US2086520A - Device for cooling quick firing arms - Google Patents

Device for cooling quick firing arms Download PDF

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Publication number
US2086520A
US2086520A US735702A US73570234A US2086520A US 2086520 A US2086520 A US 2086520A US 735702 A US735702 A US 735702A US 73570234 A US73570234 A US 73570234A US 2086520 A US2086520 A US 2086520A
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United States
Prior art keywords
barrel
gases
cooling
chambers
chamber
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Expired - Lifetime
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US735702A
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English (en)
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Baumann Werner
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A13/00—Cooling or heating systems; Blowing-through of gun barrels; Ventilating systems
    • F41A13/12—Systems for cooling the outer surface of the barrel

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is to pr0- vide improvements in the device for cooling quick firing arms of the type above referred to, with a View to increasing the eiciency thereof.
  • a first improvement according to the present invention consists in fractionating the expansion of the gases prior to their being admitted into the ejector, by causing said gases to pass through several successive expansion chambers, or, which is the equivalent, through a single eX- pansion chamber divided into a plurality of spaces, separated by partitions, through which the gases pass successively.
  • These chambers, or some of them, may be provided with auxiliary ejectors,
  • I increase the number of points at which the powder gases act on the .cooling air, and therefore I improve the action on said cooling air.
  • the par- 30 titions that separate these elementary chambers from one another then act for braking the outow of the powder gases through the nozzle provided coaxially with th'e barrel and thus render the maximum portion of the mass of gases available at the desired places.
  • ejectors may if desired be provided at suitable points of the passages provided about the barrel for the iiow of air, gases from the expansion chambers being fed to these local and individual ejectors through suitable conduits.
  • I provide cooling ribs or fins on the outer walls of the expansion chambers so as to obtain a cooling of r these walls through the circulation of air and thus to prevent ignition of the outflowing powder gases.
  • I provide corrugations, or projections and hollows, in the sleeve that surrounds the expansion chambers, with a view to creating, under the action of the outiiowing gases,
  • I may 5 for instance fix the expansion chamber, the ejector, and also the set of cooling ribs or fins through which air is caused to flow, to a stationary part of the firearm, for instance the breech, while the axially movable barrel is mounted axially within said set of ribs or fins, with a certain clearance space which permits said barrel to move freely but which can be filled with a. matter having a good thermic conductivity, in the form of a powder or of shavings, so as to ensure a thermic connection between the barrel and the cooling fins.
  • Fig. 1 is an axial sectional view of the portion of the cooling device that is nearer to the breech, said cooling device being shown as applied to a machine gun having a stationary barrel, of the Hotchkiss type;
  • Fig. 1a is a similar view of the portion of the cooling device that is located nearer to the muzzle of the barrel;
  • Fig. 2 is a partial sectional view on the line '2 2 of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1a;
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view, given merely for the sake of comparison, of a portion of an ordinary Hotchkiss machine gun
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the invention, as applied to a machine gun in which the barrel has a reciprocating motion;
  • Fig. 7 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of the structure shown in Fig. 6, on the line 1-1 of Fig. 6;
  • Figs. 8 and 9 are cross sectional views of modications
  • Fig. 10 is a side view, partly in longitudinal section of another embodiment of the cooling device according to the invention.
  • the tubular piece or sleeve shown in side view on the right of said figure is the same as that shown in cross-section on Fig. 1a;
  • Fig. 11 is a sectional view on the line m-IG of Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 12 is a sectional view of a detail of this embodiment.
  • the powder gases escaping from the muzzle of the barrel I of the firearm penetrate into a chamber 2 in which they expand and out of which they issue through an ejector 3 provided at the outlet end 'of this chamber.
  • the powder gases expand in this chamber 2 so that the ilow thereof through ejector 3 is slower than the ow at the muzzle of the barrel. Therefore the gases flowing out through said ejector can cause an efficient stream of air to take place through the annular interval 4 that surrounds chamber 2 and therefore through the passages 5 that surround barrel I, as it was explained in the prior U. S. patent application above referred to.
  • the expansion of the powder gases in chamber 2 is fractionated by dividing said chamber into a plurality of elementary chambers, such as 6. 1, 1, 1b, 1, which are separated from one another by partitions 8 provided, in their central part, with a passage fo-r the bullets and for the gases.
  • Chamber S itself can be divided into two compartments by a partition 9, which is shown in the drawings, (Fig. 1a).
  • the eilcacy of the isentropic expansion is'increased owing to the fact that said expansion.
  • the partitions 8 that serve to divide the expansion chamber 2 into a plurality of elementary expansion chambers further serve to prevent a back flow of the gases to the barrel in the time between the shots.
  • a good coefficient of flow in one direction say for instance 0.97
  • a smaller coecient in the opposite direction say for instance 0.55
  • the existence, in the vicinity of the muzzle of the barrel, that is to say immediately before chamber 6, which is of relatively large volume, of partition 9, shown in Fig. 1a is important for preventing the backflow of gases from chamber 6 to the barrel.
  • the Various chambers 6, 1, la, etc. will be advantageously provided, on their periphery, with ejectors such as III, which open into the space 4 and therefore improve the ilow of cooling air, since the latter is sucked in at different points of its path by escaping expanded gases.
  • Partitions 8 then further perform the function of deflecting an important portion of the gaseous mass away from axial ejector 3, directing said mass to the peripheral ejectors Ill. Besides it is possible to lead a portion of the gases through suitable passages, from any of the chambers to ejectors disposed at any desired point of passages 5 through which the cooling air ilows, so as to improve the driving action exerted on said air at this point, if necessary.
  • chamber 6 before which can be eventually provided a small chamber limited by partition 9, should have a volume several times greater than that of the barrel of the rearm, so as to obtain a considerable expansion of the gases in said chamber.
  • ns 2a xed to the outer Wall of chambers' 6, 'l and 1a which ns are intended to prevent said wall from reaching too high a temperature, which might cause the powder gases to again ignite.
  • ns 2a which are placed in interval 4, are cooled by the stream of air induced by the ejectors.
  • the tubular piece or sleeve 4a that surrounds chamber 2 and limits between itself and said chamber the space 4 through which the cooling air flows is given the shape of a cylinder the Walls of which are longitudinally corrugated.
  • the ridges 4a of these corrugations afford room for ns 2a while, near the end of this cylinder, the grooves 4c are of progressively increasing depth and are directed along the generatrices of a cone converging toward nozzle 4d through which the bullets issue (see the sectional views of Figs. 1a and 3 and the side view of Fig.
  • the gases that act on piston i3 so as to ensure the automatic working of the firearm are recuperated after expansion, through a tube B4, so as to cooperate in producing a stream of air through the annular space 4.
  • this tube 4 is provided at its end with nozzles I6 opening into space 4.
  • the ordinary cylinder Il of piston I3, as shown by Fig. 4 is done away with and replaced by a tube I8 provided with a coupling adapted to screw at I9 on the usual sleeve 2B into which opens the gas outlet 2l communicating with the barrel (Fig. 4).
  • This cylinder i8 carries a bent tube I8a through which the exhaust gases are fed to tube I4.
  • the passages are provided in rings lZ2 which are slipped on the barrel of the firearm, in such manner that the passages in the different rings are disposed in line with one another.
  • These rings may be made of a light alloy which is a good conductor of heat, for instance an alloy of aluminium and silver, containing preferably about 9% of silver.
  • This cooling arrangement may of course be given any other form; it may for instance include fins.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 concern the application of the cooling device to machine guns in which the barrel moves in a backward direction after each shot.
  • a tube 27 is fixed by means of fixation members 25.
  • This tube carries, through rings 28, the whole of the cooling conduits 5, expansion chamber 2 with its ejector 3, and boxa.
  • Chamber 2 may be divided into a plurality of elementary chambers by means of suitable partitions, as above explained.
  • This chamber 2 is connected to box 4 through radial fixation members 28a.
  • the inner diameter of sleeve 5a in which conduits 5 are provided is chosen suiliciently large for leaving between the inner face of this sleeve and the movable barrel of the rearm a certain clearance space 30 which permits this barrel to reciprocate freely.
  • This clearance space is lled with powder and shavings of a matter which is a good conductor of heat, for instance iron lings, silver filings, etc.
  • the end of barrel l penetrates into chamber 2 by passing through an annular member 3! forming a prolonged portion of said chamber and provided on its inner surfacev with circular grooves 32 which act to prevent the powder gases from leaking from chamber 2 into clearance space 3d. Besides, losses are reduced owing to the expansion of the gases and to their .being caused to ow through the ejectors.
  • the sleeve 5e that carries conduits g may bemade of several elements assembled together which have, in section the shape of sectors 33, as shown by Fig. '7.
  • the surface through which heat is interehanged between the barrel and said sleeve is as large as possible and for this purpose the barrel is given a polygonal (Fig. 8) or starlike (Fig. 9) shape, the central bore of the sleeve being given a corresponding shape.
  • the whole of the expansion chambers, the tubular piece or sleeve 4a and the ejectors is fixed to sleeve 31 through screws 38, or any other simple means of fixation.
  • the sleeve da is provided with corrugations freely open at the end of the sleeve, as in Fig. la.
  • a device for cooling the barrel of a quick ring arm having at least one barrel which comprises, in combination, a plurality of walls forming chambers .connected in series with the end of said barrel for allowing the powder gases issuing therefrom to expand successively through said chambers down to a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, a wall of each chamber being provided with a restricted opening constituting a discharge passage through the chamber to keep the pressure in said chambers above atmospheric pressure for a predetermined time after the passage of a projectile through said barrel, air conveying means opening at the rear into the atmosphere for leading air along said barrel, a sleeve surrounding said chambers connected at the rear to said air conveying means and opening in the front into the atmosphere, forming an annular space between said sleeve and the outer wall of said chambers, and at least one outlet jet, means connected with at least one of said chambers and opening frontwardly into said annular space between said sleeve and the outer wall of said chambers, to induce a ilow of cooling air into said annular
  • a device for cooling the barrel of a quick firing arm having at least one barrel, which comprises, in combination, a plurality of walls forming chambers connected in series with the end of said barrel for allowing the powder gases issuing therefrom to expand successively through said chambers down to a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, a wall of each chamber being provided with a restricted opening constituting a discharge passage through the chamber to keep the pressure in said chambers above atmospheric pressure for a predetermined time after the passage of a projectile through said barrel, air conveying means opening at the rear into the atmosphere for leading air along said barrel, a sleeve surrounding said chambers connected at the rear to said air conveying means and opening at the front into the atmosphere, forming an annular space between said sleeve and the outer wall of said chambers, and a plurality of peripheral ejectors connected with at least several of said chambers and opening frontwardly into the annular space between said sleeve and the outer wall of said chambers, to induce a flow of cooling air into said annular space and said
  • a cooling device according t9 claim l further including cooling iins carried by the outer wall of said chambers and extending in said annular space.
  • a cooling device in which said sleeve is provided with at least one longitudinal corrugation in register with said jet.
  • a cooling device further including cooling fins carried by the outer wall of said chambers and in which said sleeve is provided with longitudinal corrugations corresponding wlth said iins.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
US735702A 1933-07-18 1934-07-17 Device for cooling quick firing arms Expired - Lifetime US2086520A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR186305X 1933-07-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2086520A true US2086520A (en) 1937-07-13

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ID=8878637

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US735702A Expired - Lifetime US2086520A (en) 1933-07-18 1934-07-17 Device for cooling quick firing arms

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2086520A (fr)
AT (1) AT148578B (fr)
BE (1) BE404252A (fr)
CH (1) CH186305A (fr)
NL (1) NL45203C (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2423109A (en) * 1944-07-01 1947-07-01 Monnet Georges Means for improving the ejection of masses
US5726375A (en) * 1996-06-13 1998-03-10 Mcdonnell Douglas Helicopter Gun barrel shrouding system
US7735408B1 (en) * 2004-10-14 2010-06-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Mortar tube with cooling fin
US9658010B1 (en) * 2014-10-13 2017-05-23 Paul Oglesby Heat shielding and thermal venting system

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2423109A (en) * 1944-07-01 1947-07-01 Monnet Georges Means for improving the ejection of masses
US5726375A (en) * 1996-06-13 1998-03-10 Mcdonnell Douglas Helicopter Gun barrel shrouding system
US7735408B1 (en) * 2004-10-14 2010-06-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Mortar tube with cooling fin
US9658010B1 (en) * 2014-10-13 2017-05-23 Paul Oglesby Heat shielding and thermal venting system
US10001340B1 (en) * 2014-10-13 2018-06-19 Paul Oglesby Thermal shielding and venting system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL45203C (fr)
BE404252A (fr)
AT148578B (de) 1937-02-10
CH186305A (fr) 1936-09-15

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