US2091017A - Tool alloy - Google Patents
Tool alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2091017A US2091017A US625042A US62504232A US2091017A US 2091017 A US2091017 A US 2091017A US 625042 A US625042 A US 625042A US 62504232 A US62504232 A US 62504232A US 2091017 A US2091017 A US 2091017A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carbide
- tungsten
- molybdenum
- hardness
- tool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 18
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 7
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- OAXLZNWUNMCZSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanidylidynetungsten Chemical compound [W]#[C-] OAXLZNWUNMCZSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQIQSTLJSLGHID-WNWIJWBNSA-N aflatoxin B1 Chemical compound C=1([C@@H]2C=CO[C@@H]2OC=1C=C(C1=2)OC)C=2OC(=O)C2=C1CCC2=O OQIQSTLJSLGHID-WNWIJWBNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
Definitions
- This invention relates to a tool alloy and forms a continuation in part of my co-pending application Serial No. 452,132 filed May 13, 1930, for Production of hard metal alloys.
- the present invention consists in a tool alloy comprising a sintered product containing at least two carbides of tungsten, molybdenum, boron, silicon, titanium, zirconium, and vanadium which are obtained entirely in the form of mixed crystals by heating to a suflicient extent and the "usual addition amounting to about 3 to 20% of one or more metals such as nickel, cobalt and chromium.
- the mixed crystal is a homogeneous solid solution and consequently the product obtained is entirely different from the fritted products made by processes hitherto known.
- the hardness of the mixed crystals comprised of the two carbides of the said metals is a function of the proportion in which the said carbides are present in the mixed crystal, and this function possesses a maximum. It is particularly advantageous to choose for use in the present invention crystals which lie in, or close to, this region of maximum hardness. A few tests are suflicient for this purpose.
- any suitable known method may be used for the production of mixed crystals, more especially the carbides, e. g., of tungsten and molybdenum, can be suitably comminuted, mixed and heated up to 1,600 to 2,000 C. for about 1 to 2 hours until mixed crystals are formed, which latter are then mixed with the additional metal in powdered form, and the whole is moulded and sintered at a temperature of about 1,400 to 1,600" C.
- the carbides e. g., of tungsten and molybdenum
- oxides of, for example, molybdenum and tungsten in finely or very finely divided form with additionsof suitably pulverized carbon, for example, lamp black, and to heat the mixture to a sufficient extent in an electric furnace, whereby, in the example given, a mixed crystal of tungsten carbide and molybdenum carbide is obtained.
- the mixed crystals may also be obtained by mixing very finely divided tungsten and molybdenum metal powder and carburizing the mixture by heat treatment in carbon-containing gases.
- An electric furnace can be employed for effecting the heating and sintering; the sintering may also be carried out by means of high frequency currents. In some cases particularly good results are obtained by carrying out the heating or sintering in a vacuum.
- the carbides prepared according to the invention are extremely hard but require additions to increase the toughness of the alloy.
- use may be made of one or more of the auxiliary metals nickel, cobalt, chromium, either separately or in suitable admixture.
- Tool alloys prepared according to the invention are, as a rule, not used for the production of the entire tool, but merely for the part of the tool which in practice is used directly for cutting, drilling, etc., and which is subject to wear.
- Figure 2 a similar scale for compositions, containing WC, M020 and C0.
- Figs, 1 and 2 difier therein that in Fig. 1 (ii-tungsten carbide, and in Fig. 2 mono-tungsten carbide are used, beside (ii-molybdenum carbide and cobalt.
- the content of cobalt is held constant, while the ratios of tungsten carbide and molybdenum carbide, transformed into mixed crystals, are varied.
- Tool alloy consisting of about 50% to 70% tungsten mono-carbide (WC) and about 20% to 40% (ii-molybdenum carbide (MOzC) combined into mixed crystals of great hardness, and auxiliary metal taken from a group consisting of nickel, cobalt and iron, in substantial amounts, up to about 20%.
- WC tungsten mono-carbide
- MOzC ii-molybdenum carbide
- a sintered hard tool alloy consisting of about 0% to 9i% tungsten carbide, 3% to 40% molybdenum carbide, and 3% to 20% auxiliary metal, substantially taken from a group consisting of nickel, cobalt and iron.
- a sintered hard tool alloy consisting of 60% to 94% di-tungsten carbide, 3% to 20% (ii-molybdenum carbide and 3% to 20% auxiliary metal, substantially taken from the iron group.
- a sintered hard tool alloy consisting of about 40% to 82% tungsten mono-carbide, 15% to 40% di-molybdenum carbide and about 3% to 20% auxiliary metal, substantially taken from the iron group.
- a sintered hard tool alloy consisting of about 40% to 94% tungsten carbide, 3% to 40% molybdenum carbide and 3% to 20% auxiliary metal, substantially taken from the iron group, said-carbides heated to form substantially mixed crystals within the range of greatest hardness of such mixed crystals.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
Aug. 24, 1937. P. SCHWARZKOPF- 2,091,017
TOOL ALLOY.
Filed July 27, 1932 '(b) 4 r (c) Fig.1 30
increasin conten 1 v I i MOQC in K O 9 1o 18 20 2'! 3O dgcaeacsin o z a (s 90?: W 0, oznozc, 10% ca 102 3: t
.cons n (a) 81% w c,9% zc, 10% Co (1:) 72% W C, 18% mac, 10% c6 (e) sax-was, 27% M026, 10% co Maximurlof hardness appargntly at paint (a) composition 53 (c) 60 x Ya) I 1 :inttweass-iqngv content af M QC j decreaso I i i 86 l s ia nt 9 1o 18 2o 27 10% co (srgo we; 074M026 10% INVENTORY (AFBI we 9% Mb c, wzc F330 (b)=72% we, 18 M0 1; oz co y hwagho ()=63zwc, 272M0 6, 1'02; co W (d.)=54 zwr, 392M0 0, 10%co 1 ATTORNEYS.
apparently maxin'wum hardness at point (c) Patented Aug. 24, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,001,017 V TOOL ALLOY Application July 27, 1932, Serial No. 625,042
Germany May 16, 1929 5 Claims.
This invention relates to a tool alloy and forms a continuation in part of my co-pending application Serial No. 452,132 filed May 13, 1930, for Production of hard metal alloys.
It is known in the production of highly eificient hard tools to employ carbides of tungsten or molybdenum prepared by sintering these components, pulverizing the product and pressing the powder in moulds which are subsequently highly heated. It is also known to add an auxiliary metal to the carbide of tungsten or molybdenum and then to sinter the whole in order to obtain tool materials which, besides being extremely hard, are tough as well.
The present invention consists in a tool alloy comprising a sintered product containing at least two carbides of tungsten, molybdenum, boron, silicon, titanium, zirconium, and vanadium which are obtained entirely in the form of mixed crystals by heating to a suflicient extent and the "usual addition amounting to about 3 to 20% of one or more metals such as nickel, cobalt and chromium. The mixed crystal is a homogeneous solid solution and consequently the product obtained is entirely different from the fritted products made by processes hitherto known.
Experiments have shown that the hardness of the mixed crystals comprised of the two carbides of the said metals is a function of the proportion in which the said carbides are present in the mixed crystal, and this function possesses a maximum. It is particularly advantageous to choose for use in the present invention crystals which lie in, or close to, this region of maximum hardness. A few tests are suflicient for this purpose. Taking for instance MOzCWzC and Co increasing th amount of MOzC, decreasing the amount of W2C, adding always 10% Co; then (1) 90% W20 and 0% M02C and 10% Co gives a Rockwell hardness of 55; (2) 81% W20 and 9% M020 and 10% 00 gives a Rockwell hardness of 62; (3) 72% W20 and 18% MOzC and 10% Co gives a Rockell hardness of 57.5; while (4) with 63% W2C and 27% MOzC and 10% Co the material is brittle. By these few tests it is possible to ascertain the hardest mixed crystal of the respective series. This is clearly shown in the diagrammatic drawing attached hereto.
The most favorable results have been obtained with mixed crystals of the system MOzCWC. The maximum hardness is obtained with an alloy containing 63% of tungsten carbide (WC), 27% of molybdenum carbide and 10% of cobalt; this alloy has a hardness of 69 Rockwell (diamond load=150 kg.). Satisfactory results are obtained with alloys within the composition range: 50 to 70% tungsten carbide (WC), 40 to 20% molybdenum carbide and 10% additional metal. When the additional metal is cobalt the hardness varies between 65 to 69 Rockwell for the composition range given. By way of comparison it may be stated that the Rockwell hardness of an alloy containing tungsten mono-carbide and 10% cobalt is 60, whilst that of an alloy of 90% molybdenum carbide and 10% cobalt is 51.
Any suitable known method may be used for the production of mixed crystals, more especially the carbides, e. g., of tungsten and molybdenum, can be suitably comminuted, mixed and heated up to 1,600 to 2,000 C. for about 1 to 2 hours until mixed crystals are formed, which latter are then mixed with the additional metal in powdered form, and the whole is moulded and sintered at a temperature of about 1,400 to 1,600" C. It is also possible to mix oxides of, for example, molybdenum and tungsten in finely or very finely divided form with additionsof suitably pulverized carbon, for example, lamp black, and to heat the mixture to a sufficient extent in an electric furnace, whereby, in the example given, a mixed crystal of tungsten carbide and molybdenum carbide is obtained. However, the mixed crystals may also be obtained by mixing very finely divided tungsten and molybdenum metal powder and carburizing the mixture by heat treatment in carbon-containing gases.
Whatever be the procedure in the formation of the hardest mixed crystal in any case a body is obtained which is superior in hardness to tungsten or molybdenum alone or tungsten carbide or molybdenum carbide alone.
An electric furnace can be employed for effecting the heating and sintering; the sintering may also be carried out by means of high frequency currents. In some cases particularly good results are obtained by carrying out the heating or sintering in a vacuum.
The carbides prepared according to the invention are extremely hard but require additions to increase the toughness of the alloy. As such additions use may be made of one or more of the auxiliary metals nickel, cobalt, chromium, either separately or in suitable admixture.
Tool alloys prepared according to the invention are, as a rule, not used for the production of the entire tool, but merely for the part of the tool which in practice is used directly for cutting, drilling, etc., and which is subject to wear.
In the accompanying drawing is shown diagrammatically: in Figure 1 a scale of hardness for certain alloys containing mixed crystals of MozGWzC and Co, and
Figure 2 a similar scale for compositions, containing WC, M020 and C0. Obviously the showing of Figs, 1 and 2 difier therein that in Fig. 1 (ii-tungsten carbide, and in Fig. 2 mono-tungsten carbide are used, beside (ii-molybdenum carbide and cobalt. In both figures the content of cobalt is held constant, while the ratios of tungsten carbide and molybdenum carbide, transformed into mixed crystals, are varied.
I claim:
1. Tool alloy consisting of about 50% to 70% tungsten mono-carbide (WC) and about 20% to 40% (ii-molybdenum carbide (MOzC) combined into mixed crystals of great hardness, and auxiliary metal taken from a group consisting of nickel, cobalt and iron, in substantial amounts, up to about 20%.
2. A sintered hard tool alloy consisting of about 0% to 9i% tungsten carbide, 3% to 40% molybdenum carbide, and 3% to 20% auxiliary metal, substantially taken from a group consisting of nickel, cobalt and iron.
3. A sintered hard tool alloy consisting of 60% to 94% di-tungsten carbide, 3% to 20% (ii-molybdenum carbide and 3% to 20% auxiliary metal, substantially taken from the iron group.
4. A sintered hard tool alloy consisting of about 40% to 82% tungsten mono-carbide, 15% to 40% di-molybdenum carbide and about 3% to 20% auxiliary metal, substantially taken from the iron group.
5. A sintered hard tool alloy consisting of about 40% to 94% tungsten carbide, 3% to 40% molybdenum carbide and 3% to 20% auxiliary metal, substantially taken from the iron group, said-carbides heated to form substantially mixed crystals within the range of greatest hardness of such mixed crystals.
PAUL SCHWARZKOPF.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2091017X | 1929-05-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2091017A true US2091017A (en) | 1937-08-24 |
Family
ID=7984482
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US625042A Expired - Lifetime US2091017A (en) | 1929-05-16 | 1932-07-27 | Tool alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2091017A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3698055A (en) * | 1970-12-28 | 1972-10-17 | Crucible Inc | Heat resistant alloys of iron, cobalt and/or nickel and articles thereof |
| JPS4929210A (en) * | 1972-07-18 | 1974-03-15 | ||
| JPS4929209A (en) * | 1972-07-18 | 1974-03-15 | ||
| US4131450A (en) * | 1977-02-04 | 1978-12-26 | Mitsubishi Kinzoku Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for manufacturing cobalt-base reduced powder |
| US4716019A (en) * | 1987-06-04 | 1987-12-29 | Gte Products Corporation | Process for producing composite agglomerates of molybdenum and molybdenum carbide |
| WO2014057358A3 (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2014-06-05 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Low binder, wear resistant hard metal |
-
1932
- 1932-07-27 US US625042A patent/US2091017A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3698055A (en) * | 1970-12-28 | 1972-10-17 | Crucible Inc | Heat resistant alloys of iron, cobalt and/or nickel and articles thereof |
| JPS4929210A (en) * | 1972-07-18 | 1974-03-15 | ||
| JPS4929209A (en) * | 1972-07-18 | 1974-03-15 | ||
| US4131450A (en) * | 1977-02-04 | 1978-12-26 | Mitsubishi Kinzoku Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for manufacturing cobalt-base reduced powder |
| US4716019A (en) * | 1987-06-04 | 1987-12-29 | Gte Products Corporation | Process for producing composite agglomerates of molybdenum and molybdenum carbide |
| WO2014057358A3 (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2014-06-05 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Low binder, wear resistant hard metal |
| US9624417B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 | 2017-04-18 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Low binder, wear resistant hard metal |
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