US2093645A - Method and apparatus of refining hydrocarbon oil - Google Patents

Method and apparatus of refining hydrocarbon oil Download PDF

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Publication number
US2093645A
US2093645A US5059A US505935A US2093645A US 2093645 A US2093645 A US 2093645A US 5059 A US5059 A US 5059A US 505935 A US505935 A US 505935A US 2093645 A US2093645 A US 2093645A
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United States
Prior art keywords
passage
way
rotor
spiral
liquid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US5059A
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English (en)
Inventor
Walter J Podbielniak
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to NL43751D priority Critical patent/NL43751C/xx
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US5059A priority patent/US2093645A/en
Priority to FR802701D priority patent/FR802701A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2093645A publication Critical patent/US2093645A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G17/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
    • B01D11/0446—Juxtaposition of mixers-settlers
    • B01D11/0461—Juxtaposition of mixers-settlers mixing by counter-current streams provoked by centrifugal force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/60—Pump mixers, i.e. mixing within a pump
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G21/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S494/00—Imperforate bowl: centrifugal separators
    • Y10S494/901—Imperforate bowl: centrifugal separators involving mixture containing oil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in processes and apparatus for effecting countercurrent contact of fluids and more particularly of partly or wholly immiscible liquids of different such as naphtha, lubricating oil, or the like, and sulphuric acids has been referred to. It will' be understood, however, that such references are for the purpose of illustration and are not to be 5 densities. It is in part a continuation of my regarded as limitations upon the processes and 5 prior' applications, Serial No. 476,190, filed August apparatus described. f
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the. together in any suitable manner.
  • a suitable stuffing box or sealing device I4 formed 20 the device of Figs. 1 and 2. as an extension of onewall of the casing I I.
  • the bearing I5 likewise being 25 mate contact with each other and wherein the provided with suitable packing or sealing devices.' 25 impelling action of centrifugal force is employed
  • the hollow shaft I3 then opens'into a chamber I6, to secure' eifective contact of the fluids and the purpose of which will be more fully hereinvelocities, capacities and completeness of inter-' after described.
  • apulley 3o accordance with the present invention I am en- I1 is mounted on the hollow shaft I3, by means 30 abled to.
  • the vention may be employed in manytypes of operalatter being at approximately the -axis of rotation tions in which it is desired to secure effective of the rotor I2.
  • the cylin 40A ployed where the liquids are intended to4 react drical retainer 2l, suitably formed as a wall memupon each other or upon constituents present in ber provided at intervals -with openings 22,
  • liquid contained in the casing II oils with sulphuric'acid,valkaline solutions may communicate with the interior of the rotor 45 the ⁇ like. It may also. be employed in solvent I2 and with the outer end of theespiral-passage 20. 45
  • the spiral passage 20 is of Voils of various typesl withl relatively immiscible generally rectangular cross-section.
  • solvents such as liquid sulphur dioxide, nitro-
  • the front-wall or face of the rotor I2 is formed benzene, phenol,and the like.
  • aremovable plate 23 which is provided with 5J- toeiect the dehydration of .organic substances grooves 24, cut in theform ofy a spiral and into 50 and for other purposes wherein interaction' or which the free ends of the spiral web or coil lISI reaction between immiscible liquids isv desired.
  • Fig. 3 is a detailed sectional view through a portion of the rotor
  • Fig. 4 is a detailed sectional view showing a ings, interaction between a petroleum oil fraction casingl I I there is provided a rotating element or* rotor I2', the construction of which will be more fully hereinafter described.
  • the rotor I2 is attached to a hollow shaft I3, which passes through be provided in the spiral groove 24 inthe removable plate 23, if necessary to secure a tight seal.
  • the plate 23 may be secured to the rotor I2 by any suitable means, for example, by screws as indicated at 26.
  • the outer face of the casingv II is closed by a removable plate 21, which may be secured to the casing by any suitable means, for example, by the hinged bolts 28.
  • the casing II is likewise provided with a suitable inlet 29 to which may be connected the supply line for the oil or other like liquid to be supplied to the apparatus.
  • the casing II is also provided, preferably at its lowermost point, with a discharge conduit 30,
  • the discharge conduit 30 communicates liquid, for example, sulphuric acid and sludge with an enlarged chamber 3
  • is provided at its bottom with an outlet line 32 closed by a valve 33.
  • a iioat 34 which, through a suitable mechanism, such as the compressed air control valve 35 and the air driven piston 36, operates to open the valve 33 and permit the discharge of separated heavy liquid orA acid from the enlarged chamber 3
  • the interior of the spiral passage 20 communicates with the central opening in the hollow shaft I3, the opening inthe hollow shaft in turn communicating with the chamber i6.
  • the latter is provided with an outlet connection 31, through which lighter liquid or oil may be discharged from the system.
  • a stationary pipe 38 passes through the outer wall of the chamber IB and through the central opening of the hollow shaft I3, terminating within the innermost turn of the spiral passage 20 and being provided there with slots as indicated at 39 to permit the feed of heavy liquid or acidA into the innermost portion of the spiral passage.
  • the pipe 38 is provided with a connection through which the acid or other lheavier liquid may be supplied.v
  • a heavy hydrocarbon oil fraction such as a lubricant oil having a.. specific gravity in the order of 0.8
  • sulphuric acid such as is usually employed having a specific gravity in the order of 1.6 to 1.8
  • the oil to be treated is fed under a suitable pressure to the casing containing the rotor I2 through the connection 29.
  • 'I'he treating liquid or acid is fed through the connection 40 to the stationary pipe 38 and reaches the innermost turn of the spiral passage 20, passing through the slotted openings 39 in the end of the pipe.
  • the rotor is rotated at a suitable speed to secure an vadequate centrifugal force acting upon the liquids present to cause a continuous outward movement of the heavy liquid or acid. through the spiral passage 20.
  • the heavy liquid distributes itself inv a film or layer upon the inner surface of the outer wall of the turns of the spiral passage-way.
  • 'I'he difference in density between the acid or heavier liquid and the oil or lighter liquid is effective, under the centrifugal force supplied, to force the acid outwardly through the spiral passage, while the oil or lighter liquid is forced into the casing under such applied pressure as to cause it to travel in the reverse direction'through the spiral passage.
  • 'I'he direction of rotation of the rotor may be in either direction and is preferably as shown in Fig. 2, in the direction of a decreasing radius of the spiral passage-way.
  • the acid or any accompanying sludge or product of treatment is discharged at the outside of the passage-way through thelopenings 22 in the outer wall 2
  • another removal pipe or drain pipe 42 may be provided at the lowermost point in the casing I6, and a suitable gauge column 43. may be provided to indicate the level of liquid therein.
  • the spiral passage-way 20 is shown as of constant pitch throughout and therebythe enective or tangential component of the centrifugal force, acting upon the liquids present is substantially constant through the travel of the liquid. If desired-the pitch of the spiral passage 20 may be varied, the spiral passage being either given an increasing or decreasing pitch.
  • the pitch of the spiral may be decreased toward thecuter margin 4 these conditions, the length of the spiral passageway l2 will be approximatelyY 25 feet and if the depth of the passage is in the order of 4 inches, theI device will be'effective to handle in the order of 500 gallons per minute of oil, assuming a feed of acid of about the amount of oil supplied; that is, about 500 gallons per minute.
  • oil is supplied to the rotor .at a pressure in excess of this effective head, suitablyy at a pressure o'f 100 pounds or more and under the conditions set forth, a pressure of supply of the oil" in the order of 100 to 125 pounds has been found desirable.
  • the substantially greater density of the acid and the resulting larger force with which it is driven outwardly through thespiralpassage causes a rapid and free iiow of the acid with respect to the oil. tributes itself over the inner surface of the out- ⁇ side wall of the passage-way in its travel and is intimately contacted at its surface with the oil flowing under pressure in the reverse direction.
  • the inner surface ofthe outer wall of the passage-way 20 may be provided with grooves of I any desired form or with other irregularities or projections, so as to cause an internal agitation to v improve or increase the extent of contact between the oil and the acid.
  • the heavier liquid ⁇ component tends to build up and accumulate back of the obstruction and thereby makes automatically effective a greater increased outward driving force to remove and the power demands for rotation of an apparatus such as that herein set forth are relatively low,.
  • the operation illustrated and described it is in the order of ten times gravity and in general, I prefer that it shall be not less than two times gravity and preferably at least four times gravity.
  • the acidd is- The device in operation gives a long effectivey path 4for interfacial contact between the components of the system and, as indicated hereinbefore, when desired, by slight groovings or projections'upon the walls of the passage, either for their entire length or preferably in the intermediate pcrtion of the passage alone, some additional agitation or turbulence can be secured, by which even more effective intermingling or coritact of the liquids can be secured.
  • the end portions are available for securing a more effective separation of the components near their respective points of discharge while still maintaining interfacialcontact between them.
  • the apparatus disclosed may also be employed for the counter-current treatment of a liquid with a gas or vapor, the latter then following the path of the lighter liquid in the operation as described.
  • it may be employed in washing of water gas or producer gas or of coke oven gas to remove hydrogen sulphide; for Awashing or contacting gases with lwater or other iiuids to remove fume, solids or the like, and for interaction ⁇ between a reactive gas and a liquid, for example, in the chlorination of hydrocarbons.
  • chlorination or other halogenation'reactions or in other reactions in which a liquid reaction product is secured from -the reactionof two or more gases,
  • the gases intended to react with each other may dislodge the obstruction. It is to be noted that be introduced at the-outlet of the spiral passageway, the liquid reaction product'being discharged therefrom on formation.
  • the outer face 21 of the casingll and the outer wall 2?r of the rotor may be constructed in whole or in part of transparent quartz or of a suitable glass or transparent plaster, to permit actinic4 rays from a suitable source (not sho'wn) to enter the passage-way.
  • the rotor and other parts in contactwith the materials under treatment may be formed of any suitable chemically resistant material adapted for the intended use; such as glass or quartz; suitable s'tainless steels, such as low chromium and nickel-chromium iron alloys, nickel, Monel metal or the like; or may be plated or vcoated with suitable chemically resistant materials, such as tantalum, platinum, gold, silver, enamel or the like.
  • suitable chemically resistant materials such as tantalum, platinum, gold, silver, enamel or the like.
  • Various non-reactive plastics of the phenol-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde type may also supplying one of said liquids of greater density lto the center of a curved passageway of increas- 2.
  • the method of effecting contact between in- Y completely miscible liquids which comprises supplying one of said liquids of greater density to the center of a curved passage-way of increasing radius, rotating said passage-way to sec're by centrifugal action an outwardly propellant force substantially exceeding that of gravity to propel said liquid through said passage-way, and supplyf ing the lighter of said liquids to the outer end of said passage-way under pressure sufficient to force said lighter liquid inwardly through said passage-way to the center thereof in counter-current contact with said heavier liquids.
  • the method of effecting contact between incompletely miscible liquids which comprises supplying one of said liquids of greater density to the center of a curved passage-way of increasing radius, rotating said passage-way to secure by centrifugal action an outwardly propellant force suilicient to propel said liquid outwardly through said passage-way, discharging said'liquid into a relatively stationary chamber communicating with the outer end of said passage-way, supplying the lighter of said liquids to said chamber. and maintaining in said chamber a head or pressure of said lighter liquid sufilcient to force said lighter liquid inwardly through said passage-,way to the center thereof in counter-current contact with said heavier' liquid.
  • An apparatus for effecting counter-current contact between fluids a rotor member having a face-plate, a spiral strip mounted on said faceplate, whereby a spiral passage-way is formed thereon, a closurev plate forming an opposing face for said rotor, said closure plate being provided with a spiral groove'into which the edge of said spiral strip is fitted, means for rotating said member, and means for supplying a fluid to the center of said passage-way to be propelled therethrough by centrifugal force resulting from the rotation of said rotor member.
  • An apparatus for effecting counter-current contact between fluids a rotor member having a face-plate, said face-plate being provided with a central opening, a spiral strip mounted on said face-plate whereby a 'spiral passage-way is formed thereon, a closure plate forming an opposing face for said rotor and closing said passage-way, said closure plate being provided with a spiral groove into which the edge of said spiral is fitted, means for supplying a fluid through the 'central opening of said face-plate to enter the spiral passage-way centrally of the rotor, and means for rotating said rotor member to force said uid outwardly therethrough by centrifugal ⁇ force.
  • An apparatus for effecting counter-current contacts between uids a rotor member having a face-plate, said face-plate being provided with a central opening, a spiral strip mounted on said face-plate whereby a spiral passage-way is formed thereon, a closure plate forming an opposing face for said rotor and closing said passage-way, said closure plate being provided with a spiral groove into which the edge of said spiral is fitted, means for supplying a fluid through the central opening of said face-plate to enter the spiral passage-way centrally of the rotor, means for rotating said rotor member to force said fluid outwardly through the passage-way by the action of centrifugal force, and means for supplying a lighter uid to the outer opening of said passage-way under pressure sufilcient to force it inwardly therethrough.
  • a hollow shaft on which said last-mentioned face-plate is mounted, the central opening in the face-plate communicating with the opening in said hollow shaft, the other of said face-plates being provided with a spiral groove into which the edge of said spiral strip is fitted, means for supplying a' fluid to the center of said spiral passageway, means for rotatingthe hollow shaft, thereby rotating said rotor and forcing said iluld outwardly through the passage-way by centrif ⁇ ugal force, means for supplying a lighter fluid to said passage-way at the exterior of the rotor 11.
  • a rotor member having opposing face-plates and a spiral strip mounted there 4between whereby a spiral passage-way is formed in said rotor, one of said face-plates being provided with a spiral groove into which the edge of said spiral strip is tted, the other of said face-plates having a central opening, a hollow shaft on which the last-mentioned face-plate l is mounted, the opening in said hollow shaft oommunicating through the central opening of said face-plate with the center of the spiral passageway, in the rotor, a stationary pipe extending through the opening in-said hollow shaft and ⁇ terminating centrally within the rotor, means for supplying a iluid through said stationary pipe to the interior of said rotor.
  • An apparatus for effecting counter-current contacts between fluids a rotor member having opposing face-plates anda spiral strip mounted there between, forming a spiral passageway in said rotor, one of said face-plates'being provided with a spiral groove into which the edge of said spiral strip is fitted, the other of said. face-plates'having a central opening communieating with the center of said passage-way, a hollow shaft on which said rotor is mounted.
  • the method of refining hydrocarbon-oils v which comprises supplying an aqueous reactive Vfluid tothe center of a spiral passage-way. rotat- Aing said passage-wayA to secure'by centrifugal action an outwardly propellant force to cause said aqueous reactive fluid to move outwardly drocarbon oil tothe .outer end of said :s: way underpressure suilicient to force l wardly through said passage-way to the center' thereof in counter-current contact: 'with said 4outerjend of said e-wayfunder pressuresufilcient to force said oil inwardly through said e-way to the center thereof in counter-current contact with said sulphuric acid.
  • -l -w samouvto said first-mentioned fluid, at least one face- ⁇ plate of said rotor being transparent to light rays,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
US5059A 1935-02-05 1935-02-05 Method and apparatus of refining hydrocarbon oil Expired - Lifetime US2093645A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL43751D NL43751C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1935-02-05
US5059A US2093645A (en) 1935-02-05 1935-02-05 Method and apparatus of refining hydrocarbon oil
FR802701D FR802701A (fr) 1935-02-05 1936-02-04 Procédé et appareil perfectionnés pour réaliser le contact entre des liquides incomplètement miscibles

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FR (1) FR802701A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2626889A (en) * 1948-11-22 1953-01-27 Phillips Petroleum Co Method of and apparatus for liquidliquid contacting
US2852438A (en) * 1956-03-02 1958-09-16 Sun Oil Co Acid-clay treatment of petroleum fractions using centrifugal force
US2867582A (en) * 1956-04-24 1959-01-06 Sun Oil Co Separation of compounds of varying adsorbabilities
US3107218A (en) * 1960-05-09 1963-10-15 Collin M Doyle Rotating column contact device
US3376977A (en) * 1964-12-21 1968-04-09 Texaco Inc System for separating solids from an oil-water fluid mixture
US20040151056A1 (en) * 1998-08-18 2004-08-05 Tore Omtveit Apparatus having partially gold-plated surface
US20100044320A1 (en) * 2008-08-20 2010-02-25 Tiax, Llc Chemical reactors

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2626889A (en) * 1948-11-22 1953-01-27 Phillips Petroleum Co Method of and apparatus for liquidliquid contacting
US2852438A (en) * 1956-03-02 1958-09-16 Sun Oil Co Acid-clay treatment of petroleum fractions using centrifugal force
US2867582A (en) * 1956-04-24 1959-01-06 Sun Oil Co Separation of compounds of varying adsorbabilities
US3107218A (en) * 1960-05-09 1963-10-15 Collin M Doyle Rotating column contact device
US3376977A (en) * 1964-12-21 1968-04-09 Texaco Inc System for separating solids from an oil-water fluid mixture
US20040151056A1 (en) * 1998-08-18 2004-08-05 Tore Omtveit Apparatus having partially gold-plated surface
US20100044320A1 (en) * 2008-08-20 2010-02-25 Tiax, Llc Chemical reactors
US7906016B2 (en) * 2008-08-20 2011-03-15 Tiax Llc Chemical reactors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR802701A (fr) 1936-09-14
NL43751C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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