutments carried by the barrel engaging the rear surfaces of the lugs when the bolt is in firing position, and means for automatically unlocking and retracting the bolt in response to recoil energy, said unlocking means comprising a cam surface on the bolt and a fixed cam carried by the frame, said cams being designed and arranged to rotate the bolt during the short concomitant recoil movement of the bolt and barrel thereby to disengage the lugs and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
US72301A 1936-04-02 1936-04-02 Firearm Expired - Lifetime US2094156A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE420629D BE420629A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1936-04-02
US72301A US2094156A (en) 1936-04-02 1936-04-02 Firearm
GB6588/37A GB486907A (en) 1936-04-02 1937-03-05 Improvements in or relating to firearms
FR819262D FR819262A (fr) 1936-04-02 1937-03-15 Armes à feu

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US72301A US2094156A (en) 1936-04-02 1936-04-02 Firearm

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2094156A true US2094156A (en) 1937-09-28

Family

ID=22106747

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US72301A Expired - Lifetime US2094156A (en) 1936-04-02 1936-04-02 Firearm

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2094156A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE420629A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR819262A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB486907A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060236582A1 (en) * 2002-05-10 2006-10-26 Lewis Karl R Monolithic rail platform and bolt assemblies for a firearm
US20060248771A1 (en) * 2005-05-04 2006-11-09 Richards Marlowe R Muzzleloader having a lugged breech plug installable via axial rotation of 90 degrees or less
US8397623B2 (en) 2009-01-14 2013-03-19 Geoffrey A. Herring Rifle and kit for constructing same
US20160030989A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2016-02-04 Steyr Mannlicher Gmbh Method for producing a gun barrel with integrally adjoining housing

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060236582A1 (en) * 2002-05-10 2006-10-26 Lewis Karl R Monolithic rail platform and bolt assemblies for a firearm
US20110005384A1 (en) * 2002-05-10 2011-01-13 Lewis Karl R Monolithic rail platform and bolt assemblies for a firearm
US8234808B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2012-08-07 Karl R. Lewis Monolithic rail platform and bolt assemblies for a firearm
US8561337B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2013-10-22 Karl R. Lewis Monolithic rail platform and bolt assemblies for a firearm
US8713833B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2014-05-06 Karl R. Lewis Bolt assemblies for a firearm
US9217615B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2015-12-22 Krl Holding Company, Inc. Firearm assembly with upper receiver incorporating an integral upper rail
US20060248771A1 (en) * 2005-05-04 2006-11-09 Richards Marlowe R Muzzleloader having a lugged breech plug installable via axial rotation of 90 degrees or less
US7726058B2 (en) * 2005-05-04 2010-06-01 Richards Marlowe R Muzzleloader firearm with quick-release breech plug
US8397623B2 (en) 2009-01-14 2013-03-19 Geoffrey A. Herring Rifle and kit for constructing same
US20160030989A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2016-02-04 Steyr Mannlicher Gmbh Method for producing a gun barrel with integrally adjoining housing
US9662696B2 (en) * 2013-03-07 2017-05-30 Steyr Mannlicher Gmbh Method for producing a gun barrel with integrally adjoining housing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR819262A (fr) 1937-10-13
GB486907A (en) 1938-06-13
BE420629A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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