US2079477A - Photoelectric tube - Google Patents
Photoelectric tube Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2079477A US2079477A US577650A US57765031A US2079477A US 2079477 A US2079477 A US 2079477A US 577650 A US577650 A US 577650A US 57765031 A US57765031 A US 57765031A US 2079477 A US2079477 A US 2079477A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- light
- metal
- silver
- envelope
- sulphur
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PGWMQVQLSMAHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenesilver Chemical compound [Ag]=S PGWMQVQLSMAHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010034960 Photophobia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000013469 light sensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J40/00—Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas
- H01J40/02—Details
- H01J40/04—Electrodes
- H01J40/06—Photo-emissive cathodes
Definitions
- PHOTOELECTR IC TUBE Filed Nov. 27, 1931 meta/ht su/phide coated with a/ka/i mater/2L Inventors: $oicl iro Asao mlyukl nagashirna, by Their At-L r n'eg.
- the present invention relates to photo-electric tubes, more especially to those tubes which contain cathodes coated with silver or similar metal and on which alkali material is deposited.
- the object of the invention is to improve the light-sensitivity of tubes of this sort and the improvement is brought about by changing the usual treatment of the silver in forming the lightsensitive surface. Whereas it has been customary l heretofore to oxidize the silver prior to the deposition of the alkaline material thereon, we propose to convert the silver into the sulphide. The improvement has been found to result in tubes of considerably greater sensitivity than those here tofore fabricated.
- silver is first vaporized as a thin film onto the support member which ordinarily comprises a portion of the glass bulb.
- the film is then oxidized by admitting oxygen into the bulb andheating or subjecting it to an electric discharge, after which alkali metal such as caesium or rubidium is evaporated or sputtered onto the oxidized surface.
- the bulb is then slightly heated to allow removal of the excess alkali metal by pumping.
- the light-sensitive material is believed to consist of a thin film or monatomic layer of alkali metal adsorbed on the oxidized silver.
- the process of forming the sulphide may be carried out by admitting hydrogen sulphide or by introducing a lump of sulphur into the envelope in that part of the prior art process which ordinarily is occupied by the oxidation step.
- the 45 alkali metal adheres to the silver sulphide and the excess may be pumped out so as to leave a thin adsorbed alkali layer as in the case of the oxidized surface.
- the 50 light-sensitive material consists of a monatomic layer of alkali material on a base or foundation of silver sulphide, the light-sensitive material as a whole may exist in compound or mixture form of the various elements.
- numeral 1 designates an evacuated envelope l0 and numeral 2 refers to the improved light-sensitive surface. This surface contains a window for the introduction of light.
- the various metals which are deposited on the envelope may be evaporated or sputtered 15 and for the purpose of evaporation, filaments of each material may conveniently be provided in the center of the bulb.
- One such filament is illustrated and designated by reference character 4.
- a circular metal disk 5 is positioned between the filament and the window, said disk being mounted rigidly in a reentrant stem 8 which also supports the fila- 25 ment.
- a metal disk 1 positioned immediately above the reentrant stem, the function of the disk being to protect the stem from metal deposit.
- the light- 30 responsive surface may be sensitized to an even greater degree by forming thereon a thin film of metal, such as cadmium or gold.
- metals advantageously may be employed in connection with the sulphur treatment, with or without the use of oxygen.
- the gold may be readily applied to the light-sensitive surface by well known processes of vaporization or sputtering from a filament or other heated surface in substantially the same way as the silver is applied.
- the use of gold and similar metals for obtaining additional sensitization of alkali surfaces which have been previously oxidized, but not sulphurized, is disclosed and claimed in the patent application, Serial No. 539,383, Asao and Suzuki, filed May 22, 1931, entitled Photoelectric tubes and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention. This application has matured into Patent No. 1,936,419.
- a light-sensitive device comprising an envelope containing an electrode and a silver foundation metal on said envelope, a sulphur-containing coating on said foundation metal, and a layer of caesium on said coating.
- a light-sensitive device comprising an envelope containing an electrode and a foundation metal on said envelope, a sulphur-containing coating on said foundation metal, a layer of alkali material on said coating, and a layer of gold on said alkali metal.
- a light-sensitive tube comprising an envelope containing an electrode and a. layer of silver sulphide coated with alkali metal.
- a light-sensitive device consisting of an envelope containing an electrode, and a lightsensitive coating on said envelope, said coating including a noble metal and sulphur with a superposed layer of alkali material.
- a light-sensitive device comprising an envelope containing an electrode and a foundation metal on said envelope, a sulphur-containing coating on said foundation metal, a layer of alkali metal on said coating and a layer of cadmium on said alkali metal.
Landscapes
- Formation Of Various Coating Films On Cathode Ray Tubes And Lamps (AREA)
Description
May 4-, s, ASAO ET AL 2,079,477
PHOTOELECTR IC TUBE Filed Nov. 27, 1931 meta/ht su/phide coated with a/ka/i mater/2L Inventors: $oicl iro Asao mlyukl nagashirna, by Their At-L r n'eg.
Patented May 4, 1937 UNETED STATES PATENT (lFFl fiE PHOTOELECTREC TUBE Application November 27, 1931, Serial No. 577,650 In Japan December 30, 1930 6 Claims.
The present invention relates to photo-electric tubes, more especially to those tubes which contain cathodes coated with silver or similar metal and on which alkali material is deposited.
The object of the invention is to improve the light-sensitivity of tubes of this sort and the improvement is brought about by changing the usual treatment of the silver in forming the lightsensitive surface. Whereas it has been customary l heretofore to oxidize the silver prior to the deposition of the alkaline material thereon, we propose to convert the silver into the sulphide. The improvement has been found to result in tubes of considerably greater sensitivity than those here tofore fabricated.
In the manufacture of photoelectric tubes according to the prior art, silver is first vaporized as a thin film onto the support member which ordinarily comprises a portion of the glass bulb. The film is then oxidized by admitting oxygen into the bulb andheating or subjecting it to an electric discharge, after which alkali metal such as caesium or rubidium is evaporated or sputtered onto the oxidized surface. The bulb is then slightly heated to allow removal of the excess alkali metal by pumping. The light-sensitive material is believed to consist of a thin film or monatomic layer of alkali metal adsorbed on the oxidized silver. In accordance with the present invention, we propose to displace the oxidizing step referred to hereinbefore by a sulphurizing process, although as will be pointed out hereinafter, the improved step may be employed in addition to the usual oxidizing process. In either case, the use of sulphur has been found to produce marked increase in the sensitivity and performance of the tube.
The process of forming the sulphide may be carried out by admitting hydrogen sulphide or by introducing a lump of sulphur into the envelope in that part of the prior art process which ordinarily is occupied by the oxidation step. The 45 alkali metal adheres to the silver sulphide and the excess may be pumped out so as to leave a thin adsorbed alkali layer as in the case of the oxidized surface. While it is believed that in a tube, improved in accordance with our invention, the 50 light-sensitive material consists of a monatomic layer of alkali material on a base or foundation of silver sulphide, the light-sensitive material as a whole may exist in compound or mixture form of the various elements. Regardless of the exact 55 nature of the light-sensitive material, it is sufiicient to state that photo-electric tubes which have been treated with sulphur in vapor form are much more sensitive to an impinging light beam than are those which have been merely oxidized. While our invention is directed more especially 5 to the substitution of sulphur for the usual oxygen treatment, it also contemplates the use of sulphur in addition to oxygen.
In the drawing which exemplifies the invention, numeral 1 designates an evacuated envelope l0 and numeral 2 refers to the improved light-sensitive surface. This surface contains a window for the introduction of light. As stated hereinbefore, the various metals which are deposited on the envelope may be evaporated or sputtered 15 and for the purpose of evaporation, filaments of each material may conveniently be provided in the center of the bulb. One such filament is illustrated and designated by reference character 4. In order to prevent the material of the 20 filament from reaching the window which must be maintained transparent, a circular metal disk 5 is positioned between the filament and the window, said disk being mounted rigidly in a reentrant stem 8 which also supports the fila- 25 ment. There is illustrated a metal disk 1 positioned immediately above the reentrant stem, the function of the disk being to protect the stem from metal deposit.
It has been found further that the light- 30 responsive surface may be sensitized to an even greater degree by forming thereon a thin film of metal, such as cadmium or gold. These metals advantageously may be employed in connection with the sulphur treatment, with or without the use of oxygen. The gold may be readily applied to the light-sensitive surface by well known processes of vaporization or sputtering from a filament or other heated surface in substantially the same way as the silver is applied. The use of gold and similar metals for obtaining additional sensitization of alkali surfaces which have been previously oxidized, but not sulphurized, is disclosed and claimed in the patent application, Serial No. 539,383, Asao and Suzuki, filed May 22, 1931, entitled Photoelectric tubes and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention. This application has matured into Patent No. 1,936,419.
What We claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:
1. A light-sensitive device comprising an envelope containing an electrode and a silver foundation metal on said envelope, a sulphur-containing coating on said foundation metal, and a layer of caesium on said coating.
2. A light-sensitive device comprising an envelope containing an electrode and a foundation metal on said envelope, a sulphur-containing coating on said foundation metal, a layer of alkali material on said coating, and a layer of gold on said alkali metal.
3. A light-sensitive tube comprising an envelope containing an electrode and a. layer of silver sulphide coated with alkali metal.
4. The process of fabricating a photo-electric tube which comprises depositing a foundation metal on the interior of the tube, introducing a sulphide into the tube whereby the foundation metal is converted into a metallic sulphide, de-
positing on the sulphide a layer of light-sensitive material and coating said material with gold.
5. A light-sensitive device consisting of an envelope containing an electrode, and a lightsensitive coating on said envelope, said coating including a noble metal and sulphur with a superposed layer of alkali material.
6. A light-sensitive device comprising an envelope containing an electrode and a foundation metal on said envelope, a sulphur-containing coating on said foundation metal, a layer of alkali metal on said coating and a layer of cadmium on said alkali metal.
SOICHIRO ASAO. MIYUKI NAGASHIMA.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2079477X | 1930-12-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2079477A true US2079477A (en) | 1937-05-04 |
Family
ID=16548167
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US577650A Expired - Lifetime US2079477A (en) | 1930-12-30 | 1931-11-27 | Photoelectric tube |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2079477A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2574356A (en) * | 1947-01-21 | 1951-11-06 | Emi Ltd | Process of making photoelectric cathodes |
| US2844493A (en) * | 1955-02-11 | 1958-07-22 | Horizons Inc | High resistance photoconductor |
| US3313971A (en) * | 1960-02-29 | 1967-04-11 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Photosensitive element stable in air |
-
1931
- 1931-11-27 US US577650A patent/US2079477A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2574356A (en) * | 1947-01-21 | 1951-11-06 | Emi Ltd | Process of making photoelectric cathodes |
| US2844493A (en) * | 1955-02-11 | 1958-07-22 | Horizons Inc | High resistance photoconductor |
| US3313971A (en) * | 1960-02-29 | 1967-04-11 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Photosensitive element stable in air |
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