US2092439A

US2092439A - Apparatus for testing yarns, threads, filaments, and the like

Info

Publication number: US2092439A
Application number: US36735A
Authority: US
Inventors: Aleidus G Bouhuys
Original assignee: American Enka Corp
Current assignee: Akzona Inc
Priority date: 1935-08-17
Filing date: 1935-08-17
Publication date: 1937-09-07
Anticipated expiration: 1954-09-07

Description

' Sept. 7, 1937. A. G. BOUITIUYS 2,092,439

APPARATUS FOR TESTING YARNS, THREADS,- FILAMENTS, AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 17, 1 935 2 Sheets-Sheet l Sept. 7, 1937. A H Y 2,092,439

APPARATUS FOR TESTING YARNS, THREADS, FILAMENTS, AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 17, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 wot/MAJ Patented Sept. 7, 1937 PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR TESTING YARNS, 'rmgians, mamas-rs, AND 'rnn Aleidus G. Bouliuys, l'lnka, N. 0., assignmto American Enka Corporation, Enka, N. 0., a corporation of Delaware Application August 1-1, 1935, Serial No. 36,735

5 Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for testing yarns, artificial silk, or the like, hereinafter referred to as yarns, and more particularly to ap-- paratus for detecting flaws in the yarn having 5 sub-normal tensile strength, which apparatus consists of means for continuously feeding the yarn through adequate guide and tensioning means'under predetermined tension to a point of test from which it is passed through adequate traverse guide means to a spool on which it is wound. a

The point at which an average section of nondefective yarn will break depends upon the denier of the thread to be tested, i.' e., a great deal less force is required to break a fine yarn than, isrequired to break a coarse yarn. Therefore, it

has been a simple matter to determine standards of breaking strength for difierent kinds of yarn. by running a'series of tests for breaking strength on a conventional single strand testing machine.

ular grade of yarn breaks below its normal breakingstrength the reason is laid to a defect in .the yarn. The yarn can be studied at the point of breakage and the causes thereof determined.

Further, it is well known that artificial silk yarns of a particular denier may be stretched up .to a point considered normal for. that denier,

without damaging the yarn, although beyond said point the yarn will be abnormally stretched and broken. If no defect occurs in the yarn, the yarn under test will break at the point which is considered normal forthat particular denier.

Therefore, I have provided an apparatus whereby tension may be imposed on the yarn prior to its reaching the testing device, the tension so i applied being suflicient to set theindicating device at. the position indicating the extent to which the yarn may normally be stretched without breaking or otherwise injuring the filaments.v

Under such circumstances, when a weak spot occurs in the yarn, the normal tension so applied.

to it will cause it to break. Upon the breakage oi the yarn the ends are tied together and the machine is again set in motion. Thus, it is possible, continuously, quickly and efllciently totest an entire body of yarn for defects as may exist,

breakingstrength testing machine is converted Accordingly, it a sample of a partic-' into a continuous running single strand testing machine without permanently modifying the same. Such a device as is contemplated by this invention causes the breaking strength testing machine to be convertible at will by the simple expedient of moving the table on which the auxiliary machine is mounted to a position adjacent the single strand breaking strength testing machine and then after detaching the upper clamp by which the thread is normally held, re-- 10 placing the clamp with a grooved fiber roller .and bearing assembly. Such conversion of the machine eliminates the necessity of maintaining a two individual units, one for testing a single strand for breaking strength and the other for 5 continuously testing a runniifg strand for points of subnormal tensile strength.

A type of single strand breaking strength testing machine with which this auxiliary machine is adapted to beused is marketed by Goodbrand 2o 8; 00., Ltd. machine comprises generally an upright'steel column having a thread clamping means slidably mounted thereon, the-upward or downward movement of which is controlled by a manually operated weight and release lever. 25 An upper clamp is attached to a band wound about the circumference of a roller which controls the movements of an indicator: directed to a quadrant shaped scale. In operation, this type of machine secured at 'one end in the lower clamp which is slidably mounted on the upright support, while the other end thereof is secured in the upper clamp which is attached to the band wound about the circumference of the roller 'con- 35 trolling the-indicatlng device.' The initial distance between the two clamps is ordinarily about centimeters. The operator customarily selects a section of yarn of sumcient additional length to makesure the section is long enough to allow 40 for clamping the ends. The operator then .releases the weight controlling the movement of the lower clamp, causing the lower clamp to move downward. As the thread is stretched, the indicator is displaced and moves along the 45 quadrant scale until the yarn breaks. Therefore, it can be seen that the elongation of the yarn as well as the. force applied to the yarn is indicated, v r I I Testing by a single strand breaking strength -machine is indeed a tedious procedure since to test individual sections of the yarn takenfrom representative parts throughout the length of the spool ofyyarn would require considerabletime.

Accordingly, it is impracticable to test all parts has the section of yarn to be tested 30' of yarn body with the single strand breaking strength testing machine. For this reason it has been customary to confine tests on said type of machine to the outermost and innermost layers of the yarn. Although the tested samplesof thread be found to be satisfactory, yet a defective and subnormal section of yarn may exist in those sections of yarn which have not been tested.

This invention further contemplates a machine by which yarns having a broad range of tensile strengths may be tested accurately. To accomplish this, a pendulum type indicator is used. Pivoted on an axis immediately above the axis of the indicator is a second pendulum, the mass of which is in the form of a grooved roller that is adapted to'roll along the stem of the indicator. Thus these two pendulums cooperate to add to the capacity of the machine and yet give maximum deflections of the indicator for loads applied in testing relatively light yarns.

A further object is the provision of a simple device or combination of devices to convert a single strand breaking strength testing apparatus into an apparatus with which to detect spots of lower breaking strength in the yarn being tested by applying a constant load that may be regulated in proportion to the total average breaking load of the yarn under test.

A still further object of this invention is the provision of a novel combination and arrangement of elements to cooperate with a single strand breaking strength tester to form a continuous and running strand testing machine in which all the elements thereof are mounted on a table, or like structure, whereby the machine is rendered portable.

A still further object of this invention is the provision of a continuous running strand testing machine with a capacity for testing yarns having a broad range of tensile strengths which will in all cases give indications which can be easily and accurately read.

Other objects and advantages will appear from the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the machine with the motor therefor being shown in broken lines to permit the unobstructed illustration of the parts therebehind;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the indicator scale taken along the line 2--2 of Fig. 1 showing the stop for the indicator clamped in position on the scale;

Fig. 3 is a detail bottom view of the stop as shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken alongthe line 4-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the entire machine;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line 6-6 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is an end view of the machine showing only the prime mover and the winding mechanism;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view along the line 8-8 of Fig. 1 showing the primary tensioning means in detail; and

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the support for the primary tensioning means along the line 9-9 of Fig. 8, showing in detail its adjustable features.

The numeral i designates a spool or cone of yarn to be tested which is placed upon a felt pad 2. Pad 2 is secured to the top surface of one end of the table 3. Yarn I from the cone is then brought upwardly through a conventional pigtail guide member 5 which is secured to the edge of a horizontal table or platform 6 that is mounted upon and secured to a vertical support 8 by a suitable bolt 1. The vertical support 8 having its bottom end formed in the shape of a flat foot member 9 is secured to the table 3 by suitable screws or bolts l0. Mounted on the horizontal table 6 are small and large conventional disk type rotatable members ll, around which the yarn 4 is brought from the pigtail guide 5. The rotation of these members by the yarn effects a preliminary tension thereon. The yarn is th en passed under a conventional porcelain guide 'l2'to the main tension element.

The main or principal tension element is forme with a stepped, circumferentially grooved roller I3 preferably made of hard rubber, which is journaled on, and adapted to turn about, a central shaft l4. Shaft I4 is secured at one end to a vertical support l5 which support is in the form of a bracket. The arm of the bracket which provides the support for the roller I3 is of suiiicient length to give the roller its necessary relative elevation while the other arm of the bracket is provided with elongated holes or slots and is secured to the table 3 by suitable screws or bolts it which pass through the slots. Such construction provides for transverse adjustment of the main tension element so that the part of the grooved roller last contacted by the yarn is in alignment with a roller IT. Secured to the'shaft i4 and vertical support i 5 by link members I8 is a roller l 9 having grooves which correspond to the circumferential grooves in the roller l3. Roller l9 which may be formed of steel, glass or other material is disposed in a manner such that its axis is parallel to and in substantially the same horizontal plane as that of the stepped grooved roller l3.

Yarn from the porcelain guide I 2 is passed over both the grooved roller l3 and the grooved roller l9 then back under the grooved roller l3 thus completing one turn. Suiiicient turns are takefi about these members-to substantially pr'ev'ent slippage on the grooved rollers. In order to retard the turning of the grooved roller l3 and thereby apply tension to the strand of yarn being tested, a'fiexible steel brake band 20 having one of its ends 2| secured to the anchor member 22, carried by an arm 23 projecting from the vertical support I5, is brought over and in contact with the surface of the stepped portion 24 of the roller l3. End 25 of the brake band is secured to a spring 26 which is in turn connected to the eyelet 21 of the threaded rod 28. This rod 28 cooperates with the nut 29 and the anchor member 30 to form adjustment means for the brake 20.

Beyond the point just referred to the yarn 4 is passed from the main tensioning element under a fiber roller l1 journaled on a shaft 32 which is secured to a suitable vertical support 33. The yarn is then carried upwardly and over the grooved fiber roller 3| which is attached to andactuates a testing machine indicator 35 for the purpose hereinafter more fully described. From the roller 34 the yarn is brought downwardly and passed under the grooved roller 36 which is mounted in a manner similar to the roller l1 and the yarn is then carried through a conventional traverse guide 3! to a spool or cone 38 on which it is wound.

Spool 38 is supported by a shaft 39 which shaft is supported in slots 40 formed in'the upper end of two vertical support members ll. The ends of the shaft 39 are provided with circumferential grooves 39' and they extend through the slots a sufllcient distance to receive rings 42 which are secured to one. end of the respective coil springs 43. The oppositeends of the coil springs are secured by suitable eye-bolts 44 or other anchor means to the surface of the table. Springs 43 function to hold the driven shaft down in its bearings in such manner that the periphery of the driven spool 38 is maintained in frictional engagement with a soft rubber driving roll 45. The soft rubber driving roll is mounted on a shaft that is journaled in bearings 46 which are formed in the vertical supports 4|, the supportsibeing secured to' the table by means of suitable screws or bolts 41 Soft rubber roll 45 which as stated drives the. spool 38 is in turn driven by frictional engagement with a' shaft 41, the axis of which is parallel to that of the driving roller and the spool. Shaft 41 is journaled in bearings 48 carried by the vertical supports 4| and it is driven through a suitable connection by an electric motor 49. The motor is positioned on the table, and secured adjacent the vertical supports, by suitable screws or bolts 50. Secured to the end of the shaft 41 opposite from that to which the motor is engaged, is a pulley II which is adapted to rotate therewith. This pulley, through the medium of a belt, chain, or similar means 52 drives a pulley. 53 which actuates a conventional traverse guide mechanism generally indicated at 54. X

It will be clear, therefore, that the electric motor, by means of the shaft 41 and the soft rubber roll 45 drives the spool 38 to effect the winding various tension devices described above.

That portion of the table between the two vertical supports for the rollers I1 and 36 is cut out to receive the upright supporting members of a testing machine to an extent which permits alignment of roller 34 with the rollers i1 and 86. The roller 34 and bearing assembly is detachably secured to one end of a flexible band, tape or cable 55. the otherend of which is brought over and secured to the periphery of the disk 56 which is keyed to or made integral with a shaft 51 adapted to be supported by and journaled in bearings 58 carried by the yoke member 59. An indicator 3! of indicator cooperates with an arcuate scale I! to give an indication of the testing force which is applied to the yarn.

To give the machine a greater capacity with- .out detracting gom its accuracy in indicating relatively light loads, a second pendulum 68 is pivotally securedto a vertical support 69 immediately above the axis of the indicator 35. Its mass is provided by a grooved roller I0 which is adapted to rollalong the stem of the indicator pendulum I5, and produce the effect of adding mass to the indicator pendulum with increased deflections resulting from corresponding increases in load. with this particular arrangement of pendulums, in addition to increasing the capacity of the machine, the calibration curve for the scale will more nearly approach a straight line. and as a result the indications may be more accurately read..

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, a clamp 60 is provided as shown in detail in Figs. 2 and 3. The clamp is adapted to be secured to the arcuate scale member 35' and form" "a stop for the pendulum indicator. This stop is utilized to prevent the pendulum from swinging into the vertical position when the yarn breaks. A pendulum of such length as is utilized in testing machines of this character is of light construction and is readily bent or deio'rmed'with rough usage. Hence the necessity for providing a stop member which can be placed near the point on the scale to which the indicator points when the machine is in operation. As clearly shown by Figs. 2 and 3, the clamp 60 is in the form of a metal yoke and is substantially ushaped. One arm 6| of the yoke is provided with a tapped hole 62 which communicates with the space between the two members of the yoke and is adapted to receive a set screw 63, by which the yoke is secured to the scale. On one face of the yoke is secured, by a suitable bolt 64, a rubber buffer adapted to contact the pendulum when the pendulum strikes the stopmember.

The bottom end of the arcuate scale is secured to the vertical support 66 while the upper and outer end thereof is bolted to one end of a horizontal brace 61 which is secured along with the yoke member 59, to the vertical support 66 at a. point near the top thereof. ,y

This invention also contemplates the use of single strand breaking strength testing machines other than the one described in the preferred embodiment of this invention which could be readily converted in a'manner taught by this invention.

What I claim is:

- 1. A continuous running strand testing machine comprising in combination preliminary tension and guide means, a grooved roller, a smaller roller having grooves corresponding to the grooves in said first roller, said grooves being adapted to receive a number of turns of the yarn about both rollers, a brake band positioned on a stepped portion of the first mentioned roller, adjusting means for said brake band whereby the resistance of the roller against turning, to efl'ect a predetermined tension on the thread being tested, may be varied, means for indicating the tension applied to the yarn, and collection means on which the thread is wound continuousiy at a constant rate while being tested.

2. An attachment for a standard breaking strength testing machine adapted to convert the same into a continuous running strand testing machine comprising in combination a table, preliminary tensioning and guide means mounted on one end of the table, a grooved roller comprising a main tensioning means, an adjustable support for the grooved roller, the foot of the support being provided with elongated openings through which screws or bolts are passed to permit transverse adjustment of the main tensioning means whereby a strand leaves the last groove of the roller at right angles to the axis of the roller and is in alignment with the groove of the next roller contacted, a secondgrooved roller and bearing assembly adapted to be secured to an actuating band of a tension indicating mechanism, a pair of spaced grooved rollers, independent supports for said rollers,-a spool and a prime mover for driving said spool to effect a constant rate of winding of the yarn thereon whereby I said roll, said grooves being adapted to receive a suflicient number of turns of yarn about the roller and roll to prevent slippage on the roll, a brake band positioned on a stepped portion of said roll, adjustable means for said brake 5 band whereby the resistance of the roll against turning, to effect a predetermined tension on the thread being tested, may be varied, a support for said roll, brake band, and roller having elongated openings in the foot thereof, means for adjustably securing the foot of the support to a plane .surface whereby the yarn will leave the roll and roller substantially without deflection, means for indicating the tension applied to the yarn, and collection means on which the thread is wound continuously at a constant rate while being tested.

4. An apparatus for testing a continuous running strand of yarn comprising in combination preliminary tension and guide means,.an adjustable primary roller tension device whereby predetermined tension may be placed on the yarn to be tested, a vertical support for the primary tension, said support being transversely adjustable with respect to the path of travel of the yarn, a pair of grooved rollers mounted on fixed bearings and in line with the path of travel of the yarn, a third grooved roller having its bearing secured to the lower end of a band and disposed between and a substantial distance above the first two grooved rollers but in the same vertical plane, a disk adapted to 'be rotated about its axis by the upper end of said band, means by which the band is secured to the disk, a pendulum type indicator adapted to be actuated by the disk, an arcuate scale so disposed that it will cooperate with the indicator to give a reading of testing force applied to the yarn,

a second pendulum the mass of which is a grooved roller that is adapted to rest on and roll along 40 the stem of the indicator, said second pendulum having its axis above the axis of the indicator and in vertical alignment therewith, a traverse guide through which theyarn is wound on a spool, a prime mover adapted to rotate the spool to draw the yarn through the testing machine thus overcoming the opposing force to the movement of the yarn imposed by the tension means to efiect the testing of the yarn while it is continuously being drawn through the apparatus.

5. An apparatus for testing'a continuously running strand of yarn comprising in combination preliminary tension and guide means, a stepped 5 circumferentially grooved roll, a roller having grooves corresponding to the grooves in said roll, said grooves being adapted to receive the yarn whereby a suflicient number of turns taken about the roller and roll will prevent slippage on the 10 roll, a brake band positioned on a stepped portion of said roll, adjustable means for said brake band whereby the resistance of the roll against turning, to effect a predetermined tension on the thread being tested, may be varied, a support 15 for said roll, brake band, and roller having elongated openings in the foot thereof, means carried in said openings for adjustably securing the support to a plane surface whereby the yarn will leave the roll and roller at substantially a right 20 angle to the roller, a pair of grooved rollers permanently mounted on fixed supports in line with the path of travel of the yarn, a third grooved roller having its bearing secured to the lower end of a band and disposed between and 25 a substantial distance above the first two'grooved rollers but in the same vertical plane, a disk adapted to be rotated about its axis by the upper end of said band, means by which the band is secured to the disk, a pendulum type indicator adapted to be actuated by the disk, an arcuate scale so disposed that it will cooperate with the indicator to give a reading of testing force applied to the yarn, a second pendulum the mass of which is a grooved roller that is adapted to rest on and roll along the stem of the indicator, said second pendulum having its axis above the axis of the indicator and in vertical alignment therewith, a traverse guide through which the yarn is wound on a. spool, a prime mover adapted to rotate the spool to draw the yarn through the testing machine thus overcoming the oppos-. ing force to the movement of the yarn imposed by the tension means to effect the testing of the yarn while it is continuously-being drawn 45 through the apparatus.

ALEIDUS G. BOUHUYS.