US2089757A

US2089757A - Drawing apparatus

Info

Publication number: US2089757A
Application number: US73778A
Authority: US
Inventors: Nieuwkamp Jan
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1935-10-04
Filing date: 1936-04-10
Publication date: 1937-08-10
Anticipated expiration: 1954-08-10
Also published as: GB453405A; NL42662C; DE668315C; FR802990A

Description

Aug. 10, 1937. J. NIEUWKAMP DRAWING APPARATUS Filed April 1o, 193e;y

3 Sheets-Sheet l FIGJ @j me@ @hw y WW/M5 I Aug l0, 1937. J. NIEUWKAMP DRAWING APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April l0, 1956 l] 34 sa) la la H7 2?/ Iksa "nas Q my Q QWQHQQQ Q Q Q Q Q @@QQ Q Q J. NIEUWKAMP DRAWING APPARATUS Aug. 10, 193 7.

Filed April l0, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIC-M2 Patented Aug. 10, 1937 sAlTENT OFFICE DRAWING APPARATUS .lan Nieuwkamp, Probolinggo, Java, Dutch East Indies Application April10, 1936i,l Serial No. '73,778 In the Netherlands ctober`4,` 1935 9 Claims.

This invention relates to a drawing apparatus consisting of a drawing board with one or more T squares or rule-s movable parallel to themselves over the board.

Drawing appliances are known in which a vertioal rule is provided adapted to be moved parallel to itself and connected to a horizontal rule, and the latter is itself arranged to move parallel to itself in a vertical guide attached to the board. To enable the rules to be more accurately adjusted verniers have sometimes been used. The disadvantages oi this is that the rules have to be adjusted by the eye, which if carried on Y for a long time becomes very fatiguing and takes up a comparatively large amount of time, particularly when great accuracy (obtained by means of the Vernier) is necessary.

The object of the present invention is to overcome this disadvantage and to make the adjustment not only visible but also capable of being felt. According to the present invention the drawing board is provided with one or more straight guides each `of which has a longitudinal row of holes, notches or sto-ps at distances apart corresponding to the usual unit of length (e. g. one centimetre or one inch), while each rule is coupled to a slide which for its parallel movement can be caused to coi-operate with lone or the other of the straight guides and has a row of movable pins, stops or the like, the distance apart of which is a whole multiple of the particular unit of length minus a fractional part thereof (e. g. 0.9 of 1.9 centimetres, or 7/8ths, or one and 'VSths of an inch) These pins or the like can each .be introduced into one of the holes or the like in the corresponding guide for the purpose of adjusting the rule.

By means of this arrangement the rule can be adjusted in -any position which corresponds to a scale division on the scale provided. If a millimetre scale be used for example the rule can be secured in positions 1 millimetre apart. To enable the rule to be set in intermediate positions also, a micrometer screw may be used by means of which the rule can be moved relatively to the attached slide within a range of at least 1 millimetre. The guide however, may also be made longitudinally movable relatively to the board by means `of a ymicrometer screw.

A rule with lozenge-shaped holes for example, all spaced apart longitudinally of the rule, 1 mm.

or some other fractional part of the unit of length is very useful. These holes are intended to be so`dimensioned that the point of a pencil just' go through them.

(crea-76) y Drawing on paper oi small size can be further facilitated by providing the drawing board with a small sunk turntable on which the drawing paper can Ibe stretched, for example pasted, and by means of which theffpaper can be rotated in the drawing,fplane.in anydesired direction. In such case only one rule Iand a single guide need be' used.

It is obvious that the guide for one of the rules Imay again be used itself as a rule which will then (so-operate `by means of a slide with a secondA 4gilidein the manner above described.

The slide of they rule may be provided with two or more rows of movable pins, stops or the like, the pins of one row being staggered with regard tothe pins'in the other row or rows and at` a distance which amounts to the half, a third, a' fourthv etc. of the distance between Ytwo scale divisions e.'g. of a millimetre, according as two, three, four etc. rows are provided.

In th'accompanying drawings,

Fig. l is a plan View of a drawing apparatus according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is afront view of this apparatus'.

Fig. 3 is a plan View, on a larger scale, of a rule slide with movable pins and micrometer screw.

Fig. 4 is a section on the line IV-IV of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a section on the line V-V of Fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of a differently constructed rule slide and of a movable guide bar .with iine adjustment.

Fig. `7 is a cross section on the line VII--VII of Fig. 6.

Fig.v 8 is another constructional form of the rule slide with a specially large pitch of the pms.

Fig. 9 is a section 4on the line IX--IX of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 shows a portion of a rule with lozenge shaped holes.

Figjll' is a diagram of a rule slide with two rows of pins arranged in staggered relationship to one another.

Fig. 12 is a plan view of another constructional form of a simple drawing apparatus according to the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a section, onan enlarged scale, on the line XIII-XIII of Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 sho-ws a pin with a bayonet joint.

Fig. 15 shows a detail of the apparatus shown in. Fig. 12, and

Fig.' 16 shows an arrangement for indicating angular or straight Yline movements of the horizontal or vertical rule.

In Figs. 1 to 5, I is a drawing board, 2 a hori.

zontal rule which is movable parallel to itself by means of a slide 3 in a guide groove 4 in the board I. At the lower edge of the board I there is a similar guide groove 5 at right angles to the groove 4. The rule can therefore be placed either vertically (see the position indicated by' dot and dash lines) or horizontally on the board.

In the bottoms of the

grooves

4 and 5 are ioles 6 at regular distances apart, say for eX- ample 1 cm. In the rule slide 3 there are eleven bore holes 'l which correspond in size to the holes but are separated from one another by regular distances of only 0.9 cm. Movable in the holes 1 with the least possible amount of clearance are pins 8, which can be pressed down into the holes 6 against the action of springs 9. As the distance between adjacent pins is less by 1 mm. than that between the holes 6, only one of the pins 8 can enter one of the holes 6 at a time. As in a Vernier therefore the rule can be adjusted with an accuracy of 1 mm. by means of the pins 8 and the holes 6. When adjustment is made by means of a Vernier a certain amount of inaccuracy has always to be reckoned with, whereas with the pins 8 and the holes 6 the position of the rule at the particular moment can be Xed with the utmost accuracy. Each pin B has a longitudinal groove I in it into which a pin II rigidly secured in the slide 3 projects.

An accuracy of a millimetre is in manycases not suiiicient. For a ner adjustment therefore the rule 2 is adjustable relatively to the slide 3 by means of a micrometer screw adjusting device I2. For this purpose the rule 2 and the slide engage in each other by means of grooves I3 parallel with the guide i and keys I4, and there is provided on the slide a small block I acting as a bearing for a screw I'I, which co-operates with a nut I 6 mounted on the rule and can be rotated by means of a lever I8. A spring I9 takes up any clearance of the screw in its nut. The pitch of the screw is 2 mm. If therefore, the lever i0 be turned through an angle of 180, the rule will be moved one millimetre relatively to its slide. The lever I8 has a spring pawl 20 movable over a segment, which embraces 180 and is provided with notches arranged at angular distances of 18 each. The micrometer screw device increases therefore the accuracy of the adjustment of the rule to 0.1 mm.

It is obvious that the English system of measurement may also be used, in which case the pitch of the holes 5 will be 1/2 for example, While that of the pins may be ths of an inch. The micrometer screw may then be made with a pitch of 1/th of an inch and the segment may have notches in it at angular distances of 221/2 each or lll/4 each whereby an accuracy of 1/128th of an inch or l/256th of an inch can be obtained.

For smaller drawings the board I may be provided with a turntable 22 which is sunk therein and on which the paper can be stretched. The turntable 22 can be locked or released by means of an excentric clamp 23a, and a lever 23'. When the turntable is released, the rule 2 will be simultaneously slightly raised by a yoke 25 connected by means of the rod 24 to the lever 23, 'so that the paper can be freelyrotated. It is then not necessary' to move the rule over every time from the horizontal into the vertical position; all that is needed is to turn the drawing paper through an angle of 90. This arrangement makes it possible to draw more quickly than whenthe ruler has always to be removed from the groove 4 `and placed in the groove 5 or vice versa.. Y f

In the corners of the board I are provided plugs 26 to which the paper can be attached by means of an adhesive, so that no drawing pins need be used. The turntable 22 may also be provided with such plugs 26.

In the constructional form shown in Figs. 6 and '7 the slide 3 provided with pins 8 moves over a rod 21 of circular cross-section in which holes or depressions 6 are formed. This rod 27, which is mounted at one end in a small block 28 and is supported at its other end in a support 29 secured to the board, can be moved longitudinally by means of a micrometer screw B working in the block 28.

A spring 3| holds the rod 2l' up against the screw 3U and keeps this latter pressed up against the internal screw thread while it also prevents the bar from rotating. The screw 30 can be rotated by means of a lever I8 which co-operates by means of a spring pawl with the segment 2I. The small block 28 has a conical pivot pin 32, which ts into a corresponding hole in the board. The whole apparatus, that is to say the guide rod 2l' with the slide 3 and the rule 2 can therefore be attached to the board in a very simple manner provided that this latter be provided with the corresponding number of holes and supports 29, both in a vertical and a horizontal direction.

In the constructional form shown in Figs. 6`

and '7 the rule 2 and the slide 3 can be very simply provided with a shading or hatching device. For this purpose the rule 2 is attached for example to the slide 3 so as to be movable transversely thereto and is provided with a set screw whereby the rule is either locked to the slide or an amount of play is provided between the two corresponding to the distance between the lines of the shading. Alternatively, a small block which rests on the board and fits into a slot in; the slide with a certain amount of longitudinal play therein can be provided, in which case the slide and the rule can be rigidly connected to one another.

The slide 3 shown in Figs. 8 and 9 is provided with ten pins 8 which are distant from each other a greater distance (e. g. 1.9 om.) than those in the above described constructional forms. Its guide 3d itself forms a rule, for which a second straight line guide (not shown), attached to the board is provided. The slide (not shown) between the guide 34 which is constructed to act as a rule and the second guide may also be provided with a micrometer screw for the iine adjustment. The rule 2 is pivoted by means of a screw 35 and a nut 36 to a plate 3l, which is adjustably connected to the slide 3 by means of a micrometer screw arrangement I2 and a dovetail connection I3, I4. This slide is connected by a dovetail connection to the guide or rule 3d.

The rule 2 may be made of transparent material and constructed as shown in Fig. 10. In this gure the ruler is provided over its whole. length with transverse rows of lozenge shaped holes 39 which are ,of such dimensions that they will just allow the point of a pencil to pass through them. The lozenge shape is very favourable for the purpose of centering the pencil. By means of this arrangement it is possible to draw parallel lines when the rule 2 and the slide 3 are moved along a straight guide (il, 5, 34). The distance apart (measured longitudinally of the rule) of the holes 39 in the Vsame transverse c row is 1 mm. so that parallel lines 1 millimetre apart can be drawn. `The rule may again be pivotally attachedto its plate (31) and be provided with a protractor or transporter 4|) by means of which it can be set to diierent angles.-

If it is desired not to use a micrometer screw arrangement and yet secure increased accuracy of adjustment, the rule slide may be provided with two 'or more rows of pins and the pins in one row may be staggered relatively to the pins in the `other row by a fractional part of a millimetre. If two `or three rows of pins are used ('see Fig. ll) these must `be staggered by half a millimetre and one third of a millimetro respectively. The holes 6 of the two rows in the guide must however then lie exactly opposite each other. It is obvious that on the other hand the holes in the rows may be staggered-and the pins be arranged exactly opposite each other.

Instead of holes 6 grooves may also be provided in the guide and may run either at right angles to or longitudinally of the guide or at an angle thereto. l

A particularly simple and convenient drawing apparatus is shown in Fig. l2. On the board lies the usual parallel movable rule 4|, which is provided longitudinally with a comparativey wide dovetail groove 42 y(see Fig. 13). At the bottom of this groove are drilled holes 43 at equal distances from one another, say l om. for example, and tting in theseV holes are metal bushes 44 each having a conical hole. In the groove 42 works a comparatively

short slide

45, 30 to 40 cm. long for example, which acts itself as a guide for a rule slide 46. The latter is constructed and co-operates with the slide 45 in the manner already described. The slide 45 has a conical pin 41 which is adapted to `iit into each of the conical bushings 44 and can be pressed downwards by means of a spring 48 (see Fig. Under normal conditions the slide 45 is therefore connected to the rule 4| by the pin 41. If it be desired to draw at another place on the board, this connection is released by a bar 49 (see Fig. 15) which remains parallel to itself and which can be pressed downwards by the thumb. When the bar 49 is thus pressed downwards the pin 41 is withdrawn from the bush 44 by means of a lever 56 provided with rollers 5|, 52.

Each 'pin 53 of the slide 46 is pro-vided with a T groove 54 (see Fig. 14) into which a stationary pin 53a. on the slide 46 enters, so that it can .be

'secured in its lowermost position whenturned slightly.

The vertical rule -2 Vis connected pivotally to the vslide 46 by a pin 55, which runs parallel with the `drawing surface and forms both with the hhorizontal rule 4| and the vertical rule 2 an angle of 45. If Ait be desired to use the whole length of the rule 4|, all that is to turn the rule 2 round on the pin 45 whereby it will be brought over the rule 4| and parallel therewith and is consequently no longer in the way.

The rule 2 is provided at its free end with an arrangement 56 (see Figs. l2 and 16) which indicates the parallel or angular movements of this end. For this purpose this arrangement has a small wheel 51 which rolls over the paper and rotates about a pin 58 parallel with the rule 2. The movements of this wheel 51 are magniiied by suitable gearing and transmitted to a pointer 58a. which indicates the magnitude of the particular movement in millimetres and in degrees on a dial which is situated on the top of the casing 59 of the arrangement 56. The length of the rule 2 between its fulcrum 36 and the Wheel 51 is so selected for example that a parallel movement of one millimetre corresponds to an angular movement of the pointer of 1.

In order that the horizontal rule 42 can be accurately adjusted by the slide 46, the said slide is coupled to a string attached to the board at 6| and 62 and is guided over

rollers

63, 64 on the rule 4| and passed through a small block 65 on the slide 46. By `means of a shaft 66 mounted in the block 65, and carrying an excentric clamp 61 and a handle 68, the string can be -rmly connected with the block 65 and therefore with the slide 46. If the slide 46 be then moved to and fro, the ruler 4| will move up and down.

The arrangements shown in Figs. 12 to 16 may of course be used also with the constructional forms previously described.

What I claim isz- 1. Drawing apparatus comprising in combination, a drawing board, a rule movable over the board in parallel relation with itself, guide means associated with the board, a longitudinal row of recesses provided in the guide means at equal distances apart corresponding to a conventional unit of length, a slide coupled to said rule and adapted to be brought into cooperation with said guide means, and movable projecting members provided in said slide and equally spaced apart a whole number of the said units of length minus a fractional part thereof, each of said projecting members being adapted to engage With any one of the recesses in said guide means so as to thereby fix the position of the rule in relation to the drawing board.

2. Drawing apparatus comprising in combination, a drawing board, a rule movable over the board in parallel relation with itself, a straight guide associated with the board, a longitudinal row of recesses provided in the straight guide at equal distances apart corresponding to a conventional unit of length, a slide movably and adjustably coupled to said rule an-d adapted to be brought into cooperation with said straight guide, movable projecting members provided in said slide at equal distances apart corresponding to' a Whole number of said units of length minus a fractional `part thereof, each of said members being adapted to engage with any one of the recesses in the straight guide so as to thereby x `the position of the rule in relation to the board,

and a micrometer screw for transversely displacing and adjusting said rule with relation to the slide through a distance which corresponds at least to the said fractional part.

3. Drawing apparatus comprising in combination, a drawing board, a rule movable over the board in parallel relation with itself, a straight guide movably associated with the board, a longitudinal row of recesses provided in the straight guide at equal distances apart corresponding to a conventional unit of length, a slide coupled to said rule and adapted to be brought into cooperation with said straight guide, movable projecting members provided in said slide, at equal distances apart corresponding to a whole number of said units of length minus a fractional part thereof, each of said members being adapted to engage with any one of the recesses in the straight guide so as to thereby x the position of the rule in relation to the board, and a micrometer screw for longitudinally displacing and adjusting said straight guide with relation to the drawing board through a distance at least equal to the said fractional part.

4. Drawing apparatus comprising in combination, a drawing board, a rule movable over the board in parallel relation with itself, two straight guides, of which the rst is associated with the board and the second is constructed itself as a rule, a longitudinal row of recesses provided in each of the straight guides at equal distances apart corresponding to a conventionaly unit of length, two slides, of which the one is coupled to the rule and adapted to be brought into cooperation with the said second straight guide, and the other is coupled to the said second straight guide and adapted to be brought into cooperation with the said iirst straight guide, and movable projecting members provided in each of said slides at equal distances apart each amounting to a whole number of said units of length minus a fractional part thereof, each of said projecting members being adapted to engage with any one of the recesses in the corresponding straight guide so as to thereby fix the position of the rule in relation to the drawing board.

5.l Drawing apparatus comprising in combination, a drawing board, a vertical rule movable over the board in parallel relation with itself, a horizontal rule movable over the board in parallel relation with itself` and provi-ded with a longitudinal groove, the bottom of which'is provided with a longitudinal row of holes at equal distances apart corresponding to a whole number of a conventional unit of length, a vertical straight guide associated with the board, a horizontal straight guide movable in the groove of the horizontal rule, a movable pin provided in the horizontal straight guide and adapted to engage with any one of the holes in the groove of the horizontal rule, a longitudinal row of Arecesses provided in each straight gui-de at equal distances apart corresponding to the said unit of length, two slides, one of which is coupled vto the vertical rule and adapted to be brought into cooperation with the horizontal straight guide, and the other is coupled to the horizontal straight guide and adapted to be brought into cooperation with the vertical straight guide, and movable projecting members provided in each slide at equal distances apart each amounting to a whole number of said units of length minus a fractional part thereof, each of said projecting members being adapted to engage with any one of the recesses in the corresponding straight guide soy as to thereby x the 'position of the rule in relation to the drawing board.

6. In combination with a drawing apparatus according to claim 5, two rollers rotatably mounted on the horizontal rule near the ends thereof, and a string adapted to be coupled to the slide, which is connected to' the vertical rule and cooperates with the horizontal straight guide, said string being guided from one corner of the board over said rollers to the obliquely opposite corner whereby the end portions of the string run parallel with the sidesof the board and its middle portion runs parallel with the horizontal rule.

'7. Drawing apparatus comprising in combination, a drawing board, a rule movable over the board in parallel relation with itself, a straight guide associated with the board, a longitudinal row of recesses provided in the straight guide at equal distances apart corresponding to a. conventional unit of length, a slide adapted to be brought into cooperation with said straight guide,

a pivotal connection between said slide and the rule, said connection including a pivot pin which runs parallel with the drawing plane and makes with the rule an angle of 45, and movable projecting members provided in said slide at equal distances apart each amounting to a whole number of said units of length minus a fractional part thereof, each of said projecting members being adapted to engage with any one of the recesses in said straight guide so as to thereby iix the position of the rule in relation to the drawing board.

8. Drawing apparatus comprising in combination, a drawing board, a rule movable over the board in parallel relation with itself, a straight guide associated with the board, a number of longitudinal rows of recesses provided in the straight guide at equal distances apart, which in each row correspond to a conventional unit of length, so that the recesses in all the rows lie opposite each other, a slide coupled to said rule and adapted to be brought into cooperation with the straight guide, and a number of rows of movable projecting members equal to the number of rows of recesses provided in said slide at equal distances apart, which in each row correspond to a whole number of said units of length minus a fractional part thereof, the projecting members in one row being staggered with relation toone provided with a plurality of spaced recesses, and movable projecting members arranged on said slide member, each of said projecting members being adapted to engage any one of the recesses in said guide means for locking the rule in predetermined position on the drawing'board.

JAN NIEUWKAMP.

.50 for said slide member arranged on said board and l