US2084341A - Refrigerating apparatus - Google Patents

Description

J1me 1937- I J. R. HORNADAY REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 31, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet2 I :P- le I 4 INVENTOR. //o JAMi: W. Ham/1114x- MWQA ATTORNEY.

Patented 'June 22, 1937 I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application October 81, 1934, Serial No. 750,850

; 4 Claims This invention relates to refrigerating apparatus and more particularly to a novel refrigerant liqueiying unit embodying a hermetically sealed motor-compressor particularly adapted for units of large capacity.

It is an object of the invention to provide a hermetically sealedmotor-compressorunit having a removable frame within the housing upon which the motor and compressor are mounted and may be operated as a unit outside the housing.

A further object is to provide a, novel means for insuring the maintenance of an unfailing supply of lubricant to the top bearing of the motorcompressor unit.

It is also an object to provide a motor-compressor unit which is quiet in operation and which embodies a built in muilier for the discharged refrigerant.

A further object is to provide a water cooled refrigerant liquefying unit having provision for automatically draining the-chamber or chambers containing cooling fiuid at each time that the supply of cooling fluid is cut off.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, wherein a preferred form of the present invention is clearly shown.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a vertical cross section of a motorcompressor unit embodying the present invention, and is taken on line ll of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the unit shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a cross section on line 2-3 of Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view' of a refrigerating apparatus including a refrigerant liquefying unit I embodying the present invention.

40 Referring now to Fig. -1, there is illustrated a motor-compressor unit comprising a dome shaped housin base plate, l2 which is secured to the dome memher, as by welding, at l4. The dome member I ll 45 has an internal cylindrical bore I 6 within which is slidably fitted a main frame It. The frame I8 is comprised of two portions, 20 and 2, the upper portion 20 of which is provided with an internal bore 24 which is eccentric to the external 50 surface of the portion 20. An upper bearing 26 is. supported on the frame portion 20, preferably by a plurality of integrally formed spider arms 28. The lower portion 22 of the frame I8 is provided withan upstanding rim 30 which fits snug- 5 1y within the internal bore 24 of the frame memframe member 20 as by screws 4i.

' tion 66 also is provided with electric current leadlil having its lower end closed with a.

ger 20 and is secured thereto by bolts 22 (see ig. 2. The member 22 carries the lower bearing 34.

Journaled in the bearings 28 and 34 is the main shaft 36 which carries at its upper end the rotor 5 38 of an electric motor. The stator 40 of the motor is secured to the internal bore 24 in the The shaft 36 projects below the bearing 34 and at its lower end is formed with a crank pin 43 forming part 10 of a reciprocating piston compressor. A pair of compressor cylinders 42 and 44 arebolted to the lower surface of the frame member 22 and preferably adjustably mounted thereon by means of keys 46. The cylinders are movable radially due to a limited clearance around the bolts 45 in order to vary the clearance volume of the compressor. Suitable pistons v48 are reciprocated within the cylinder 42 by means of the usual connecting rods 50 which in turn are journal'ed on the crank pin 43. The crank pin 43 is preferably drilled for lubricating the bearings thereon and a downwardly directed lubricant scoop 52 is provided for delivering lubricant to the bearings under slight pressure.

I Each of the cylinders 42 and 44 is provided with intake valves 54 and exhaust valves 56 of suitable design in their respective cylinder heads.v Communicating with the intake valves 54 through suitable intake passages 58 is an intake manifold 60 having a separable joint 62 situated within the limits of the internal bore I6 of the housing l0. A suitable external inlet connection 64 is provided within a protruding portion 66 formed on the housing member ill. The protruding porin conductors 68 which are connected to the windings of the stator 40. The exhaust valves 56 are in communication with outlet conduits 1.0 formed in the frame l8. The conduits Ill preferably comprise enlarged portions 12 formed in the frame member 20 at its thicker portion for the purpose of acting as a sound muiller. The outlet conduits Ill terminate in discharge portions 13 opening adjacent the upper bearing 26 for the purpose of directing entrained lubricant upon the bearing 26.

The bottom housing member I2 is formed with a concave portion 14 which acts as a lubricant sump and within which is provided a circular screen member 16 for filtering the lubricant before entering the lubricant scoop 52. A Jacket or chamber 18 is provided on the outside of the housing member l0 through which water or other cooling fluid may be circulated for withdrawing 66 heat from the stator 40 and from the compressed conduit I02.

gas within the housing I0. The frame is together with the motor and compressor parts may be assembled outside the casing and operated as a unit before its insertion into the housing I0. After satisfactory testing, the motor, compressor and frame may be inserted into the open end of the housing I0 and secured thereto by bolts 80, which in turn, are anchored to holding lugs 82 weldedto the housing iii. The bolts 80 pass through elongated apertures 84 in the frame I8 so that the entire unit may be rotated relative to the housing I0 during assembly. The frame I8 is provided adjacent its thinner portion with a flat or relieved portion 86 which permits the frame to pass the inlet connection at the separable joint 62. After the frame has been inserted into the housing sufficiently to pass the inlet connection 84, the frame may be rotated into the position illustrated andbolted in place, after which the separable connection 62 is coupled together.

The motor-compressor unit is particularly adapted for use in a refrigerating apparatus which may comprise a water cooled condenser 88 to which compressed refrigerant is delivered from the outlet 90 of the compressor by the conduit 92. Refrigerant liquefied in the condenser 88 is delivered by conduit '94 to a liquid refrigerant control device 96 and expanded in the evaporator 98. The expanded refrigerant is delivered to the inlet 64 of the compressor by conduit I00. Water or other cooling fluid is preferably conducted from a suitable source to the condenser 88 by a is conducted to the cooling jacket of the compressor unit by a conduit I04. The water inlet I06 to the jacket I8 is preferably located at the bottom of the jacket as illustrated (see Fig. 3) while the outlet from the Jacket is of special construction. The outlet preferably comprises a fitting I08 situated at the top of the water jacket and an additional outlet fitting IIO situated at the bottom of the water jacket. The outlet H0 is of restricted size so that it will not pass water at as great a rate as water is delivered to the jacket through the inlet connection I06. The discharged water may be conducted to a suitable drain bya conduit I I2'which communicates with both outlet fittings I00 and H0. The water outlet connections from the condenser 88 comprise upper and lower fittings III and H3 which may be similar to the fittings I08 and I I0 respectively.

Suitable electric control devices are provided .in the refrigerating apparatus which may comprise a thermostatic switch H4 in one of thecurrent supply lines I I8 and suitable motor starting control devices II8. An automatic water valve I20 of suitable type is provided in the water inlet line I02 to maintain the supply of cooling water closed during the idle periods of the motor-compressor unit, and as illustrated comprises a soleiioid valve connected to the current supply lines to be energized concurrently with the motorcompressor unit.

In operation, the system being suitably charged with refrigerant and a body of lubricant within the housing I0 of the compressor, thermostatic switch H4 is closed causing the starting device I I8 to initiate operation of the motor-compressor unit. Rotation of the shaft 36 causes reciprocation of the pistons48 in the well known manner,

and withdraws expanded refrigerant through the inlet connection 84 and the inlet manifold 80.

Compressed refrigerant is delivered through the outlet conduits 10, the muillers I2 and the dis- From the condenser 88, the water charge orifices 18. The lubricant entrained in the refrigerant delivered from the orifices 13 maintains the bearing 28, well lubricated. The lower bearing 84 is lubricated by the splash within the lubricant sump 14 while the bearings on the crank pin "are lubricated by the lubricant scoop 52. The mufflers 12 being situated in the thick walled portion of the frame member 20, efllciently damps vibrations in the body of gas passing through the outlet conduits I0 and in addition, being of larger diameter than the remainder of the conduit I0, permits the discharged gaseous refrigerant to slow down and give up some heat to the adjacent water jacket 18. As long as the switch H4 remains closed, the water valve I20 will be energized permitting water to'be delivered through conduit I02 to the condenser 88 and through conduit I04 to the water jacket I8. As soon as the thermostatic switch opens, the water valveI20 will close, thus shutting off the supply of cooling fluid to the condenser 88 and the water jacket I8. The water containing chambers of the-refrigerant liquefying unit are self-draining in the following manner. Since the condenser 88 is situated above the water Jacket '18, all the water in the jacket 18 will drain by gravity through connection H0 to the drain. As soon as jacket I8 is emptied of water in this manner, the condenser will be emptied in a similar manner through the restricted outlet H3. The-conduits I04 and I I2 are made sufliciently large to permit air to bubble upwardly. therethrough to displace the water being drained. This results in effectively draining the entire unit of water ateach time that the motor-compressor unit shuts down, thus eliminating the possibility of a freeze-up in cold weather. Upon restarting of the refrigerant liquefying unit, the water is delivered through the valve I20 to condenser 88 at a greater rate than it will pass through the restricted outlet III.

This results in the level of water in the con- While the form of embodiment of the invention as herein disclosed constitutes a preferred form, it is to be understood that other forms might be adopted, all coming within the scope of the claims which follow.

What'is claimed is as follows:

1. A cooling system for a refrigerant liquefying unit including a compressor having a vertically extending chamber for cooling fluid, an inlet to said chamber for cooling fluid, an outlet for cooling fluid located at the top of said chamber and an additional outlet located at the bottom of said chamber, said additional outlet being restricted to pass cooling fluid at a rate less than the rate of fluid flow through the inlet whereby said unit will automatically be drained of cooling fluid at each time the flow of cooling fluid thereto is cut off.

2. A water cooled refrigerant liquefying unit comprising means forming a chamber for cooling water, an inlet to said chamber for cooling water, an outlet for cooling water adjacent the top of said chamber and an additional outlet I a rate less than the rate 01- flow into said chamber, whereby the unit will automatically drain itself each time the cooling water flow is cut oil.

3. A water cooled refrigerant liquetying unit comprising means for translating and condensing a refrigerant, means for circulating cooling water in thermal exchange with said unit, means automatically causing the flow of water when said unit operates and stopping the flow of water when said unit stops, and means for automatically draining said liqueiying unit or water whenever said unit stops.

4. A water cooled refrigerant liqueiyins unit including a compressor and a condenser. means for circulating cooling water in thermal contact" with said condenser and compressor. means automatically controlling the flow of water to cause;

it to flow whenever the compressor operates and to stop whenever the compressor stops. and means automatically draining said unit ofwater when-' ever the compressor stops.

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