US2092150A - Apparatus for and method of spraying molten metal - Google Patents

Apparatus for and method of spraying molten metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US2092150A
US2092150A US756076A US75607634A US2092150A US 2092150 A US2092150 A US 2092150A US 756076 A US756076 A US 756076A US 75607634 A US75607634 A US 75607634A US 2092150 A US2092150 A US 2092150A
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Prior art keywords
air
gas
nozzle
wire
metal
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Expired - Lifetime
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US756076A
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English (en)
Inventor
Purling A Bieakley
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GILLORD Corp
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GILLORD CORP
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Publication date
Priority to BE412629D priority Critical patent/BE412629A/xx
Priority to NL45233D priority patent/NL45233C/xx
Application filed by GILLORD CORP filed Critical GILLORD CORP
Priority to US756076A priority patent/US2092150A/en
Priority to GB33525/35A priority patent/GB466782A/en
Priority to FR800941D priority patent/FR800941A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2092150A publication Critical patent/US2092150A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
    • B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
    • B05B7/203—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like

Definitions

  • This invention relates to metal working and more particularlyto an apparatus for spraying molten metals and the method of operation thereof, although the invention is not limited to 5 working metals but may be employed with equal facility for melting and spraying other initially solid materials.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the construction as well as the means and mode of operation of metal spraying apparatus whereby it may not only be economically menu: factured and operated, but will be more eflicient in use, automatic in operation, uniform in action, and unlikely to get out of repair.
  • a further object of the invention is to enable the reduction and deposit of metals and alloys having relatively high fusing points.
  • A' further object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus capable of depositing a large volume of metal rapidly and with a fine texture.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus employing gas and air blasts at relatively low pressures.
  • a further object is to utilize the air discharge to create a suction on the gas and wire nozzle ports thereby preventing back firing and minimizing necessity for accurate wire sizing.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide intimate intermixture of the fuel gas and air before they reach the point of operation upon the material, and to enable uniform equalized distribution of air and gas mixture throughout the working area.
  • a further object of the invention is to minimize the air and gas consumption.
  • a further object is the provision for introduction of an additional gas into the air stream.
  • a further object of the invention is the maintenance of constant air and gas operating pressures with consequent avoidance of necessity for frequent readjustments.
  • a further obj ect of the invention is the provision of an improved nozzle construction.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide thermal insulation of the nozzle whereby the spray nozzle will be maintained at' a relatively low temperature during operation.
  • a further object is to enable convenient and "accurate machining of the nozzle, parts and render the passages readily accessible for forming and cleaning.
  • Fig. 1 is a top plan view of the assembled apparatus.
  • Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof.
  • Fig. 3 is a rear elevation thereof.
  • Fig. 4 is a bottom plan view of the motor base, showing the air and gasconnectlons.
  • Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view through the base, illustrating the air and gas connections and cut-off.
  • Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the nozzle assembly.
  • Fig. 'I is a detail sectional view in a plane perpendicular to that of Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 8 is a transverse sectional view of the nozzle assembly on line 88 of Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional view of the nozzle assemblyat a midlength position on line 9-9 of Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view and front elevation of the nozzle'assembly on line
  • Fig. 11 is-a detail rear view of the wire feeding rolls.
  • Fig. 12 isan elevation of the rack and pinion adjustment of the wire lead viewed from the interior of the feeding mechanism housing.
  • Fig. 12 isan elevation of the rack and pinion adjustment of the wire lead viewed from the interior of the feeding mechanism housing.
  • Figs. 14, 15, and 16 are detail views of the gas, metal and air nozzles.
  • Fig. 17 is a detail view of the gas mixing ring.
  • Fig. 18 is a-detail view of the nozzle mounting spud and wire guide.
  • the gas mixture contains an excess of oxygen it will tend to oxidize the metal as it is being laid. To the contrary, if it contains an excess of acetylene it will carbonize the deposited metal.
  • To completely and efllciently burn acetylene gas requires two and a half volumes'of oxygen to one volume of acetylene. Combustion thereof results in two volumes of carbon dioxide to one volume of water vapor.
  • Past practice has demonstrated that it is best to'supply equal parts of acetylene and oxygen gases through the torch and supply ample air to the flame to afford the additional one and one-half parts of oxygen necessary for complete combustion.
  • the equalized oxygen and acetylene gas mixture is supplied through an annular group of jet passages surrounding the wire passage in close association with which is an annular group of air jet passagessupplying to the flames the necessary additional oxygen to build up the required proportion of'one to two and a half acetylene and oxygen mixture.
  • the equalized-initial mixture supplied through the 'torch is assured only by delivering the gases through fixed openings or jets under uniform pressure. However, unless the gases havebeen thoroughly mixed before delivery to the nozzle, the acetylene gas may burn from one side of the orifice, and the oxygen from the other side.
  • conduits, or chambers through which the gases flow to the metering and delivery jets Such restrictions and lack-of capacity have a detrimental effect upon the pressure and supply maintenance.
  • the main air stream from the compressed air supply tank is delivered under pressure to a mixin'g chamber where, if desired, a third gas may be introduced.
  • a third gas may be introduced.
  • the primary air stream passes from the nozzle in substantially the form of 'an air pipe serving as a carrier for the molten material to the point of application, thus forming an envelope surrounding the stream of molten metal affording protection thereto as well as a carrying power and greatly reduces the possibility of oxidization of the metal while being propelled through the air.
  • An'adjustment at the end of the nozzle enables the operator to cause the air to take hold of the molten metal earlier or later and affords absolute control. Once set, this adjustment need not be changed except as the material is changed or a different condition of deposit is desired.
  • This carrier air flow is directed at an angle against and flows continguous to the walls of the main nozzle orifice and thus prevents the intense heat from burning the nozzle. Tests have shown that the center of this primary tubular air stream is almosta neutral zone through which the molten metal is carried.
  • the feeding mechanism for the material supply is a vital factor, especially for a commercial production tool of relatively large capacity as here contemplated. No two different kinds of metal stock fuse at the same temperatures or, conversely, are fusible at the same speed. The fusing point and consequent speed of operation varies with different alloys. If the material is slowly will not clear the nozzle and will give infinite trouble. Therefore, the speed of the wire feeding mechanism must be adjustable, but when adjusted must be capable of maintaining a uniform rate of operation. In the present instance a constant speed motor, preferably of the synchronous type, is employed to drive double cone feeding rolls always at the same speed. The variation of wire feedingspeed is effected by relative adjustment of the point of wire engagement axially of the cooperating cones to zones of different peripheral travel.
  • the apparatus comprises generally an electric drivingmotor i including a speed reduction head iA mounted upon a recessed base or support 2 containing the several air and gas supply connections and safety devices, and theme end of which is connected the'housing 3 for the wire feeding mechanism which is driven from the motor I, by suitable speed reduction gear train' including gears within an intermediate gear housing 4.
  • a-barrel or sleeve 5 Extending from the wire feeding mechanism housing-3 in a direction at right angles to the axis of the motor I and wire feeding devices, is a-barrel or sleeve 5 carrying at its extremity the nozzle unit 6.
  • the entire assembly is preferably pivotally mounted on a suitable stand or pedestal for universal adjustment to enable the nozzle to be variously directed to the work.
  • the nozzle unit comprises a series of concentric tapered members having therebetween the various air and gas passages and .a central wire passage.
  • the exterior shell or housing I includes a head portion 8 adapted for attachment to the end of the barrel or sleeve 5 and having therethrough in difierentquarter-spaced positions inlet ports for air, acetylene gas, oxygen gas, and a third gas as before mentioned.
  • the peripheral wall of the shell 'or housing member I is externally screw threaded to receive an adjustable air cap collar 9 with which is connected an air cap or nozzle tip in.
  • the air cap I0 is 'of a generally conical shape having peripheralradiating fins and a tapered bore terminating in a concentric outlet.
  • the resulting body of fused metal is entrained within the carrier air blast from the annular passage
  • the air cap is axially adjustable upon the housing 1 by rotation of its screw threaded mounting collar 9 to thereby vary the size and capacity of the tapered primary air passage ll 7 intermediate the cap and secondary air nozzle.
  • This peripheral air chamber I5 is interrupted by a plurality of spaced peripheral flanges l8 upon the secondary air nozzle it which form a. series of bailies having therein relatively staggered ports l3 through which the air supply must pass from one portion of the chamber to another.
  • These bypass ports iii are not only offset radially, and some inclined to the axis of the nozzle, but they are also circumferentially ofiset relative to each other.
  • auxiliary air chamber 22 which communicates with the air mixing chamber l5 through the stock wire in its advancement through theradial meteringports 23.
  • the material nozzle 26 is likewise tapered, at its forwardend and at the rear of the taper is There may be of cylindrical form to agree with the boreof the .fuel gas nozzle member 20, within the tapered ,extremity of the The periphery of portion of which the tapered material nozzle firmly abuts.
  • the material nozzle is providedwith circumfer entially spaced longitudinal grooves 28 communieating with the enlarged rearward portion 29 of the bore 'of the gas nozzle 20 which serves as a receiving and distributing chamber for the fuel gases which are discharged thence through the spaced jet passages 28 to the fusing chamber l2 where they are consumed.
  • the metal and gas nozzles 20 and 26 are preferably, although not necessarily, made of copper. .
  • the fuel gases are supplied through conduits leading from the sources of supply and passing beneath the base 2 and thence through the wire feeding mechanism housing 3 andbarrel 5 to ports 30 and 3
  • the acetylene gas port 30 is connected by a-transverse passage 32 extending through the body of the nozzle housing with the oxygen supply port 3! at the opposite side of the nozzle. Intersecting this acetylene passage 32 is a regulatory or metering valve comprising a screw stud 33 having a tapered extremity coacting with a corresponding tapered seat 34 in the passage to vary the capacity of such passage andso control the flow of the acetylene gas supply.
  • the stream of acetylene gas flowing from the bore 31 of the regulating valve is entirely surrounded by a body of oxygen gas flowing between the tapered end of the valve stud 35 and its seat 35.
  • the specific gravity of the respective ases varies greatly, the acetylene gas being much heavier than the oxygen.
  • the inflow of oxygen under break the component gases up and force them into intimate relation by violent agitation.-
  • a ring 39 surrounding in slightly spaced relation the mounting spud and wire guide having a V-shaped peripheral groove forming an annular passage contiguous to the wall of the chamber 25 inwhich the gases may flow in a circuitous path, with more or less rotary motion.
  • the gases entering such annular space in a plurality of corresponding tangential directions acquires a rapid whirl- 7 lesser number may be ing motion therein.
  • the mounting and wire guide spud 21 is provided with an annularseries of distributing passages 43, leading from the inner annular passage 4
  • the metal stock in continuous wire form is advanced from the wire feeding mechanism at a uniform rate of speed commensurate with the character of the material through the barrel 5 and thence through the projecting guide tube 21 and the continuing bore of the innermost nozzle member 20 to the melting chamber 12 where it is acted upon by the gas flame supplied with an intermixture of fuel gas from the jetpassages 28 and acted upon by air from the secondary air jets 2
  • variable wire feeding means including a pair of reversely arranged coacting conical feeding rollers 44 and 45, preferably having hardened and knurled surfaces of approximately forty-five degrees taper.
  • driving roller 44 is fixedly mounted on the rotary shaft 46 journaled in suitable bearings 41 within the housing.
  • the shaft 46 projects beyond the housing 3 into the gear housing 4 where it car.- ries a gear wheel 48 meshing with a gear pinion 49 upon the power shaft of the driving motor I which is actuated through a suitable speed re-' duction train.
  • the driving cone 44 is positively rotated at a slow constant rate of speed.
  • the rotary cone ordinarily possesses a peripheral speed ranging from thirty-five inches per minute at the smaller end to approximately one hundred inches per minute at the larger end, without changing the motor speed or the ratio of intermediate driving connections.
  • Such speeds are here stated merely for illustrative purposes and not with intent to unduly limit the invention.
  • the feeding rate is determined by the character of the material and that of work to be produced.
  • one set of bearings of the cone roller shafts is carried by removably attached to the side of the mechanism housing 3.
  • the idler cone roller is subjected to the axial pressure of a movable thrust collar or plate 52.
  • the thrust plate 52 is provided with spaced lugs 53 connected by an oscillatory yoke 54 with a rock shaft 55 projecting through the top of the housing wall.
  • a spring lever 56 carried by the shaft, is engageable in different. radial positions with a notched locking segment 51 'on the top of the housing.
  • the thrust of the idler cone 45 is thus yieldingly resisted by the spring lever 56, against the tension of which the cone may yield axially to accommodate between the cones wire portions of slightly varying thickness.
  • the idler cone may be axially shifted relative to the drive cone to adapt the apparatus to feeding wire stock of different diameters.
  • the wire feeding speed is varied by-shifting the justable wire guide 58 is carried by a reciprocatory rack 59 suitably mounted in inclined guides 60.
  • the rack carrying the wire lead is reciprocated by a gear pinion Bl rotated by a knob or handle 80 exteriorly of the housing 3.
  • the several conduits is further provided with a' second spring actuated cut-off valve 1
  • the spring actuated valves are interconnected for unison operation by a common rock shaft 12, provided with a rock arm 13 connected to the'side bf the mounting base 2 by a, retractile spring 14, which is normally'under tension tending to rock the shaft 12 to close the several valves H.
  • the cut-off valves are held in open condition against the tension of the spring 14 by a substantially U-shaped hand lever 15 pivoted at 15A to the under side of the base.2 with its hand grip por-
  • the hand lever is connected with the rock arm 13 by a short link I6, the pivotal connection of which is ordinarily slightly beyond dead center relation with its connection with the rock arm and so resists the retractive influence of the spring.
  • a cone or funnel-shaped extension is provided upon the guidetube 21 within the sleeve 7 or barrel by which the end of the wire is guided that there is thus provided a device of the charto the nozzle bore in setting the machine for operation.
  • a door I8 is hinged to the under side of the barrel and secured in closed position by a clamp arm 19.
  • the method of spraying molten material which comprises progressively feeding the material to be molten into a melting zone, and surrounding said melting zone with a carrier stream comprising a mixture of air and combustible gas.
  • the -method of spraying molten material which comprises feeding the material to be molten to a melting zone, surrounding said melting zone with a carrier stream of air, and introstream.
  • The. method of spraying molten -material which comprises feeding the material to be molten to a melting zone, surrounding said melting zone with a carrier stream of air, and introducing into said carrier air stream a gas for regu-.
  • the combination with material feeding and air and gas supply means, of a nozzle structure including a central passage for material to be melted, air and gas passages around the material passage through which fuel gas and air are discharged in a combustible mixture, a passage for simultaneously supplying a carrier stream of air additional to that supplied for combustion purposes, andm'eans for introducing a gas into the said carrier air stream.
  • the combination with material feeding and air i supply means, of a nozzle structure including a passage for material to be fused, and fuel and combustion-supporting gaspassages to afford a combustible mixture to the fusing zone, an air passage for a carrier stream of air discharging in proximity to the fusing zone, and means for p intermixing an oxygen neutralizing gas with the air supplied to said carrier stream passage.
  • the combination with material feeding and air supply means of a nozzle strueture'including a passage for material to be fused, and fuel andcombustion supporting gas passages to afiord a combustible mixture to the fusing zone, an air chamber, a discharge passage therefrom for discharging a carrier stream of air past the fusing zone, means for supplying a neutralizing gas to the air chamber simultaneously with the air supply. thereto, and baflles therein for eifecting intermixture of the air and gas prior to their discharge through said passage.
  • asubstantially closed melting chamber having a restricted discharge orifice means. for supplying a fluid combustible to the chamber under pressure, ineansfor feeding the material to be melted into the melting chamber, means for surrounding the molten material therein with a continuous tubular envelope of air under pressure for conveying the molten material out of the melting chamber through the said orifice to the place of' deposit, and means for introducing a combustible gas into the envelope air.
  • apparatus for spraying'molten material the combination of a substantially closed melting chamber having a restricted discharge oriflee, heating means at the opposite side of the chamber from the orifice for forming a melting zone therein, means for feeding the material to be melted into the said melting zone, and means for directing a tubular stream of gas at an angle against the wall of the melting chamber for flow thereover and out of the restricted orifice for drawing the melted material from the melting 20 the place of deposit. 15.
  • apparatus'for spraying molten material the combination of a substantially closed melting chamber having a restricted discharge oriflee, heating means at the opposite side of the chamber from the orifice for forming a melting zone therein, means for feeding the material to be melted into the said melting zone, and means for directing a tubular stream of gas at an angle against the wall of the melting chamber for flow thereover and out of the restricted orifice for drawing the melted material from the melting 20 the place of deposit. 15.
  • apparatus'for spraying molten material the combination of a substantially closed melting
  • a nozzle st :ucture comprising a plurality of concentric members having intermediate converging air and" gas passages therebetween, and a central passage for the material to be melted, a mixing chamber within the nozzle structure communicating with certain of 40 said passages, and means for creating a turbulence of the fluid flowing through said mixing chamber.
  • the combination with material feeding and fuel and combustion-supporting gas supply means of a nozzle structure having a passage for the material to be melted, a mixing chamber in the nozzle structure, a member therein having a plurality oi converging passages, means for separately supplying the fuel and combustion-supporting gas to the mixing chamber for thorough mixing inthe passages of the member, and means for supplying the mixed combustible to the nozzle for,
  • a material feeding device including a pair of cooperating reversely disposed conical feeding rollers, driving means for one of said rollers, the other roller being mounted for idle rotation, at least one of said rollers being axially recip'rocatory relative to the other, and material guiding means adjustable in a plane substantially common with the contiguous faces of the coasting conical rollers adapted by its adjustment to guide the material into different feeding planes of rotation.
  • the combination of material feeding means including a. pair of conical rollers of corresponding taper arranged in reverse relation between which the material is passed, means -for transmitting rotative motion thereto, and guiding means for the material adapted to axially vary the plane of rotation in which the material is engaged by the conical rollers and thereby vary the speed with which the material is ad- PURLING A. summing.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
US756076A 1934-12-05 1934-12-05 Apparatus for and method of spraying molten metal Expired - Lifetime US2092150A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE412629D BE412629A (enMihai) 1934-12-05
NL45233D NL45233C (enMihai) 1934-12-05
US756076A US2092150A (en) 1934-12-05 1934-12-05 Apparatus for and method of spraying molten metal
GB33525/35A GB466782A (en) 1934-12-05 1935-12-03 Apparatus for and method of spraying molten metal
FR800941D FR800941A (fr) 1934-12-05 1935-12-05 Perfectionnements à la méthode et aux appareils pour la métallisation par projection

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US756076A US2092150A (en) 1934-12-05 1934-12-05 Apparatus for and method of spraying molten metal

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US2092150A true US2092150A (en) 1937-09-07

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US (1) US2092150A (enMihai)
BE (1) BE412629A (enMihai)
FR (1) FR800941A (enMihai)
GB (1) GB466782A (enMihai)
NL (1) NL45233C (enMihai)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2423490A (en) * 1944-05-20 1947-07-08 Erhardt Richard Metal spraying method
US2784029A (en) * 1953-02-19 1957-03-05 Martin Von Schulthess & Co Method and apparatus for spraying metal
US2864137A (en) * 1952-10-25 1958-12-16 Helen E Brennan Apparatus and method for producing metal strip
US3073720A (en) * 1960-03-23 1963-01-15 Gen Electric Method of protecting metal from corrosion
US3552622A (en) * 1968-09-24 1971-01-05 Strake Maschf Nv Device for drawing a thread for a thread package
US3775156A (en) * 1970-06-20 1973-11-27 Vandervell Products Ltd Method of forming composite metal strip
US4568019A (en) * 1984-02-24 1986-02-04 Browning James A Internal burner type flame spray method and apparatus having material introduction into an overexpanded gas stream
US4579282A (en) * 1981-12-28 1986-04-01 Stani Vyzkumny Ustav Ochrany Materialu G.V. Akimova Gas burner for wire fed metal-spraying pistol
EP2243556A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-27 Sulzer Metco (US) Inc. An improved intrinsically safe valve for a combustion spray gun and a method of operation
WO2011095315A1 (de) * 2010-02-04 2011-08-11 Holma Ag Düse für einen flüssigkeitsgekühlten plasma - schneidbrenner mit nuten
US20150182989A1 (en) * 2009-01-14 2015-07-02 Resodyn Corporation Flameless thermal spray system using flame heat source
US9114475B2 (en) 2012-03-15 2015-08-25 Holma Ag Plasma electrode for a plasma cutting device
US12215429B2 (en) * 2018-06-25 2025-02-04 Rawwater Applied Technology Limited Method of sealing a surface and device therefor

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2423490A (en) * 1944-05-20 1947-07-08 Erhardt Richard Metal spraying method
US2864137A (en) * 1952-10-25 1958-12-16 Helen E Brennan Apparatus and method for producing metal strip
US2784029A (en) * 1953-02-19 1957-03-05 Martin Von Schulthess & Co Method and apparatus for spraying metal
US3073720A (en) * 1960-03-23 1963-01-15 Gen Electric Method of protecting metal from corrosion
US3552622A (en) * 1968-09-24 1971-01-05 Strake Maschf Nv Device for drawing a thread for a thread package
US3775156A (en) * 1970-06-20 1973-11-27 Vandervell Products Ltd Method of forming composite metal strip
US4579282A (en) * 1981-12-28 1986-04-01 Stani Vyzkumny Ustav Ochrany Materialu G.V. Akimova Gas burner for wire fed metal-spraying pistol
US4568019A (en) * 1984-02-24 1986-02-04 Browning James A Internal burner type flame spray method and apparatus having material introduction into an overexpanded gas stream
US20150182989A1 (en) * 2009-01-14 2015-07-02 Resodyn Corporation Flameless thermal spray system using flame heat source
US9533318B2 (en) 2009-01-14 2017-01-03 Resodyn Corporation Flameless thermal spray system using flame heat source
AU2010201563B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2014-09-18 Sulzer Metco (Us) Inc An improved intrinsically safe valve for a combustion spray gun and a method of operation
CN101979699B (zh) * 2009-04-22 2014-12-31 苏舍美特科（美国）公司 用于燃烧喷枪的改进的本质安全阀及操作方法
CN101979699A (zh) * 2009-04-22 2011-02-23 苏舍美特科（美国）公司 用于燃烧喷枪的改进的本质安全阀及操作方法
KR20100116532A (ko) * 2009-04-22 2010-11-01 슐저메트코(유에스)아이엔씨 개량된 용사건용 안전 밸브 및 그 작동 방법
US8109447B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2012-02-07 Sulzer Metco (Us) Inc. Intrinsically safe valve for a combustion spray gun and a method of operation
US20100270387A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Sulzer Metco (Us) Inc. Intrinsically safe valve for a combustion spray gun and a method of operation
AU2010201563A8 (en) * 2009-04-22 2014-10-02 Sulzer Metco (Us) Inc An improved intrinsically safe valve for a combustion spray gun and a method of operation
JP2010255117A (ja) * 2009-04-22 2010-11-11 Sulzer Metco Us Inc 燃焼溶射ガンのための改良された本質的に安全なバルブおよび動作方法
EP2243556A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-27 Sulzer Metco (US) Inc. An improved intrinsically safe valve for a combustion spray gun and a method of operation
US9095037B2 (en) 2010-02-04 2015-07-28 Holma Ag Nozzle for a liquid-cooled plasma cutting torch with grooves
WO2011095315A1 (de) * 2010-02-04 2011-08-11 Holma Ag Düse für einen flüssigkeitsgekühlten plasma - schneidbrenner mit nuten
US9114475B2 (en) 2012-03-15 2015-08-25 Holma Ag Plasma electrode for a plasma cutting device
US12215429B2 (en) * 2018-06-25 2025-02-04 Rawwater Applied Technology Limited Method of sealing a surface and device therefor
US20250115985A1 (en) * 2018-06-25 2025-04-10 Rawwater Applied Technology Limited Method of sealing a surface and device therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR800941A (fr) 1936-07-22
GB466782A (en) 1937-06-03
BE412629A (enMihai)
NL45233C (enMihai)

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