US2086772A

US2086772A - Governor apparatus

Info

Publication number: US2086772A
Application number: US694434A
Authority: US
Inventors: Salle George W La
Original assignee: HERCULES MOTORS CORP
Current assignee: HERCULES MOTORS Corp
Priority date: 1933-10-20
Filing date: 1933-10-20
Publication date: 1937-07-13
Anticipated expiration: 1954-07-13

Description

July 13, 1937. G. w. LA SALLE GOVERNOR APPARATUS Filed Oct. 20. 1935 3 Sheets-g l l w lillllllf /QI/l/IIIMHIIII July 13, 1937.

G. w. LA SALLE GOVERNOR APPARATUS Filed Oct. 20, 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 gwuento'o I 6f WbaJ'al/e Patented July 13, 1937 UNITED STATES GOVERNOR APPARATUS George W. La Salie, Canton, Ohio, assignor to Hercules'Motors Corporation, Canton, Ohio, a

corporation of Ohio Application (lctober 20, 1933, Serial No. 694,434

Claims.

governor action to maintain the speed of rotation of the shaft within predetermined upper andv lower limits with respect to the set speed.

More particularly the invention relates to governor apparatus of the foregoing general character, and which is adapted for use in connection with a compression ignition internal combustion engine utilizing preferably liquid hydrocarbon fuel, such as Diesel oil. f

Such an engine is' not provided with spark ignition, and consequently the only means of stopping such an engine is to cut off the fiow of liquid fuel to the combustion chambers thereof. when such an engine is used in connection with an industrial power unit, the operator of the. same may be frequently absentfrom the engine, and it is desirable that the control means regulating the rate of flow of liquid fuel to the combustion chambers of the engine be adapted for variable setting to provide variable speeds of ro-' tation of the engine crank shaft, between stop of the engine preferably including an idling speed, and when the control means is set for any of the variable speeds of the engine, it is desirable that governor means be associated with the control means, and that the governor means operate to provide a governor action at any setting of the control means so as to maintain the speed of rotation of the engine crank shaft at the set speed, it being understood that the tendency of such an engine is to overspeed for any particular setting of the control means thereof.

It is moreover desirable that the governor apparatus for a relatively high speed compression ignition internal combustion engine be as compact as possible, be arranged for proper lubrication, and be of such construction and arrangement as to require governor weights or balls as lightas possible, to minimize the space requirements for the operation of the governor weights or balls, and to avoid the setting up of heavy bearing loads during high speed operation of the same.

Governor apparatus available prior to the presand full speed or full power, intermediate speeds.

ent invention did not permit setting the control means at any of a number of different settings between two extreme positions, .one of which stopped the engine and the other of which caused full speed or full power rotation of the crank 5 shaft of the same, and the intermediate positions providing for an idling speed'of rotation and a plurality of intermediate speeds of rotation, and at the same time providing a governor action at each of the speed settings of the control means.

The objects of the present improvements include in general the provision of a governor apparatus operatively associated with a rotary shaft, means controlling the speed of rotation of the shaft, and means for setting the control means, whereby the control means may be set, so that the shaft will rotate at any of a-plurallty of speeds of rotation between stop and full speed, and so that at any setting of the control means and any consequent speedof rotation of the shaft the governor apparatus will maintain by a governor action the set speed of rotation of the shaft. v

The objects of the present improvements include in particular the provision of such a governor apparatus, in combination with a compression ignition internal combustion engine and the fuel pump therefor, whereby the rate of flow of liquid fuel delivered by the fuel pump to the combustion chambers of the engine may be variably set for stopping the engine and for running the engine at selected speeds between an idling speed and full speed or full power, and in which at any set speed, a governor action maintains the speed of rotation of the engine crank shaft within predetermined limits with respect to the set speed.

Further objects of the present improvements include the provision of governor apparatus adapted for use in connection with a high speed engine or the like, and in which the. parts are so constructed and arranged as to have relatively small over-all dimensions, or in other words as to be compact;

Further objects of the present improvements include the provision of governor apparatus adapted for high speed operation, and which includes centrifugally operated governor weights, and in which the parts of the apparatus are so constructed and arranged as to permit the use 50 of relatively light governor weights, thereby reducing bearing pressures in the apparatus to a minimum.

Further objects of the present improvements include the provision of governor apparatus 55 of the foregoing description, and which is constructed and arranged for proper lubrication.

Further objects of the present improvements include the provision of improved details of construction and arrangement for certain of the parts of the governor apparatus and of the governor apparatus in combination with a compression ignition internal combustion engine.

The foregoing and other objects are attained by the improvements, apparatus, parts, combinations, and sub-combinations, which comprise the present invention, and the nature of which is set forth in the following general statement, and preferred embodiments of which, together with their mode of use are set forth in the following description, and which are particularly and distinctly pointed out and set forth in the appended claims forming part hereof.

The nature of the present invention may be described in general terms as including a rotary shaft, power drive means for the shaft, variable control means controlling the operation of the power drive means and adapted to be set so that the operation of the power drive means is stopped and/or is such that the rotary shaft rotates at any one of a plurality of speeds, control setting means operatively associated with the control means for varying the setting of the same, and governor means operatively associated with the control setting means and with the control means and operative by governor action to maintain the speed of rotation of the shaft within predetermined limits with respect to any speed normally corresponding to any particular setting of the control setting means.

The improved governor apparatus is preferably included in and/or combined with a compression ignition internal combustion engine as hereinafter set forth in greater detail, and the apparatus and engine also preferably include further novel improvements illustrated in the drawings and/or as hereinafter set forth.

A compression ignition internal combustion engine equipped and combined with the present improved governor apparatus is illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming part hereof, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation view of a compression ignition internal combustion engine having a fuel pump equipped with the improved governor apparatus of the present invention;

Fig. 2, an enlarged transverse sectional view of the improved governor apparatus, as on line 22, 'Fig. 1, distant parts of the engine and fuel pump being removed;

Fig. 3, a similar enlarged'transverse sectional view of the improved governor apparatus, as on line 33, Fig. 1;

Fig. 4, a fragmentary part side elevation and part longitudinal sectional view with portions broken away of the improved governor apparatus and portions of the fuel pump, distant parts of the engine being removed, and the improved governor apparatus being illustrated in longitudinal section as on line 4-4, Fig. 3;

Fig. 5, a view similar to Fig. 4, the improved governor apparatus being illustrated in longitudinal section as on line 55, Fig. 2;

Fig. 6, a view similar to Fig. 4, with different portions broken away;

Fig. 7, a further enlarged plan sectional view as on line 1-1, Figs. 4, 5, and 6.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

The compression ignition internal combustion engine equipped with thepresent improved governor apparatus is indicated generally at I! and as illustrated is a six cylinder, four stroke cycle, single action, high speed, compression ignition internal combustion engine, in which the air for combustion is obtained normally directly from the atmosphere, and in which separate quantitles or charges of the preferred liquid hydrocarbon fuel, such as Diesel oil, are successively injected, by operation of a fuel pump indicated generally by II, into the combustion chambers of the engine at successive timed intervals, one charge being injected into the combustion chambers of each cylinder during each four stroke cycle of the piston operatively mounted in the cylinder.

The fuel pump II is operatively mounted on one side of the engine as shown in Fig. 1, and as illustrated is of usual construction and arrangement and includes a shaft l2, driven by an operative connection with gearing contained in a gear housing l3 of the engine, the gears in the gear housing being driven by the engine crank shaft. The gears and crank shaft are not shown, and may be of a usual construction and arrangement.

The fuel pump H includes a casing H in which plunger pistons, not shown, are operatively mounted, each in a pump cylinder, not shown, formed in the casing l4, one pump plunger piston and cylinder being provided for each cylinder of the engine.

The plunger pistons are actuated in a usual manner by cams on a cam shaft portion, not shown, of the shaft I2, the cam shaft portion being located within a cam shaft chamber of the casing l4.

Each pump cylinder communicates with a discharge outlet I5 which communicatingiy connects with one end of a tube [6 the other end of which communicatingiy connects with a pintle nozzle discharging into the combustion chambers of one of the engine cylinders.

The liquid fuel is supplied to the pump ll through a main supply tube I! in which an oil cleaner l8 may be interposed ahead of the fuel pump II.

The fuel pump is provided with the present improved governor apparatus indicated generally by l9, and the fuel pump also includes valve or variable metering means for each fuel pump cylinder controlling the quantity of liquid fuel admitted to each pump cylinder from the main supply tube I1, and thus controlling the quantity of fuel in each charge pumped out of each pump cylinder into its associated engine cylinder combustion chambers on the pressure stroke of the piston of the pump cylinder.

The fuel pump I I furthermore includes a valve setting or throttle rod 20 which is operatively associated with each of the valve means for each of the pump cylinders and which is arranged for reciprocation in normally horizontal opposite directions in the casing ll of the fuel pump II.

The rod 20, when displaced to its extreme position in the direction of the arrow S, in Figs. 4, 5, 6., and 7 actuates the valve means so as to shut off the flow of liquid fuel into the pump cylinders, and thus stops the engine. At the position of the rod 20 and associated parts as illustrated in full lines in Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7, the pump valve means are set to a position for permitting a flow of fuel into the pump cylinders at such rate as to cause the engine III to operate at a desired idling speed.

member which is movable between two extreme positions, one of which is such that the control means are actuated to stop the engine or apparatus controlled by the control or valve means, and the other of which is such that the control means are actuated so as to run the engine at full speed, and intermediate positions of which include a setting which provides an idling speed for the engine, and provides for varying speeds thereof between the idling speed and the full speed.

Particularly in an industrial power unit where the operator may be frequently absent from the engine, as aforesaid, it is desirable that the control actuating member 23 be associated with governor means which permit a governor action at any setting of the control actuating means between the idling setting'and the full speed setting, and also which permits a stop setting of the control actuating member 26. r

The present improved governor apparatus I9 is associated with the pump and its throttle rod or control actuating member 20 so as to attain these and other objects of the invention.

The governor apparatus I3 preferably includes a casing indicated generally by 2| and which comprises wallsforming a governor chamber 22, and which in the illustrated embodiment consists of two

casing sections

23 and 23 secured to each other, and the casing section 23' being secured to the pump casing I4. I

The governor casing section 23' includes an end wall 24 which abuts against the adjacent end wall 25 of the pump casing l4, and the governor drive end 26 of the pump shaft |2 extends through suitable apertures formed in the pump casing wall 25- and the governor casing wall 24, and preferably anti-friction bearing means indicated generally by 21 journal the shaft in the governor casing wall 24, and the governor drive end 26 of the pump shaft I2 terminates within the governor chamber 22.

A governor drive gear 23 is secured upon the governor drive end 26 of the pump shaft l2 within the governor chamber 22, and also within the governor chamber, a governor shaft 29 is journal mounted at opposite ends as by means of anti-friction bearing means indicated generally by 36 and 3|, respectively, which are themselves respectively mounted in the governor casing end wall 24 and the opposite governor casing I end wall 32.

The longitudinal axis of rotation of the governor shaft 29 is preferably parallel with the longitudinal axis of rotation of the pumpshaft i2 and the governor shaft has secured thereon a driven pinion 33 which is located adjacent the anti-friction bearing means '30 and which is meshed with the governor drive gear 23, whereby rotation of the pump shaft l2 driven as aforesaid from the crank shaft of the engine, serves to rotate the governor shaft 29.

The governor shaft 29 has secured thereon, in

the illustrated embodiment adjacent the driven pinion 33, a spider 34 having sets of arms 35 and 35' respectively extending from diametrically opposite sides of the shaft 29, and governor weights 36 and 36' are pivotally mounted intermediate their ends respectively on the opposite sets of spider arms 35 and 35', as by means of spider pins 31 and 31', the longitudinal axes of which are parallel, and which are spaced at equal distances from the longitudinal axis of the govl0 ernor shaft 29, and lie in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the shaft29.

The governor weights 36 and 36' are of a desired shape, and are substantially identical with each other, and have their centers of gravity located at equal distances from the longitudinal axes of the pins 31 and 31 beyond the outer extremities of the sets of spider arms 35 and 35'.

The governor weights 36 and 36' include respectively sleeve actuating tongues 33 and 33' which extend toward the governor shaft 29, the tongues 38 and 38' being located between the spider pins 31 and 31' and the governor shaft 29.

The governor weights 36 and 36' also include at theirinner extremities stop tongues 33 and 39' which abut. against opposite stop faces on the spider hub 40 and limit the outward movement of the weights 36 and 36' under the action of the centrifugal forces set up therein by rotation of the shaft 29.

A sleeve 4| is slidably mounted on the governor shaft 29 between the spider 34 and the outer bearing means 3| for the governor shaft 29, and the end face 42 of the sleeve 4| adjacent thetongues 38 and 38' of the governor weights 36 and 36' is abuttable by the outer extremities of the tongues 38 and 33, and the sleeve 4| is longitudinally movable on the shaft 29, and is moved by or moves the weights 36 and 36' during operation of the governor between and including idling speed and full speed of the engine, as is hereinafter set forth in greater detail.

Intermediate its ends, the sleeve 4| has rotatably mounted thereon a ring 43, the mounting of the ring 43 on the sleeve 4| being preferably as 45 illustrated by means of an anti-friction hearing I The governor apparatus l9 furthermore includes a yoke lever pivoting tube shaft 45 which is secured at its ends in the opposite side walls 46 and 41 of the governor casing section 23, and which is located at one side of, and as illustrated, normally below the governor shaft 29, the longitudinal axis of the tube shaft 45 extending at right angles to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the governor shaft 29.

A movable member or yoke lever 43 is pivotally mounted at one end 49 on the tube shaft 45, and the yoke lever end 49 as illustrated is the lower end of the yoke lever 48.

The yoke lever 48 has formed therein a central opening 50, and the governor shaft 29', the

sleeve 4|, and the ring 43 rotatably mounted on the sleeve 4| as aforesaid, extend through and/ or are located within the central opening 50 of the yoke lever 48.

The ring 43 has formed in its outer peripheral surface an outwardly opening annular groove 52 and pins 53 and 53' have their outer ends respectively secured in the yoke side members 5| and 5| and have their inner ends extending into. the ring groove 52.

At the upper corner of the yoke lever 48 opposite the outer end of the rod 20, connector ears 54 and 54' are provided and a longitudinally adjustable link means 55 is pivotally connected at its outer end with the

cars

54 and 54, as by pin means 56, and the link means 55 is pivotally connected at its inner end with the outer extremity of the rod 20 as by pin means 51.

At the other upper corner of the yoke lever 48, connector ears 58 and 58' are provided and the connector ears 58 and 58' are connected by slot and pin means 59 with one end of a telescoping spring support member 60, the other end of which telescopes with one end of another telescoping spring support member GI, and the telescoping members 60 and iii are connected to each other by a tension spring 62 through which the telescoping members extend, so that in the event the spring 62 should break, the parts thereof will not drop onto the other parts of the governor apparatus.

The governor apparatus is furthermore includes a control actuating member setting shaft 63 which is parallel to the tube shaft 45 andJs located above the governor shaft 28, and is journailed in the opposite side walls 64 and of the governor casing section 23.

Opposite the

yoke lever ears

58 and 58, a crank arm 68 is secured upon the shaft 83 and the outer end of the crank arm 66 is pivotally connected by pin means 61 with the adjacent end of the telescoping spring supporting member 5|.

The shaft 83 extends beyond the outer side of the casing section 23 and has secured thereon a control setting lever 68 which is preferably associated with stop means indicated generally by 59 for limiting the high speed setting of the fuel pump control valves.

Preferably a compression spring 10 is interposed between the upper end of the yoke lever 48, and an externally threaded adjustable screw plug ll screwed in an internally threaded bore formed in the governor casing wall 32, the upper end of the yoke lever 48 and the plug 'Il preferably having oppositely opening sockets formed therein into which the opposite ends of the compression spring 10 extend.

The operation of the improved governor apparatus i9 combined as aforesaid with the engine [0 and its fuel pump II, is as follows:

As aforesaid, the governor apparatus parts as illustrated in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are in their several relative positions by which idling speed of the engine is obtained.

The control setting lever 58 may be operatively connected with usual sector and latch means, not shown, for maintaining the lever and the parts controlled thereby at any set position.

As best shown in Figs. 4 to 6 inclusive, in the idling setting of the governor apparatus parts, the tendency of the governor weights 35 and 35' to move the sleeve 4| and the yoke lever 48 towards the casing wall 32 is opposed by the spring 18, which is adjusted so as to normally maintain the yoke arm 48 so that the pin of the pin and slot means 59 is midway between the ends of the slot thereof, and consequently a slight increase in the speed of the engine beyond the idling speed will cause the weights 35 and 35' to move outwardly and will slightly advance the control lever 48 towards the wall 32 and will thus move the rod 20 in the direction of the arrow S and slightly decrease the rate of flow of fuel and slow down the engine speed to the idling speed: and on the other hand a slight decrease in the speed of the engine will permit the spring 18 to move the yoke arm 48 towards the fuel pump and cause the weights 3B and 36' to move inwardly and the rod 20 will be moved in the direction of the arrow F and slightly increase the rate of flow of fuel and the speed of the engine to the idling speed, all of which may be termed a governor action at the particular idling speed setting.

In the idling speed setting, the tension spring 62 has no tension load thereon, and with respect to movements thereof towards the casing wall 82 is in effect a solid member. Consequently for stopping the engine the control setting lever 58 need only be rotated a slight distance counterclockwise, as viewed in Fig. 6, so as to move the yoke lever arm 48 and the rod 28 connected thereto to a position in the direction of the arrow S such that the flow of all liquid fuel through the fuel pump II is stopped, and consequently the engine will stop.

For higher speed operations of the engine, the control setting lever 68 is swung in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 6 to any intermediate speed setting or the maximum high speed setting thereof, and by such clockwise movement I of the control setting lever 68, the spring 52 will first be extended by tension loading and the yoke arm 48 will then be pulled in the direction of the arrow F, and the rod 20 will be moved in the direction of the arrow F to the desired setting; and at any such settings, governor action of the apparatus will be obtained by reason of the tension loading of the spring 62 permitting slight swinging to and fro of the yoke lever arm 48 during governor action of the apparatus.

As shown in the drawings, the governor apparatus is exceedingly compact, and the governor casing is adapted for containing a supply of lubricant for properly lubricating the several parts.

Also as shown in the drawings, the higher the speed setting of the apparatus, the closer the centers of gravities of the governor weights are to the axis of the governor shaft, thus maintaining at a minimum the bearing loads in the apparatus during high speed operation thereof.

I claim:

1. In governor and control apparatus and the like, a movable member adapted for operative connection with variable control means and the like, a rotary shaft, centrifugally actuated means operatively mounted on the shaft and associated with the movable member so as to move and permit movement of the member when the speed of rotation of the shaft varies between predetermined limits, movable control setting means, and slot and pin means and resilient means connected with each other and connecting the movable member with the movable control setting means and resilient means urging the movable member in one direction.

2. In governor and control apparatus and the like, a movable member adapted for operative connection with variable control means and the like, a rotary shaft, centrifugally actuated means operatively mounted on the shaft and associated with the movable member so as to move and permit movement of the member when the speed of rotation of the shaft varies between predetermined limits, movable control setting means, and slot and pin means and resilient tension means connected with each other and connecting the movable member with the movable control setting means and resilient means urging the movable member in one direction.

3. In governor and control apparatus and the like, a pivotally movable lever adapted for operative connection with variable control means and the like, a rotary shaft, centrifugally actuated means operatively mounted on the shaft and associated with the lever so as to pivotally move and permit movement of the lever when the speed of rotation of the shaft attains predetermined limits, movable control setting means, and slot and pin means and resilient means connected with each other and connecting the movable control setting means with the lever and resilient means urging the movable lever in one direction.

4. In governor and control apparatus and the like, a pivotally movable lever adapted for operative connection with variable control means and the like, a rotary shaft, centrifugally actuated means operatively mounted on the shaft and associated with the lever so as to pivotally move and permit movement of the lever when the speed of rotation of the shaft varies between predetermined limits, movable control setting means, and slot and pin means andresilient tension means connected with each other and connecting the movable control setting means with the lever and resilient means urging the movable lever in one direction.

5. In governor and control apparatus and the like adapted for controlling the operation of a compression ignition internal combustion engine so as to permit idling speed operation and selectlve governor controlled variable speed operation thereof, a movable member adapted for operative connection with variable control means, governor means associated with the movable member so as to move and permit movement of the member during operation of the governor means, movable control setting means, oppositely spaced slot and pin means and resilient means connected with each other and interposed between and connecting the movable member with thernovable control setting means, and resilient means urging the movable member in one direction.

GEORGE W. LA SALLE.