US2089454A - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 10, 1937. A. E. WALDEN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 27, 1934 3 SheetsSheet l INVENTOR ALFREDEWALDEN ATTORNEYS ill: |l||1 III III. ill Q Q Aug. 10, 1937. A; E. WALDEN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 27, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 I. I IIIIIIIIII FIG.3.

FIG.4.

INVENTOR ALFRED EWALDEN ATTO RN EY S Aug. 10, 1937. A. E. WALDEN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 27, 1934 INVENTOR "ALFRED E.WALDEN ATTORNEYS Patented Aug. 10, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE INTERNAL COIWBUSTION ENGINE Application August 27, 1934, Serial No. 741,700

1 Claim.

This invention relates generally to internal combustion engines and refers more particularly to improvements. in the cooling systems therefor.

One of the principal objects of this invention is to improve engine performance by providing a construction rendering it possible to not only obtain more uniform cooling of the engine throughout the length thereof, but to also more effectively cool the portions of the engine subjected to the highest temperatures during operation.

The present invention contemplates, obtaining more uniform cooling of the engine throughout the length thereof by arranging the jackets for the coolingmedium at the valve gallery side of g the engine in such a manner as to form, in effect, a distributing, header extending the full length of the engine and communicating at points spaced from each other longitudinally of the engine with the cylinder jackets through the medium of restricted ports. In accordance with this invention the cooling medium is admitted into the header from the source of supply and "2 5 the outlet openings, in the header are so restricted aswto provide for building up a pressure in the E header sufiicient to permit cooling medium to flow throughout the entire length of the header before being exhausted through the restricted outlet openings.

In addition to the foregoing; this invention contemplates more efiiciently cooling the cylinders of the engine by locating the restricted discharge openings aforesaid in such a manner that the cooling medium exhausted from the header impinges against the thrust sides of the cylinders.

A still further feature of this invention resides in a construction of the type previously set forth wherein the jackets forming the header surround the, intake and exhaust ports inv close proximity to, the, valve. seats so as to provide maximum cooling of the valves.

The foregoing as wellwas other objects will be made more apparent as this. description proceeds especially when considered in connection with.

the accompanying drawings, wherein:

, Figure 1 is a sectional view'taken on the line on Figure 2;

Figure 2 isfla sectional view taken substantially onrthe line 2-2 on Figure. 1;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken on the l line 3-'-3. on Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view'taken-onthe 55 line 4-4 on Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing a slightly modified form of construction;

Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken on the plane indicated by the plane 6-6 on Figure 5.

Considerable difliculty has been encountered in the past in efiiciently cooling internal combustion engines of the type having a plurality of cylinders arranged in a line, due to the fact that the volume of the space in a cylinder block of a multi-cylinder engine available for the circulation of cooling medium is considerably greater than the capacity of the pump usually located in the circulating system with the discharge side communicating directly with the above space. Inasmuch as the volume of the space in the block for the cooling medium is large as compared to the capacity of the pump, it necessarily follows that. the pressure of the cooling medium is correspondingly or appreciably reduced as the same is discharged into the space in the block provided therefor. As a matter of fact it has been found that as soon as the cooling medium is circulated around the cylinders and associated portions of the engine located immediately adjacent the discharge side of the pump, the pressure drops to such an extent that the cooling medium merely meanders through the remaining portion of the block so that the cylinders and associated portions of the engine remote from the discharge side of the pump rely principally upon the thermosiphon action of the cooling medium for cooling.

The present invention contemplates improving the type of cooling system briefly referred to above by effecting substantially uniform cooling of the various portions of the engine throughout the length of the latter, and also by insuring maximum cooling of the portions of the engine subjected to the highest temperatures. In general this is accomplished by arranging the jackets associated with the valve controlled ports of the engine in such a manner as to form, in eifect, a distributing header extending the full length of the engine and communicating at points spaced from each other longitudinally of the engine with the jackets associated withthe cylinders of the engine. The pump for the cooling medium is arranged with the discharge side thereof communicating with the header, and the outlet openings aforesaid in the latter are restricted so as to maintain a certain pressure in the header throughout the entire length thereof. The outlet openings, in addition to being restricted are located directly opposite the thrust sides of the cylinders sothat the cooling medium under pressure in the header will be discharged laterally outwardly from the header against the thrust sides of the cylinders.

Referring now more in detail to the above construction and with special reference to the embodiment of the invention featured in Figures 1 to 4 inclusive, it will be noted from these figures that I have selected a six-cylinder internal combustion engine for the purpose of illustrating my invention. In accordance with conventional practice the engine is provided with a cylinder block it having six cylinders ll cast in a line therein and having a pair of intake and exhaust ports l2 and [3 respectively, located opposite each cylinder in the usual manner. The cylinder block I0 is also formed with suitable jackets or spaces l5 around the cylinders for receiving a cooling medium, and in addition is formed with communicating jackets It at the valve gallery side of the engine in association with the intake and exhaust ports. In Figure 1 of the drawings thejackets lfi'a'r'e shown as surrounding the ports 'in close proximity to the valve seats so as to effectively cool the latter and permit correspondingly reducing the operating temperatures of the valves (not shown) controllin'g'these ports.

As shown particularly in Figure 2, partitions it are cast in the block between adjacent intake and exhaust ports in such a manner as to separate the space formed by the communicating jackets Hi from the jackets l5 associate'd'with the cylinders. The construction is such that the communicating jackets around the ports form with the partitions 88 a distributing header extending the full length of the engine at the valve gallery side thereof. In the present instance the cooling medium is discharged into the header 2;) through an'opening 21 in the front Wall of the block by means of a centrifugal pump 22 suitably fixedlysecured to the front of the engine and driven in the. usual manner by the crank shaft (not shown) of the engine.

It will be observed from the foregoing'description, particularly when considered in connection with Figure 2, that'the volume of the distributing header 20 formed by the jackets i6 is small as compared to the total volume of the space in the cylinder block provided for the circulation of cooling medium,;and1 due to this fact a relatively small capacityipump is sufficient to force cooling medium throughout the entire length of the header under pressure; In other words, the cooling medium will fiow throughout the'length of the header around the intake and exhaust ports at a relatively high velocity with the result that these ports and associated valve seats will be efficiently cooled.

It is, of course, desirable to circulate cooling medium through the water jackets 15 by the same pump 22 and this is accomplished herein by forming restricted openings through certain of the partitions l 8. In the present instance the outlet openings 25 in the header are located directly opposite the thrust sides of the'cylinders so that the cooling medium discharged under pressure by the outlet openings will impinge against the aforesaid sides of the cylinders and have a scrubbing action on the walls of the cylinders. The dimensions of the outlet openings 25 are carefully predetermined with respect to the volume of the distributing headerv 28 so that there will be no danger of all of the cooling medium flowing into the headerescaping into the cylinder jackets l5 associated with adjacent the receiving end of the header.

the cylinders immediately In cases where the cross-sectional area of the distributing header 23 is substantially consistent throughout the length of the latter, the outlet openings 25 may be of the same size, but in constructions where the cross-sectional area of the header varies appreciably at different points throughout its length, it may be desirable to proportion the outlet openings accordingly. In order to illustrate this latter construction I have selected an internal combustion engine where the cross-sectional area of the header in the plane of section shown in Figure 3 is greater than the area at the plane of section shown in Figure 4. In other words, in the present illustrated embodiment of the invention the header 2!] is somewhat restricted at the point through which the section illustrated in Figure 4 is taken, and since the cooling medium has supplied only the first two of the six cylinders by the time it reaches this restricted portion of the header, it necessarily follows that substantially two-thirds 1 of the cooling medium should be retained in the header and permitted to pass through the restricted portion thereof. This can easily be obtained with the present construction by so proportioning the first two outlet openings in the header so that only approximately one-third of the cooling medium passing through the header will be permitted to escape out of these openings.

The cooling medium discharged into the jackets [5 from the header 2G is circulated around the cylinders and is permitted to flow upwardly into the cylinder head in the usual manner through the openings 26 formed in the block. Attention may also be called to the fact at this time that the side wall of the block adjacent the valve gallery is provided with tapped openings 21 communicating with the jackets l6 directly opposite the outlet openings 25 so as to permit inspection and cleaning of these openings. In the finished construction the tapped openings 21 are sealed by suitable threaded plugs 28. v

In Figure 5 of the drawings I have illustrated one satisfactory system that may be employed in association with an internal combustion engine having eight cylinders arranged in a line in the block. This construction differs from the one previously described in that the discharge side of the pump 2| instead of communicating with the distributing header 20' at the front end of the engine, communicates with this header between the fourth and fifth cylinders in the block. This is accomplished in the present instance by forming a passage between the fourth and fifth cylinders in such a manner that one end of the passage communicates with the header 20 through the medium of the ports 36, and the opposite end of the passage communicates with the discharge side of the pump through the medium of a suitable conduit 31. The construction is such that the cooling medium discharged into the header 2!? from the passage 35 flows in opposite directions toward the'extreme ends of the engine in substantially the same manner previously described in connection with the first embodiment of this invention. Likewise the portions l8 separating the jackets Hi from the cylinder jackets l5 are formed with restricted ports 25' opposite the thrust sides of these cylinders permitting the cooling .medium to be discharged into the jackets I51 against these sides of the cylinders. y,

What I claim as my invention is:

In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder block having a plurality of cylinders arranged in a line longitudinally of the block and having jackets for a cooling medium associated with the cylinders, intake and exhaust ports formed in the block at the thrust side of the cylinders, jackets for a cooling medium surrounding the ports in communication with each other and cooperating to form a distributing header having 10 openings therethrough directly opposite the thrust sides of the cylinders, a fluid pressure pump having a discharge opening communicating with the header and having a capacity sulficient to build up a pressure in said header, said pump discharge opening being larger than the combined area of the openings in the header to the cylinders to insure the distribution of a liberal quantity of cooling medium undersubstantially equal pressure into all cylinders.

ALFRED E. WALDEN.

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