US2079337A - Typewriter - Google Patents

Description

May 4, 1937. w. c. ROE ET AL TYPEWRITER Original Filed Sept. 11, 1926 6 Sheets-Sheet l gmentow MY/lam 61 E02 fled J Heavens May 4, 193 7.

Original Filed Sept. 11, 1926 W. C. ROE ET AL TYPEWRITER 6 SheetsSheet 2 gnwnl'ou W'f/hrn C, E08 w Fred L}, Heavens y 1937. w. c. R OE ET AL 2,079,337

TYPEWRITER Original Filed Sept. 11, 1926 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 gnuentou W/fl/brn c. Poe Fred J Heal/ens I wwl CWWC/ Patented May 4, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE TYPEWRITER Original application September 11, 1926, Serial No. 134,882. Divided and this application 00- tober 22, 1930, Serial No. 490,466. Renewed May 5, 1934 11 Claims.

Our invention relates to typewriters and relates more particularly to typewriters adapted to be used in a telegraph typewriter system of the general type wherein a message transmitted from a station may be automatically received at a distant station and reproduced in printed characters thereat.

An object of our invention is to provide a typewriter for the transmission of such message which may be operated under the control of a keyboard such as is commonly used for ordinary typewriters, whereby no special training is required for its operation.

Another object of our invention is to provide a typewriter to be used in a telegraphic system which will not be substantially affected by the variation of voltage and frequency allowable in commercial electrical power plants nor be sub- %ect to a reduction in accuracy or efficiency there- Another object of our invention is to accomplish the continuous feeding of paper to the printing mechanism and to permit the loading of both sending and receiving machines with a suflicient paper for a considerable period of operation.

Another object of our invention is to accomplish a satisfactory speed of message transmission and reception, with a. minimum of wear on the typewriter.

Another object of our invention is to operate ribbon feed and reverse by a rack on a paper carriage. and only in the spacing direction of movement of the carriage.

Another object of our invention is to first raise a ribbon elevator by a printing hammer and then raise the printin? hammer by the stoppage of the ribbon elevator.

Another object of our invention is to provide a printing hammer in combination with a ribbon elevator whereby hammer action follows the movement of the ribbon elevator with a quick blow.

Another object of our invention is to provide a ribbon elevator in combination with a printing hammer, and a magnet and thus to accomplish several operations by a single tractive effort of the magnet.

Another object of our invention is to accomplish the bridging of a paper carriage and paper roll by a printing hammer and ribbon elevator mechanism.

Another object of our invention is to provide a traction system for a paper carriage having self-cleaning, self-aligning, and anti-friction truck and rails for the paper carriage.

Another object of our invention is to provide a paper shift in combination with a carriage return. 5

Another object of our invention is to provide an automatic releasing and locking (in two positions) clutching element.

Another object of our invention is to provide a clutching mechanism which after being tripped 1Q completes its cycle of operation automatically.

Another object of our invention is to provide a compensating carriage retriever and paper supply carried by the carriage.

Another object of our invention is to provide 15 relative positioning of a roll of paper, paper feed rolls, and guides, whereby the curl of the printed sheet is such as to cause the sheet, upon exit from the machine, to turn backward instead of forward.

Another object of our invention is to provide paper feed movements free for manual rotation in both directions when placing new paper supply in a carriage.

Another object of our invention is to provide a printing mechanism whereby the sequence of operation in the ribbon shift and hammer movement is always in the proper relation.

Another object of our invention is to provid a combined paper feed and carriage return mechanism whereby the paper feed is effected regardless of whether any carriage movement takes place or not.

Another object of our invention is to provide a paper roll, a paper carriage, and feed mechanism in combination whereby the paper is always in alignment with the paper guides and no mutilation of the edges of the paper will occur.

Other objects of our invention and the invention itself will become apparent from the follow- 40 ing description of an embodiment of our invention, and in which description reference will be had to the accompanying drawings, illustrating, mostly diagrammatically, the said embodiment.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows in schematic view the controlling apparatus for positioning the typewheel for printing operations in an embodiment of our invention;

Fig. 2 shows, mostly in section, a slipping clutch through which motion is communicated to apparatus of the embodiment of our invention herein illustrated and described;

Fig. 3 shows in isometric view a transmitter operator mechanism;

Fig. 4 is a view partly in section, showing the arrangement of portions of the apparatus of the transmitting mechanism of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of printing mechanism adapted for use in the said embodiment of our invention;

Fig. 5a is a view of some of the apparatus of Fig. 5 in side elevation;

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of paper carriage controlling mechanism adapted to be employed in the said embodiment;

Fig. 6a. is a side elevational view of a paper carriage and associated mechanism adapted to be employed in the said embodiment;

Fig. 7 is a view of controlling mechanism comprising a motor circuit switching means adaptable for use in apparatus of the said embodiment;

Fig. 7a is an end view of some of the appara tus illustrated in Fig. 7;

Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of some of the electric circuits which may be employed in the said embodiment of our invention;

Fig. 8a is a view of a circuit element of Fig. 8 but with certain of the apparatus thereof indicated in a different operative position;

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatical view of an electric circuit adapted to be employed in the said embodiment of our invention;

Fig. 10 is a diagram chart relating to character type selection;

And Figs. 11 and 12 are views of a contact finger and ratchet wheel, respectively, illustrated in Fig. 3.

In the above different figures of drawings, the same parts are designated by like reference characters.

In the following description of apparatus of the present application, such description will be had, in connection with a telegraph typewriter system, in which. the present invention may be advantageously employed, and which system is more particularly described and claimed in our co-pending application for United States Letters Patent, Serial No. 134,882, filed September 11, 1926, for Telegraphic typewriter systems and apparatus therefor.

Generally, such a telegraph typewriter system consists of a printing telegraph system com.- prising two or more printing telegraph machines; line circuits interconnecting the machines; each machine comprising an operating motor, a receiving mechanism and a transmitting mechanism, and transmitting and receiving circuits for the said transmitting and receiving mecha nisms, a start and a break typewriter key at each machine, and an electric switch operable by the start key adapted, when depressed, to effect the transmission of current over the line circuits to the distant machines and to effect the starting of the motors of all the machines in the circuit, means at each machine responsive to the starting of its motor adapted to effect continuous operation thereof independently of the position of said switch, the break key when operated adapted to disassociate the transmitting circuits from the line circuits and to associate the receiving circuits therewith, and discontinue the transmission of current to the distant machine over the line circuits.

It is also well to note, moreover, that operation of the receiving'station is controlled through the use of an impulse system of short and lon impulses, which makes it possible to transmit and select a comparatively large number of characters with few impulses and with a reasonably simple machine. Preferably, the transmission of the character impulses is accomplished ,with a standard typewriter keyboard, described herein, more fully described in our co-pending application for United States Letters Patent, Serial No. 134,882, filed September 11, 1926, for Telegraphic typewriter systems and apparatus therefor, hereinbefore referred to, though other types of transmitting apparatus may be employed.

Referring to Fig. l of our drawings at II we show a typewheel, upon which the printing type characters appear, having, in the embodiment illustrated, three rows of characters around its periphery, the three rows being herein arbitrarily called channels I, 2 and 3 (left to right) and, each row of three characters across the face of the wheel is herein arbitrarily called a division. The wheel is loosely mounted, but is keyed to the rotatable driven shaft 12 in such a manner that the wheel will rotate with the shaft at all times, but it can also be shifted longitudinally of the shaft at any time. The wheel has, in addition to the hole in its hub for the shaft 12, two separate holes near its rim through which two pins protrude, and which pins are carried by a yoke 13, which is rigidly secured to the shaft 12.- As. the shaft 12 is rotated the yoke and pins 14 will cause the typewheel to be rotated also, and at the same time, the wheel may be axially shifted longitudinally on the shaft and pins. This arrangement makes it possible to bring any one of the several printing type characters on the typewheel II to a position in alignment with the path of the printing hammer, later to be described. The selection of the individual characters in any one channel is accomplished by the operation of an escapement unit which will now be described.

Three escape wheels 15, 16 and 11 are preferably closely positioned together and associated as one unit in practice, but, in the drawings, these are shown separately, in order to better explain and illustrate the essentials and mode of operation of the unit. Escape wheel 15 has a definite number of teeth, the amount depending upon the largest number of divisions provided in any of the channels; one tooth is provided for each of the divisions thereof. Additional teeth may be provided for various purposes. Escape wheel 16 is preferably of the same general design, except that it has fewer suitably spaced teeth. Escape wheel 11 is also preferably of the same type with the exception that it has but one tooth. The

number and disposition of the teeth on the different wheels that make up the escapement unit are varied for reasons which will be apparent from the following description.

This set of escape wheels is rigidly mounted on shaft 12 and'rotates therewith. Operating in conjunction with, and, controlling the movement of the escape wheels is a set of two finger units, comprising pawls, l8 and 19, each finger unit being composed of a finger and a grooved sleeve I 06 capable of sliding on a shaft 80. Shaft 80 is pivoted at each end so as to oscillate to the limit of the finger movement on the escape wheels. Fixed to the center of shaft 80 is a hub 8|, to which is connected a link through which the oscillations are transmitted to the shaft. The hub also carries apin 86 which passes loosely through a hole in each of the two fingers and which communicates the oscillatory movements from the hub 8| to the fingers and at the same time permitting the fingers to move freely longitudinally of the shaft. The oscillatory, or rotary motion of the shaft 80 and fingers l8 and I9, is communicated through the link extending from the armature 85 of magnet 81. The armature 85 is pivoted on a pin 98 spaced therefrom toward the observer and spring 9| spaced from the pin toward the observer normally retracts it from magnet 81 and also keeps finger 18 in engagement with escape wheel 15 through the link connection. The horizontal motion of the fingers l8 and I9 is controlled by the magnets 89 and 88 through armatures 83 and 84. In their normal position the fingers I8 and 19 are in alignment with escape wheel 15, the finger l8 engaging same at the top. Should magnet 88 be energized, its armature 84 being engaged in the slot in the hub of finger 19 will cause the finger to move to the left along shaft 80 and align it with escape wheel 18. This same operation also takes place with magnet 89, armature 83 and finger 18, this finger aligning with escape wheel 11 when moved along the shaft 80 to the right.

When magnet 8'! is energized, armature 85 through its link connection to shaft 80 will cause finger 18 to move upward and free of the tooth of escape wheel 15 and bring finger l9 upward into engagement with anothertooth of the escape wheel 15.

The shaft 12 carries at its right hand end, one clutch element of a friction clutch 82, the second clutch element associated with the element 82 (see Fig. 2, to be described) being driven by an electric motor while the machine is operating. The shaft 12 is adapted to be driven through the friction clutch 82 by a motor driven shaft 92. During such periods wherein current is not applied to the magnet 81, the finger 18 holds the shaft 12 stationary, by engaging a tooth on escape wheel 15 and by virtue of the slipping occurring between the two elements of the friction clutch 82. Owing to the frictional drag of the clutch unit, there is applied to the shaft 12 a steady torque which causes rotation of this shaft at all such times when it is released by the escapement unit.

If now, energy is applied to magnet 81, fingers I8 and 19 will be raised, allowing the escapement unit and typewheel to advance one-half division, as finger 18 will release the tooth with which it is engaged and, finger 19 will engage with the approaching tooth on the under side of the escape wheel. When the magnet 81 is de-energized, the operation of the fingers will be reversed and the shaft and wheels will advance another half division. Each cycle as explained, will advance the typewheel one division, and, if a series of impulses is applied to the magnet 81 the typewheel will be advanced to some predetermined division, depending upon the number of impulses in the series.

As can be understood at this time, if all the escape wheels were divided into a great many divisions, it would require a long series of impulses to rotate the typewheel to the desired characters. This would require a comparably longer time for transmission so in order materially to reduce the number of impulses required for a definite number of characters and, consequently, to considerably reduce the time required for telegraphic transmission thereof, the escape wheel 16 is brought into operation through the shifting of finger 19, resulting from a movement of the armature 84, into alignment with escape wheel 15. Armatures 85 and 83 so differ from armature 84 in weight and other factors affecting their inertia and the forces effective upon them are so proportional that they differ in their rates of responsiveness to the operative magnetic forces exerted upon there characteristics to cause armatures 85 and 83 to respond very quickly whereby they will be actuated by both short and long impulses of current passed through their electro-magnets and armature 84 is relatively sluggish and responds only to longer continued impulses of current. From the foregoing, it is obvious that, if current is applied to magnets 81 and 88, at the same time, if only for a sufficiently short period of time, only armature 85 will operate and the typewheel will he stepped around accordingly, as before described; however, should a longer impulse be simultaneously applied to both magnets, both armatures 85 and 84 will be operated.

As before stated, upon each operation of the armature 85, the typewheel II will be ,rotatively advanced one division, and if the impulse should be a long one whereby armature 84 is also operated, finger 19 will be shifted over in alignment with escape wheel I6; if now the finger 19 comes into engagement with such a tooth on wheel 16. as may be disposed one division further around the wheel than the normal position of the finger, the typewheel will then be advanced but one division; however, should finger 19 be brought into relation with escape wheel 16 at a point where the approaching teeth in its rotation have been receded, the result of the longer impulse will be to allow the typewheel to travel a greater distance, or, several divisions depending upon the number of teeth omitted on the wheel in the distance moved. The typewheel can, therefore, be advanced to selected position much faster with fewer impulses than would be otherwise possible. It has been above stated that if finger 19 comes into alignment with a tooth on escape wheel 15 which follows the tooth in normal relation with the finger 19, the typewheel will be advanced but one division. Now, this condition holds good for the first two divisions that the typewheel is advanced by any series of impulses; the typewheel is never advanced more than one division for each of the first two impulses, whether they be long or short, due to the fact that there are two teeth provided on wheel 16 that engage with the finger 19 on the first two divisions, if the impulses received while the finger is aligned with wheel I8 are of the longer continued character.

This makes it possible to utilize the movement of armature 84 on the first two impulses for the shifting of the typewheel from its normal position in channel I, to either of the channels 2 or 3.

The shift and control of the typewheel is accomplished as follows:-Typewheel II is held in its normal position by arm 93 secured to the armature 94 of magnet I04 engaging within a slot in the typewheel hub 50 and, as shown, is'pivoted at its lower end. Any movement of arm 93 to the left, will cause typewheel H to be moved along the shaft 12 in the same direction and for the same distance. The movement of Wheel H through arm 93 is controlled by an escapement arm 95 and a pin 96. The arm 95 is pivoted at its extreme right end 48, which also carries a right angle slotted extension 49. It can be seen. that, if an impulse is imparted to the slotted extension, in line with the slot 41, and, in a left hand direction, the first tooth 46 in the'escapement which engages pin 96 will be lifted clear of the pin, and the arm 93 will ,move to the left until pin 98 engages the single tooth 45 on the lower side of the arm. Following the: impulse, the arm will drop back to its normal position, allowing the pin to shift from the lower to the second of the upper teeth 44 of the escapement. This permits an axial movement of the typewheel moved by the spring 91 an amount equal to the width of one channel and aligns the second channel with the printing hammer not herein shown but adapted to be reciprocated in a plane at right angles to the axis of the shaft 12 to compress interposed layers of typewriter printing ribbon and a sheet of paper upon which the typewritten record is to be made against the type raised characters on the typewheel H as hereinafter more specifically described. A second impulse to the arm will cause the wheel to be shifted to the third channel in the same manner as to the second, the impulses mentioned, being communicated to the arm 95 by movement of armature 84, which in turn operates responsively to long impulses of current through electromagnet 88.

By virtue of the axial positioning of the typewheel, controlled by the first two impulses in magnet 88 and due to the fact thatits armature 84 only operates responsive to the longer .impulses, the typewheel may be shifted to any desired channel by the transmission of the first two impulses of any series in a combination of long and short impulses. For example, although two short impulses will not effect the armature 84 to shift the wheel, one short and one long impulse will shift it to the second channel; two long impulses will shift the wheel to the third channel since the long impulses are effective to operate armature 84, which controls the actuation of escapement 95.

Contact between attracted armature 84 and escapement arm 95 would cause the type'wheel to shift from the first to the second or third channel; so it is desirable that this should not happen on any but the first two impulses in any one series since, otherwise, the desired selection would not be accomplished. To prevent such undesired operation, control over the escapement 95 is exercised by a cam 98 on the shaft 12 adapted to actuate a bafile plate element, comprising a sleeve I88 to one end of which is fixed an arm I 8| operated by cam 98, and to the other end a flexible thin metallic guard or baffle plate I82 is secured. This unit is free to turn on the shaft I83. When the arm I8I is, once during each rotation of the shaft 12, raised by the cam 98, the flexible guard or baffle plate is disposed directly between the projection 99 on armature 84 and a bifurcated end of the arm 95. The cam holds the baille plate in this position while wheel shaft 12 rotates two divisions from normal. Just before the third division is reached in the rotation of the shaft 12 the cam 98 releases the arm I8I and the baflle plate swings clear of, and out of alignment with the bifurcated arm of escapement95 and armature 84. In this position the armature has no effect upon the escapement 95 due to the projection 99 on the armature passing freely between the forks of the end of the escapement lever arm and the typewheel will remain in the position previously achieved through the influence of the first or second impulses of a particular series.

The typewheel is restorable to its normal position by the attraction of magnet I84 on the armature end of the arm 93. The armature 84 operates the typewheel shifting mechanism and armature 83 operates the paper carriage shift by actuating the paper carriage escapement pawl M; a projection on armature 83 is adapted to activate the escapement pawl 4| directly and at any time the armature 83 is moved. The carriage escapement is described elsewhere herein and may vary in construction, the usual typewriter spring-propelled carriage being suitable for the purpose.

The armature 83 engages the groove in the sleeve I86 of finger 18 and when magnet 89 is energized, its armature 83 will shift the finger 18 to the right and in alignment with escape wheel 11 which has but one tooth.

This operation permits the shaft 12 with all its associated units to return to normal position, after the second division in the revolution is reached. The single tooth TIA is in alignment with the normal position of the finger 18 on the escape wheel 15 and after one or more divisions have been traversed by the units on the shaft 12 and the finger 18 shifted to escape wheel 11, the shaft and associated units will continue to rotate for the remainder of one revolution after which the finger engages the single tooth 11A at which time the mechanism will again be in normal position. This restoring takes place after the selection and printing of each character, as the shaft 12 and typewheel 1I complete one revolution of each cycle of operation.

Cams I81, I88 and I89 operate contact combinations H8 and III and H2 at times predetermined by the radial disposition of the cams engagement with armature I I3 and holds same in an operated position in relation to the magnet H4 and keeps contacts II2 open. The relation and functioning of this combination will be explained later.

Springs such as 9|, 91, H5, H6, H1 and H8, are provided for the return operation of the armatures and all moving parts. II9 represents bearings for shaft 12. It will be understood that suitable adjustable stops of well known types, but not shown herein may be also provided to limit the movement of the several oscillating members.

The friction clutch 82 is a part of the selector unit and the clutch element thereof attached to the shaft 12 is shown (Fig. 2) as a hollow chamber or drum supported from one end by a sleeve encircling shaft 12. The clutch element thereof fastened to the drive shaft is shown as a block through which is cut a hole at a right angle to the shaft. Riding free within each end of this hole, is a thin sleeve into which is placed a friction pad of preferably fibrous material, such as felt which acts to frictionally engage the drum to rotate same when the clutch unit is assembled and operated. This block rotates within the drum and two springs pressing against the under side of the sleeves force the friction pads against the inner surface of the drum. With a tapered sleeve as shown on shaft 92 the springs can be adjusted to the right tension and a very smooth and positive operation of the clutch obtained.

The secured typewheel shift member 93 also operates the contact group 448, the right hand contacts being closed when the wheel is set in the first channel, and, the left contacts are closed when the wheel is in the second or third channel.

Transmitter Referring now to Figs. 3 and 4, wherein a unit of the transmitter is schematically shown, the transmitter comprises preferably a bank of units, each unit being substantially the same with the exception of the indentations in the periphery of cams thereof. As all units are alike in their construction, only one will be described, it being understood that a group of these units are assembled on a common shaft and disposed parallel with each other. The combination composing a complete unit comprises a key lever I20, a connecting rod I2 I, a set of escapement fingers I22 and I23, a ratchet wheel I24, a pawl I25, a slotted disk I26, a cam I21, a drive shaft I28, a contact finger I29, a finger shaft I30, a contact arm I3I and a set of contact springs I32. The shaft I28 is driven in any suitable way, such as by an electric motor, and keyed to the shaft is a ratchet wheel I24, which revolves with the shaft at all times. Closely associated with the ratchet wheel on shaft I28 is a cam I21, slotted disk I26 and a pawl I which as shown in Fig. 4 are combined as one unit on a sleeve. This unit is loosely carried on the drive shaft and is held stationary by the escape fingers when the unit is not being operated. The pawl is loosely mounted on the surface of the slotted disk adjoining the ratchet wheel and in such a manner that the hooked end can be engaged with the teeth of the ratchet wheel and, whereby the inside edge of the small right angle tail projection I30 on the pivot end of the pawl is parallel to, and, adjoining the slot I33 in the disk I20. An angularly disposed end I35 of the escape finger I22 is shaped so as to enter the slot in the disk and hold the pawl clear of the ratchet wheel, and at the same time keep the cam and the disk from rotating. Should the finger I22 be withdrawn from the slot in the disk, the pawl will be brought into engagement with the ratchet wheel by the pawl spring I36 and the cam unit will be carried around with the rotating shaft I28.

If now, the finger is released before one revolution of the disk takes place, the end of the finger will come into contact with, and ride on, the edge of the disk until such a time as it reaches the slot in the disk and the pawl thereon. Just before the end of the finger again enters the slot it will engage the angle portion 136 of the pawl, which at this time covers the slot due-to its being in engagement with the ratchet wheel, and, therefore, tipped at a greater angle, and will carry the same back and parallel with the slot. The pawl is thus disengaged from the ratchet wheel and the finger permitted to re-enter the slot, thereby locking the disk and cam against further rotation. This operation only obtains when the finger I22 is released before one revolution of the shaft I28 is completed, since if the finger I22 is held away from the disk for a greater period of time, the cam unit would make more than one revolution which is not desirable. The escapement action of the two fingers I22 and l23 and the pawl I25, provides for automatically insuring correct operation in this respect. The finger I22 is pivoted at 931 at its end, opposite the disk; the finger E23 is pivoted on the finger I22 at l3t about midway of its length. The right hand end of finger 23, adjoining the disk, is angularly so disposed and shaped as is the end of finger I22 so as to permit it to enter the slot in the disk and engage the end of the pawl, under certain conditions when obtained. The opposite attached at its other end to a support MI and disposed to exert an upward effort substantially in a direction at right angles to the main portion of the finger I22. The other fork I42 extends toward the pivot I31. The adjustable link I2I connects the end of the fork I42 to the key lever I20, the connection toI20 occurring at a point midway thereof.

If now, the key lever I20 be depressed, the link I2I will exert a downward pull on the extension I42 of the finger I23 and on the restoring spring I rocking the finger I23 counter-clockwise as viewed in Fig. 3. The opposite end of the finger I23 is thereby raised up against the disk by the rocking of finger I23 on its pivot I38 on finger I22.

During this movement of the finger I23, finger I22 will remain in its normal position, due to the relative positioning of the parts, the upward pull of the spring I40 being exerted on a three point supension, namely. the pivot rod I31 at one end, the disk at the opposite end and the pivot of finger I23 at its center. If, after the end of the finger I23 comes into contact with the disk, the link I2I is moved farther downward by depression of the key lever I20, the pivot point of finger I23 will be moved downward also, the end of the finger in contact with the disk acting as a pivot. As the finger I23 is pivoted on finger I22, this operation will cause finger I22 to be drawn down and rotated on its pivot rod I31 in the left-hand end. This movement of finger I22 will effect the withdrawal of its end I35 out of the slot in the disk and free the disk I26. At the moment the finger is withdrawn from the slot I33, the pawl will be spring pressed into engagement with the ratchet wheel, and thus, the cam unit will be rotated by the drive shaft. When one revolution thereof is nearly completed and the finger I23 is held against the disk by the pressure on the key lever, the end I43 of the finger I23 will enter the slot I33 and effect the disengagement of the pawl from the ratchet wheel, thus locking the cam unit as mentioned before. Now, the pressure on the key 120 being removed and the key returned to its normal position, the spring I40 will raise finger i222 into contact with the disk, after which with a continued upward movement of the key finger I23 will be withdrawn from the slot I33 and through the operation of the pawl and ratchet wheel the cam unit will be advanced until finger I22 enters the slot I33 and again releases the pawl and locks the cam unit.

The arrangement of the escapement as a whole is such that the cam unit will make but one revolution for each complete operation of the key lever, regardless of the length of time that the key lever is held in a downward position. The action of the two fingers on the disk and pawl is to always bring the idle finger into operative position before the withdrawal of the locking finger from the slot in the cam unit, the idle finger causing the release of the locking finger by the movement of the fulcrum points along the length of the fingers. The key lever used may be of the type common to all typewriters ard requires no explanation. The cam section of the unit just referred to has a toothed edge, the teeth being so disposed thereon as to operate the contact I32 according to the impulse code to be transmitted by that particular cam. In contact with and operated by the toothed cam is one end of a contact finger I29, this end of which holds a roller I44 for the reduction of friction between the finger and the cam. As shown in Fig. 111, the finger is constructed with a hole through the opposite end through which passes a finger shaft I30. An adjusting screw I45 is preferably provided in the end projecting beyond the shaft I30. The finger has a slot I46 throughout its length receiving the roller I44 at its one end and a pin I41 rests within the slot at the other end of the finger. The finger is loosely mounted upon the shaft I30 and directly in line with the slot, a hole being cut through the shaft at right angles thereto, into which is secured the pin I41. The slot I46 is of such dimension that the pin does not come into contact with the body of the finger, in its movement on the shaft, but the pin does engage the end of the adjusting screw I45 provided in that end of the finger.

It can be seen that an upward movement of the finger by the cam will cause the shaft I30 to be rotated, and also that the shaft could be-rotated in a clockwise direction, as seen from the right, without imparting any movement to the finger. Each time that the cam is rotated the irregular surface of the cam will cause the finger to be intermittently raised to impart movement to the shaft through the screw and pin, but in the case where two or more like cam units are mounted upon the same shaft, the operationof one cam and finger unit will not affect the others, as the shaft I30 can be rotated in a clockwise direction by any one unit and through the functioning of the screws and pins, the others will remain stationary.

Thus, a series of impulses are communicated to the contacts I32 through any contact finger I29 from one of a number of cam units without interference. The contact arm I 3| secured on shaft I30 causes the contacts I32 to be operated responsive to movements of any selected finger riding on the irregular surface of a cam. This construction makes it possible to use but one set of electrical contacts for an indefinite number of cams resulting in a comparatively simple but positive impulse transmitter. Shaft I28, which is the power driven shaft, is preferably equipped with bearings, not shown, as is also the shaft I30, as indicated at I54. In operating the transmitter, the depression of any key will cause the cam associated with that key to make one revolution. Each cam, having a different series of teeth on its edge, will cause its associated contact finger to oscillate the finger shaft, which in turn will close and open the set of contacts I32 in unison therewith. In this way thedesired series of impulses, corresponding to any character, can be transmitted over a wire. A further explanation of its relation to the line and selector will be found elsewhere in the description.

Paper feed and carriage return cludes the carriage frame, the paper feed rolls,

the carriage and paper shifting rack and gears, the driving clutch} the spacing ecapement gears, the paper shift ratchet and the carriage rollers and track. The paper carriage consists of two parallel end frame members, one of which is shown in dotted lines at I5I in Fig. 6a secured together by connecting bars, which act also as spring supports, stops, etc., the spacing between the frame members being sufficient to accommodate a roll of paper I52, the feed rollers I56 and I51 and the paper line spacing mechanism, the preferred relation of the equipment being indicated in Fig. 6a.

Four grooved rollers I55 are disposed one at each of the four corners of the carriage frame having the end frame members I5 I to permit the frame to travel on a pair of preferably circular rails fixed to the machine bed 43. The roll of paper I52 is placed upon a movable shaft I58 which is suspended on and between. the end frame members I5I of the carriage, the ends of the shaft being so reduced in diameter as to enter and rotate freely in a slot I59 in each end member. After the paper is placed in the carriage, the free end of the paper is directed between the two feed rollers I56 and I51, which feed and control the movement of the paper through a set of vertical guides I60 that direct the paper upwards and over the top of the machine'to cause it to pass between the typewheel H at the rear of the carriage and the inking ribbon I6I and printing hammer 291 at the front.

The paper roll being mounted upon and moving with the carriage continuously is in alignment with the feed rolls and guides and, therefore, the paper will not have its edges entangled in the guides and mutilated, rendering the machine inoperative. The lower ends of the paper guides I60, as well as the inner guide I15 are so shaped that the end of the paper will be directed to and between the feed rollers I56 and I51 and upward through the vertical guides when the paper roll is inserted in the carriage and rotated in the proper direction.

Knobs are provided in connection with the shaft ends of the top feed roll in order to rotate same when the paper is being threaded through its channel. As can be noted, although the paper might be fed into the feed rolls from the bottom, rather than from the side of the roll, this half turn of the paper around the upper feed roll takes a part of the curl from the paper and leaves just enough as to cause the paper to follow over the back of the machine after it passes out of the guides at the top of the carriage.

It is evident that to reverse the direction of rotation of the paper roll in the carriage would mean that the paper would travel over and in front of the carriage and keyboard, and would not only interfere with the operation of the machine but would cut off all visibility in'respect to the printing. As the roll of paper is free to rotate in the carriage the feed rolls I56 and I51 unwind the paper from the roll I52 and force it up through the guides I 60 and I 15 and out of the top of the carriage, passing the typewheel and the printing apparatus.

On one end of the feed roll shaft I56 is a ratchet wheel I62 which is engaged by a pawl I63 pivotally carried on the lever arm I64. The arm I64, pivoted at one end, terminates in a roller I65 atv the other, which roller contacts with the cam I66 on the carriage return rack I61. The lower end of pawl I63 rests on a pin I68 when in its normal position. The angular position of the spring I69 relative to the pawl and arm, causes the pawl and arm to be drawn downward and at the same time brings the pawl into contact with the pin. The movement of the lower end of the pawl over the pin swings the upper end away from, and free of the ratchet wheel which permits rotating of the paper feed rolls in either direction during the threading of the paper.

If now the roller end of the arm I64 be raised, the pawl 'will be carried away from the pin and the upper end of the pawl will engage a tooth in the ratchet wheel. A further movement of the arm will rotate the ratchet wheel and feed the roller until the arm movement is arrested, to'

move the paper up through the guides a definite distance. The number of teeth in the ratchet wheel will determine the movement of the paper since each movement of the arm turns the ratchet and roll the distance of one tooth space. To insure an accurate line shift spacing of the paper an indent roller HI and leaf spring 69 are associated with the ratchet wheel and are adapted to center the ratchet wheel.

Mounted upon the back of the paper carriage is the toothed return rack I61 for the return of the carriage to its right hand position on the machine, effective to shift the paper each time that the carriage is returned. The rack is slotted at I12, Fig. 6, near each end and is suspended on the carriage by two screws I13 passing through the slots and into the frame end members II of the carriage. Through the screw and slot suspension, the rack can be moved a definite distance lengthwise along the carriage, being restorable to normal position by the spring I14. Mounted upon the rack I61 and in line with the paper shift arm I64 is a cam I66.

Each time that the rack is moved along the carriage on the screws I13 the cam will raise the shift arm by virtue of the roller carried on its end, riding up the incline on the top edge of the cam. This causes shifting of the paper in the carriage, an amount equal to one typewritten line for each movement of the rack.

When the end of the slots in the rack engage the screws I13 a further movement of the rack will pull the carriage along its track to the end of its travel across the machine. Should the carriage be in its extreme starting position on the right hand end of the machine and the rack be moved on its supporting screws the paper will be shifted up but no movement of the carriage will take place. The mechanism for moving the rack I61 to shift the paper or to shift the paper and return the carriage will now be described.

Engaged with the rack is a gear I16 combined as a unit with a helical gear I11 which rotates on a stud I18. The helical gear is meshed with a similar gear I19 on the drive shaft I80.

This gear carries two pins I8I projecting from one side thereof with which two like pins I82 in a sliding sleeve I83 are adapted to engage. The sleeve I83 is loosely carried on the drive shaft 180, but is keyed to the shaft and rotatable thereby. The key pin I84 in the hub of the sleeve extends into a slot I85 in the shaft. If the sleeve is moved along the shaft until the pins carried on the sleeve I83 engage those carried by the gear I19 the shaft will cause the gear combination I16I11 to rotate, which in turn will move the rack I61.'

Engaging within a slot in the sleeve I83 is one arm of a bell crank I86 which is pivoted at the junction of its two arms. It engages a pin I81 on a lever arm I88 at the end of the second arm. The lever arm I88 is pivoted at 209 at one end and extends to a point in line with the movable rack I61 on the carriage, this extension carrying an adjusting screw I89 which contacts with the end of the rack. The lever I88 is also tied to the bell crank I86 by a spring I90. About the center of the upper arm of the bell crank I86 is a pin I9I which engages a hook on the pawl Cooperating with the armature I93 is a magnet I96 and upon energization thereof the mechanism will operate to return the carriage as will presently appear.

When the armature I93 is attracted by the magnet I96 it will, through the pawl I92, move the bell crank I86 on its pivot, to cause the sleeve I83 to be moved along the shaft I86 to effect interlocking the pins I8I of gear I19 with the pins I82 of the sleeve. At the same time the lower arm of the bell crank lever I86 is raised above the pin I81 in the lever arm I88 and this arm will then be drawn against a pawl I91 by the spring I90. As the lever arm I88 moves over toward the pawl I91 the pin I81 will be projected under the lower arm of the bell crank I 86, looking it against return to normal position and locking the clutch pins into clutching engagement. The drive shaft I80 through the clutch and gears now causes the rack I61 to move the carriage, if the carriage is not in its extreme right hand position, until the end of the rack I61 contacts with the contact screw I89 of the lever arm I88.

Continued motion of the rack will move the lever arm I88 back to its normal position, thereby increasing tension of the spring I90 and freeing the lower end of the bell crank lever I86 from the locking action of the pin I81, releasing the bell crank which will be returned to normal position, and disengaging the clutch and locking the lever arm I88 in normal position.

Near the extreme end of the stroke of the armature I93 above referred to the extension of pawl I92 makes contact with the stop member I94 giving the hooked end of the pawl I92 a downward motion to disengage the hooked end of pawl I92 from the pin I9I in the bell crank. freeing the same to permit it to return to normal under the control of lever arm I88.

By virtue of this disengagement of the pawl, current through the magnet I96 may be prolonged indefinitely without interfering with the disengaging of the clutch. Provision is also made for the engagement of the clutch elements I8II82 when the carriage has reached its limit of movement across the machine toward the left and it is required that the carriage be returned to the opposite end by the motor, not shown, driving shaft I80. This is accomplished by actuation of the lever arm I98 and the connecting rod I99. When the carriage travels to the left end of the machine the fixed rack 208 comes into contact with the upper end of the lever arm V I98, moving it against the power of the spring 20I. Connected to the arm I98 and bell crank I86 is the connecting rod I99, one end of which is hooked into a hole 220 in the arm I98 and the other end of which is passed around the upper arm of the bell crank lever I86 and has its extreme end then bent at a right angle, to engage the bell crank to move the same whenever pulled by the arm I98. As the carriage moves along, the rack 200 will move the arm I98 and the rod I99 until the hooked end 42 of the rod I99 operates the clutch mechanism in the same manner as before described for operation by the movement of armature I93.

By operating a set of contacts 202 by movement of the lever arm I98, the carriage may also be returned by the energization of the magnet I86 by current caused to flow through normally open contacts of the set 202. By energizing the magnet I96 the carriage can be brought to its starting position at any time, or it will be always automatically returned to this position upon reaching the extreme opposite position on the machine; also the paper will be shifted upward each time that the carriage is moved to return it or as many times as is desired after the carriage has reached its limit of return travel by energizing the magnet I96 a corresponding number of times.

To prevent the paper carriage from spacing when the carriage and paper are being shifted, the small bell crank lever l91 above mentioned is positioned between the fixed rack 200 on the carriage and the lever arm I88. At such times when the lever arm I88 is in an operated position, during the time the clutch is engaged, the lever arm will contact with the projection on the bell crank lever I91 and by rotating on its pivot, the bell crank lever will engage with teeth on the fixed rack 200 with its hooked end and prevent it and the carriage from moving in a spacing direction, but as the hooked end of the bell crank lever I91 has a beveled end face it will not arrest movements of the carriage in the other direction.

While the carriage is being returned to the start position, the beveled end of the bell crank lever will cause it to ride over the teeth on the rack, the spring I90 acting as a tension member through the lever arm I88.

. The following description applies to the driving of the carriage in the spacing direction. Attached to the fixed rack 200 on the paper carriage is one end of a tape 203, the other end of which is wound around a tape drum 204, carrying a gear 205. 'Both gear and drum rotate on the stud 206.

, Meshed with the gear 205 is a sector gear 201, pivoted at its lower end and operated by the spring 208. By virtue of the pull exerted by the spring 208 the sector gear 201 will exert. a rotational effort upon the gear 205 and the drum 204, winding the. tape on the drum and pulling the carriage across the machine when released by an escapement mechanism comprising a double acting pawl 4|, and escape wheel 23!. The "angular position of spring 208 in relation to the sector gear 201 is preferably such that when the sector gear is at that one extreme position wherein the spring 208 exerts the least effort upon it, a line through the pin 2l8 and the center of the sector pivot stud will be disposed substantially at right angles to the spring 208.

Such an arrangement results in the spring 208 exerting an effort through greatest leverage, upon the sector gear at the time that the spring is extended the least and, results in a more even torque being applied to the drum 204 by the spring at all points in its rotation, causing the tractive effort exerted upon the carriage by the spring to be nearly equal throughout its travel.

Supported upon the fixed frame of the machine, is the escapement unit comprising a gear wheel 230 meshed with the rack 200 and having a ratchet Wheel 23| rigidly secured to one face thereof. This gear and ratchet wheel rotate on a stud 2| I fixed to the machine frame.

Co-operating with the ratchet 23! is the double acting pawl 4| which permits the ratchet wheel to advance one tooth for each oscillation. This pawl is operated in one direction by a spring 233 and in the other by the armature extension 83 as shown in Fig. 1. Upon armature 83 being operated by its magnet 88, the escape or ratchet wheel 23I will be advanced one tooth as will the gear 230, the rack 200 and the paper carriage, the stepping of these parts being imparted by the spring 208.

When the carriage is being returned by power of the motor as before described, to the starting position, the pawl and the ratchet wheel will, through their angle of contact, act in a wellknown manner as a free escapement and exert but little retardation on the carriage.

Fig. 6a shows the relation of the paper carriage parts to the typewheel 1|, printing hammer 291 and carriage supporting tracks. The paper can be spaced upward, the carriage can be returned to the starting position, and the carriage moved in a step-by-step manner across the machine as the printing goes on, every operation being accomplished automatically or manually as desired.

It will be understood that suitable bearings and supports are provided for all parts throughout the machine, these being well understood and omitted herein for simplicity of illustration of the operative parts. The V-shaped rollers and round tracks upon which the paper carriage travels, comprise a self cleaning and self-aligning traction system and practically eliminate any interference or undue friction because of accumulation of dirt.

Ink ribbon feed and printing mechanism A standard typewriter ribbon l6l is preferably used for the ink supply for printing purposes and we preferably employ improved mechanism to control the movements of the ribbon during the printing process. This mechanism is so arranged that the ribbon is moved in a fully automatic manner whereby the machine may be operated to receive telegraphic messages when unattended.

With this in view we provide a pair of ribbon roll carrying spools 24| and 242 which are mounted upon and loosely keyed to the upper ends of vertical shafts 243 and 244, respectively. These shafts are driven by gear pinions 245 and 246, respectively, through universal joint connections 241 and 248, respectively; which are so made as to comprise laterally extending arms 249 carried by the ends of the shafts 243 and 244 projecting within an upper bifurcated clutch element swiveled at 249 upon the upper ends of shafts 250 and 25l, and upon which latter shafts the pinions 245 and 246 are rigidly secured.

While both of the shafts are free to rotate, the ribbon can be withdrawn from either spool and rewound on the other spool by rotation of the shaft carrying the latter. The shafts 250 and 25l are each journaled at 252 and 253, respectively, in the shiftable plate 254. The sliding plate is adapted to be moved longitudinally upon the retaining pins 255 which have enlarged heads with reduced shanks passing through longitudinally extending slots 256 disposed at each end of the sliding plate. The universal joint connections 241 and 248, permit lateral displacement of the shafts 25l and 250 relative to the shafts 243 and 244, whenever the sliding plate 254 is shifted longitudinally to displace laterally the shafts 250 and 25!, and the gears are carried with the shafts at such time.

In alignment with the spur gears 245 and 246 carried on the lower ends of shafts 250 and 25!, are a pair of spur gears 251 and 258 which are so disposed that when the gear 246 is in mesh with the gear 258, the opposite set of meshable gears 245 and 251 will be demeshed. Contrariwise when the gears 245 and 251 are in mesh the gears 258 and 246 will be demeshed.

The gears 251 and 258 are meshed with and driven by atrain of other gears from a common driving pinion 259. The intermediate gear for the gear 251 being shown at 260, and for the gear 258 there is provided an interconnecting gearing comprising a pinion 26! having an enlarged gear portion 262, affixed thereto and a pinion 263 intermediate the gear portion 262 and the pinion 259. Non-rotatably secured on the gear pinion 259 is a ratchet wheel 264. Journaled on the shaft carrying the pinion 259 and the ratchet wheel 264 we provide a gear 265 in mesh with a rack l2 rigidly mounted upon the front of the paper carriage and longitudinally reciprocable therewith a pawl 266 is pivoted at 261 upon the upper face of the gear 265 as is also a leaf spring 268 which engages with the ratchet wheel 264. This arrangement permits relative rotation of the gear pinion 259, with respect to the gear 265, in but one direction. By virtue of this arrangement the pinion 259 is caused to rotate in one direction, when the gear 265 is rotated, but upon opposite rotation of the gear 265 no rotation of the pinion will occur.

Therefore when the carriage to which is secured the rack I2 is moved in a spacing direction both trains of gears meshed with the pinion 259 are driven thereby but when the carriage is returned to start the printing of a new line there will be no driving of the pinion 259 and the trains of gears in mesh therewith. To more positively prevent improper rotation of the trains of gears upon a return movement of the carriage, because of possible frictional effect in the escapement comprising the pawl 266 and ratchet wheel 264, we provide an additional spring pressedpawl 269 to prevent rotation of one of the gears in one of the trains, here shown as the gear 263.--

The above arrangement is provided for the purpose of preventing rotation of the ribbon spools 24! and 242 during the return movement of the carriage and to provide for a step by step rotation of the ribbon spools as commonly required in typewriting apparatus during spacing movements of the carriage, and upon spacing movements that spool whose driving pinion 245 or 246 is in mesh with the intermediate trains of gears driven by the pinion 259, it will be rotated to wind the ribbon l6! upon it.

Parallel to the shafts 2.50 and 25! are provided the shafts 212 and 213 which are journaled at each end to the main frame 4!]. Attached to the 'lower end of the shafts 212 and 213 in proximity of the fixed bearings 21! are a pair of short lever arms 28!] and 28!. Carried by the upper, end of each of the shafts 212 and 213 are arms 216 and 211 having rollers journaled in the outer ends. the ribbon rolls 24! and 242. held in engagement with the ribbon rolls by means of coil springs 214 and 215 substantially about the upper part of the shafts 212 and 213. The springs are secured at one end 36 and 39 to the main frame and are coiled about the shafts and are-secured to the opposite end of the These rollers 218 and 219 bear upon The rollers are roller arms 216 and 211. The shafts 212 and 213 being parallel to the shafts 256 and 25!, and the' arms 216 and 211 being of suitable length, the rollers carried by the arms 216 and 211 will swing toward the center of the ribbon spools, and are caused to follow the ribbon during the winding and unwinding of the ribbon fspools on or off by the action of the springs 214 and 215. As shown the ribbon rollers are supplied with the maxi-- mum and minimum diameter of ribbon rolls thereon. Ribbon roller 24! is at the minimum diameter and ribbon roller 242 is at the maximum diameter. It will be seen that any change in the diameter of the ribbon on the rolls will exert varying movements upon the arms 216 and 211 which in turn cause the shafts 212 and 213 to be rotated, transmitting a pivotal movement to the lever arms 26!) and 28!.

Carried by the plate 254, and in close relation with the gears 251 and 258, are two pawl members 282 and 283. The pawls are normally held in operative position against the stop pins 284 and 285 by the spring action exerted by the flat springs 286 and 281 secured to the plate 254. The pawls are pivoted to the plate 254, the outer ends being shaped so as to provide a lug on one side thereof to be engaged by the short arms 286 and 28! while the opposite sides of the pawls are provided with a sharp tooth. The outer ends of the pawls terminate in a projection on which the springs 286 and 281 exert their force toretain the pawls in inoperative position.

As shown the plate 254 is in its maximum left hand position relative to its support. In this position the tooth on the pawl 282 is disposed in substantial radial alignment with the center of the gear 251, while the pawl 283 in its shifted position is left of the radial center of the gear 258. If the gear 251 is rotated by the carriage, and in the direction of the arrow, and if the pawl 282 is pushed against its spring and into engagem'ent with the gear 251 this gear will draw the pawl along with it until a time is reached when the pawl is released. The pawl being attached to the plate 254 it too will be moved in the direction of the arrow by the active gearuntil the pawl is released.

Engagement of the pawl with the gear wheel is brought about by the roller arm 216 contacting with the ribbon spools 24!, so that when the diameter of the ribbon on the roll reaches a predetermined minimum the roller arm will transmit a rotary motion to the short lever arm 28!) so as to abut against the lug 36 on the pawl 282. The rotary motion to the short arm is transmitted by the shaft 212 herebefore described in detail. The same operation is efiected by the ribbon roll 242 and roller arm 211 on the pawl 283 when the ribbon has been exhausted to the minimum from the ribbon roll 242.

Heretofore we described the engagement. of the pawl and the gear whereby the plate is shifted in the same direction as the gear is rotated. Inasmuch as the plate and pawl move more rapidly than the lever arms 216 and 211 the pawls are carried away from the gears 251 and 258 by the force exerted by the springs 286 and 281 when the short arms are moved away from the pawls, and the pawls are accordingly returned to inoperative position against the stop pins 284 and 285.

To overcome any friction between the pawl and the gear wheel we have provided a means to cause disengagement. Preferably the means provided consists of a pawl 290 pivoted to the main frame of the machine and held in one of two notches 238 and 239 provided on one side of the plate 254, by the force exerted by the spring 289 supported on the main frame of the machine. It will be seen that shifting the plate 256 in either direction by the gears 25! or 258 shifts the pawl 290 from one notch in the plate and the spring forces the same into the other notch. In this manner the plate 254 is held in position until the ribbon is exhausted from one of the ribbon ro1ls. It will also be seen that any friction between the pawls and the gears while in engagement with each other, will be overcome by the snap action of the pawl 290 in entering one of the notches on the plate 250. In this way the plate is carried ahead faster than the speed of the gear thereby allowing the pawls 282 and 293 to return to inoperative position.

When the plate 253 is shifted to the left the gears 246 and 258 are in mesh while gears 205 and 251 are separated, likewise the shifting of the plate 254 to the right will cause gears 205 and 257 to mesh, while gears 246 and 258 are disengaged. From the foregoing it is evident that as the gear trains herebefore described, are rotated by the carriage rack, and the gears 205 and 206, when either is in engagement with the train gears, the ribbon rolls will be rotated in one direction or the other, depending upon which of the gears referred to are meshed, thereby causing the unwinding of the ribbon from the free ribbon "roll and winding the ribbon on the driven roll. It will be noted that, although one ribbon roll is termed a free ribbon roll, the roller arms 216 and 2 11 act as brakes by virtue of the tension exerted on the roller arms by the springs 2M and 215.

The winding and unwinding operation of the ribbon spools takes place in either direction until a time'when the ribbon on the free ribbon roll reaches a' predetermined diameter, at which times, the reversing mechanism herebefore described automatically shifts the gears 245 and 246.

A side view of the printing apparatus is best shown in Figs. 5a and 6a and will be hereinafter more fully described.

The ribbon is guided through a pair of guide slots provided in the ribbon elevator 35 and in the upper portion thereof. The ribbon elevator is supported by a pair of parallel arms 305 and 306 which are pivoted at one end 304 to the main frame of the machine and at their opposite ends are secured to the elevator 35 by studs 295. Car ried by the elevator 35 and above these studs are two small rolls 294 adapted to rotate on a vertical axis to reduce the friction between the ribbon and the guide slots as the ribbon passes the type wheel. I

In normal position the elevator used is in such a position as to leave the top of the ribbon slightly below the point of contact with the paper 33 which receives the printed characters. When the elevator member 35 is raised upward against the stop pin 296 the ribbon will be carried upward in direct alignment with the characters on the typewheel H. Thus a clear vision at all times'may be had by the operator, except when the printing operation is taking place. The elevator member 35 is forced upward into printing engagement by the action of the printing hammer arm 291, armature arm 301, and magnet 300, which will be hereinafter described more in detail.

Disposed below the elevator 35, substantially at right angles thereto is a curved armature arm 30? pivotally supported on a shaft 308 and adapted to support on its outer end a magnetic pole piece 299. Upon the end of the armature arm 30! is pivoted the printing hammer 291. Disposed below and in alignment with the pole piece 299 is an operating magnet 300 supported on the main frame in such a way that the energizing of the same attracts the pole piece 299 downward rocking the arm 30! causing the printing hammer 291 to be swung upward on its pivot 34 to effect the printing on the paper 33.

The printing hammer is composed of two L- shaped pieces 302 one of which appears in the drawings joined at the ends of their long arms andsecured to the hammer head 29'! in any well known manner.. The shorter arms of the L- shaped members 302 have bearings 303 adapted to support a roller 30! journaled to freely rotate therein. The long arms of the members 302 normally rest on the shaft 308, adjacent the hammer head 291. A screw 309 is also provided to limit the downward movement of the armature and hammer, and is preferably adjustable to vary the movement of the armature arm 301.

The action of the above in the elevation of the ribbon and printing hammer is as follows:

When the magnet 300 is energized the armature pole piece 299 is drawn downward raising the curved end of the armature and the hammer. If the operation were slow and the elevator relatively heavy, the roller 30! journaled in the short end of the arm 303 of the hammer, would be forced under the spacing stud 293 and the hammer would be raised up and against the paper at a point below the proper printing position, and the ribbon would not have been raised.

The above described operation of the combined unit is effected by the speed of operation, and the relative positioning of the different cooperative parts. The arms of the hammer unit are set at such an angle from the vertical and the hammer is made of such a weight, that a certain resistance to the movement thereof around the pivot 303 results. The angular relationship of the roller .30! to the spacing stud 293 is substantially 45 degrees which tends to,

cause an upward thrust on the elevator 35.

Cooperating with the previously mentioned factors is the elevator which should be so proportioned in weight as to offer a certain resistance to the raising of the hammer. When its function is completed, the quick movement of the armature 301 by the magnet 300, is resisted by the angle and weight of the hammer and the angular relation of the roller 30! and the stud 293. The force resulting from this reaction is all applied to the stud 293, accordingly the elevator 35 will be raised to a position governed by the stop 296. At the end of this movement the relation of the roller 30! to the stud 293 is such as to cause the roller to travel under the stud 293 causing the upwardly swinging action of the hammer on its pivot toward the typewheel 'Il.

As the hammer is raised and rotated around its pivot the angle between the roller and the stud gradually decreases until a point is reached where the movement of the roller is in a horizontal plane. At this point the roller will ride under the stud while the hammer will continue its arcu-. ate movement until it strikes the type wheel ll.

It will be seen that the action of the roller and the stud forces practically all of the power to imtially lift the ribbon elevator. The hammer is then started slowly in its travel toward the typewheel, the speed being increased until the roller leaves the stud and the hammer completes its stroke. In this way the ribbon is raised up in front of the type wheel while the printing hammer is caused to strike the ribbon, forcing it against the paper causing the type wheel to impress a character on the paper.

The relative positions of the various parts of the units just described are best shown in Figs. 5 and 5a.

The ribbon and the printing mechanism is preferably located centrally and in front of the paper carriage. The ribbon elevator 35 and the armature arm 301 spanning the paper roll I52 on the carriage bring the ribbon and the hammer in close proximity of the typewheel as will be seen by reference to Fig. 5a.

The control of the electric circuit to the magnets 300 will be hereinafter fully described.

Motor and line switch Included in the machine is a mechanism for the switching on and off, of the motor, the switching of the line circuit to the sending, receiving and stopped condition, and a time limiting or time delay action for stopping the machine automatically after a predetermined time penod has elapsed. This-unit is power driven with the exception of the two manually operated buttons provided at the right and is controlled by the buttons, the two magnets and paper carriage.

The power employed to drive the machine is preferably an electric motor. Suitable switches are provided to start and stop the motor at times desired so that the machine does not operate continuously but is always under the control of the operator who may be at any machine of the system. The motor switch heretofore referred to is of the toggle type, and the switch blade is operated in one direction by the motor and is returned by a spring. We have arranged preferably two L-shaped levers 3H) and 3| l which are supported on a common pivot 3|2, one of these members extending upwardly and to the right while the other member extends upwardly but horizontally in the opposite direction. The L- shaped lever 3| 0 is provided on its lower end with an insulator portion upon which is fastened a contact plate 6|. When in the operative position shown the contact plate 6| engages two fingers 3|4 completing an electrical circuit through the fingers 3|4 to the motor.

The right hand portion of the L-shaped lever 3 is tapered downwardly to insure engagement with the armature 3|5. Disposed at equal distances between the ends of the L-shaped levers 3|0 and 3 are preferably pins 3|6 and 3|! which support a spring 3|8 in its stretched position. The function of the lever 3 is to raise the spring 3|8 upwardly until it passes above the pivot 3|2. This action will give to the lever 3||I a snapping upward movement and if the lever 3 is lowered so that the spring 3|8 passes below the pivot stud 3|2, the L-shaped lever 3||l will be snapped down into contact with the fingers 3|4 again.

The vertical section of the L-shaped lever 3 extends above the periphery of the gear 3|9. Carried on the face of the gear 3|9 is a pin 320 which is carried around as the gear 3|9 is rotated in the direction of the arrow and which is capable of striking the L-shaped lever 3|! a d, moving the same to the left until the pin passes over the end of the L-shaped lever 3. As the pin 320 moves the L-shaped lever 3 to the left, the horizontal section of the L-shaped lever 3 will be raised on its pivot 3|2 above the armature 3|5. The end of the bevel portion of the L- shaped lever 3 then passes into the notch in the armature 3|5 and the armature 3|5 will be drawn over by the spring SH and caused to pass under the lever 3 locking the same in this position. Simultaneously the pin 320 on the gear 3|9 passes the point of contact with the L-shaped lever 3. This operation opens the niotor switch and it is locked by the armature 3 5.

Carried by the main frame of the machine and the L-shaped lever 3 is a spring 322 which is secured to the L-shaped lever near its bevel end. The function of the spring 322 is adapted to draw the L-shaped lever 3| I downwardly when it is released by the armature 3|5.

The armature 3|5 is operated by energizing the magnet 323. When the armature is moved. to the right it will release the L-shaped lever 3| l which will be drawn downwardly by the spring thereby closing the switch. The movement of the L-shaped lever 3") in opening and closing the switch also operates the contacts 324 through the insulating stud 325. In opening the switch only the L-shaped lever 3 0 operates a horizontal bar 326. The function of the bar 326 will be hereinafter more fully described.

Associated with and driven by the motor is a gear 321 and a train of gears 328,329, 330, 33 and 332, the ratio of these gears being such as to give a predetermined reduction in speed between gear 328 and 332. The driving gear 32l'being engaged directly with the gear 328, an operation caused by the gear 328 will be fairly fast relatively to the speed of the gear 321 and any function caused by gear 332 will be much slower depending upon the gear train ratio select-ed for a definite interval of time.

Disposed directly in front and below the axis of the gears 328 and 332 are two gears 3|9 and 333 all of equal size. These gears are intermittently meshed with the two driving gears 334 and 335 and are driven when so meshed by the companion gears 328 and 332. As the three sets of gears referred to above operate in a similar manner their locking and releasing operations are alike. The functions of gears 328, 3|9, and 334 will now be described. 7

Gears 328 and 3|9 are mounted on parallel axes of rotation, each facing the other with a slight clearance between them so that when the gear 334 is brought into mesh with the two gears 328 and 3|9, by swinging on the pivot 336, the lower gear 3|9 is driven by the upper gear 328 through the gear 334 as best shown in Fig. 7a. It will be seen that gear 3|3 receives an intermittent rotary motion by being meshed or unmeshed with the gear 334. Relative spacing of the gears 328 and 3|9 is important in this operation. It will be seen that if the gears were in alignment and the gear 334 was in engagement with the gears 328 and 3|9 the angle of the teeth on these gears when in contact with each other, and when power is applied to gear 328, and a load applied to gear 3|9 the idler gear 334 would be forced out of engagement with the other gears 328 and 3|3. Should the centers of the gears 328 and 329 be spaced a given distance apart the angles of the teeth on the gears, relative to each other, would be in opposite order and the idler, 334, would be drawn closer between the gears 3|9 and 328 and ultimately locked in this position while power was applied to gear 328 and a load maintained on gear 3).

Any action of this kind by the gears 3218, 3l9 and 334 is overcome by spacing the driving and the driven gears in such a manner as to bring the angles of contact between the teeth of the gears and of the idler into substantially parallel planes. This results in the idler gear when released, meshing with the gears 328 and 3H), and remaining in meshed position until the load is removed or the gears unmeshed. The difference in the angle of contact of the gear teeth is substantially zero and the slight locking which takes place is not to such an extent as to render the separation of the gears difficult.

When the gear 334 is meshed with gears 328 and 3 I 9, it is necessary that the idler gear bec'ome properly meshed with both the gears 3 I3 and 328. This action is assured by placinglthe are through which the center of the gear 334 travels at such position that the gear 334 will always contact with the driving gear 328 first which will draw the idler gear 334 into mesh with the driven gear 3| 9. Gear 334 is loosely journaled in the upper end of a bell crank lever 33! which is pivoted to the main frame at 336 and swung to the left by a spring 338 and in the opposite direction by a pin 339 carried on the bar 326.

The bell crank lever 337 is beveled at the end of the horizontal section which is engaged by the armature 340. The armature normally holds the bell crank lever 33'! in a position disengaging gear 334 from gears 328 and M9. Should the lever 331 be released by the armature 340 at a time when the motor switch is closed and gear 328 is being rotated, the spring 338 on the bell crank lever 33! will bring the gear 334 into mesh with the gears 328 and 3l9. Gear 3!!! will now be rotated in the direction of the arrow, carrying the pin 328 around into contact with the upper end of lever 3| I. Continued rotation of gear 3l8 will open and lock the motor switch as heretofore described and simultaneously the vertical section of the lever 3 i 8 strikes a pin on bar 326 shifting the bar to the right. This movement of the bar 326 by means of the bell crank lever 33! disengages the gear 334 from its companion gears. Bell crank lever 33'! will be locked in this position by the armature 34ll and the spring 34L In this manner the motor switch can be closed by the energizing magnet 323 and is opened by energizing magnet 342.

Referring more particularly to the time limiting feature for the opening of the switch which functions substantially the same as the motor switch proper, in regard to intermittent drive by the gear train, through the idler gear 335 and gears 332 and 333. The idler gear 335 is carried on a vertically disposed lever 343 which is pivoted at its lower end 344 to the machine frame and extends upward in line with the fixed rack 268 on the paper carriage i I. The lever 343 retains the gear 335 in engagement with gears 332 and 333 by the action spring 346 during the time it is not in contact with the rack 288, or shifted to the right by the pin 341 on the bar 326. The engagement of gear 335 in mesh with gears 332 and 333 slowly rotates gear 333 at this end of the gear train at a reduced speed in the direction of the arrow.

Upon the face of gear 333 a stud 338 is carried which is held against a stop lever 349 by means of preferably the spiral spring 355, one end of which is attached to the pin 348 in the gear wheel 333 while the other end is secured to the stationary bearing 35! upon which the gear 333 rotates. It will be seen that should the gear 333 be turned in a clockwise direction and released, it will be returned to its normal position with the pin 348 against the stoplever 349 by the spring 350. Rotation of the gear 333 far enough, will cause the pin 348 on this gear 333 to strike the upper end of lever 352, pivoted at its center to the main frame of the machine, thereby contacting its lower end to operate the armature lever 348 to the right.

Operation of the armature 340 by the lever 352, will release bell crank lever 331 thereby opening the motor switch as heretofore described. With the operation of the switch lever 3l0, the bar 326 is shifted to the right and the pin 34'! in the bar 326, to the left of lever 343, will shift lever 343 and, in turn the gear 335 out of engagement with its associated gears. As soon as gear 335 is released from gear 332 gear 333 will be returned by the spring 350 to normal position, and gear 335 will be held out of engagement with gears 332 and 333 as long as the motor switch is open. It will be re-engaged with gears 332 and 333 the moment the switch is closed provided the paper carriage is not in the starting position.

Each time the paper carriage is returned to starting position by the motor, the rack 200 will strike the lever 343 and dis-engage the gear 335 from gears 332 and 333 allowing the gear 333 to return to normal position. The motor has now been started by the operation of the motor switch and consequently the switch member 3W will release bar 326 and the spring move the bar 326 to the left. The lever 343 is then released by the pin 34'! in the bar 326 and the gears '332, 333, and 335 are meshed and slowly rotate the gear 333.

Assuming that the rotation of gear 333 will bring the pin 348 into contact with the member 352, thereby opening the motor switch at the end of a five minute period of time for example, if return of the paper carriage does not take place during this time, the machine will be automatically stopped. However, if carriage is returned to its starting position at any time during this five minute period of time, the carriage will strike the lever 343; the gear 333 will be returned again to its normal position. There is preferably a five minute interval of time between the last operation of the carriage, the starting of the machine, and the moment when the machine will be automatically stopped. The machine will continue to run, if the printing is not stopped, for a. greater period of time than that for which the time limit mechanism is set. The interval of time for which the automatic operation of the motor switch is set can be varied by changing the distance between the pin 348 and the stop lever 343.

Any suitable means may be provided to mount the pin 348 so that its position may be adjustably varied by minute amounts. A parallel motion is given the bar 326 by pivotally supporting it on preferably two links 354 and 355 at each of its ends. These links are pivoted upon the frame of the machine. Mounted upon the same pivot journaled with link 354 is a hooked pawl 356 with three extension arms, the lower arm being turned at its extremity at substantial right angles to and in alignment with the link 354, the end 353 will of the upper arm being in cooperative relation with the button 357. Both the bar 326 and the pawl 356 are operated in one direction by the spring 353. When the bar 326 is moved to the right, the link 354 will raise the hooked end of pawl 356. The pawl 356 can also be operated by the button 351 without rocking the bar 326.

Stopping the motor will shift the bar 326 to a right hand position accordingly releasing gears 334 and 335, and raising the hook on the pawl 356 above and clear of the upwardly central projecting contact 358 in the group 359. Theright hand contacts in this group will be closed and the left hand contacts will be opened. As described in another part of the specification closing the left hand contacts of group 359, completes the line circuit through magnet 323 and the line battery. Energization of magnet 323 by the line battery operates the motor switch.

The contacts of group 359 are operated by the starting button 360, which, when pressed into engagement with the long contact spring 358 will bring the end of the spring in engagement with the hooked end of the pawl 356 and simultaneously with the moment of contact between the springs, the motor switch will operate toallow the hook on the pawl 356 to drop and hold the contacts in position shown in 8a. while the start button 366 is released.

The contacts are held in this position as lon as the machine is operating as the transmitting machine. This position is also maintained until the contacts 359 are released by manually actuating the transfer button 351 which connects the machine for receiving only, or when the motor switch is operated by other means as mentioned otherwise. Figure 7a. is a side view of the idlers 336 and 335 and their companion gears. A full detailed description of operation of the complete unit in co-operation with the rest of the machine having been given in another portion of the specification.

Line circuit and operation The two line circuits are best shown in diagrammatic views Figs. 8 and 8a. Fig. 8 has one line relay which energizes a secondary circuit of the machine when sending and receiving, while Fig. 8a. has a separate line relay for sending and for receiving which willbe hereinafter more fully described. The use of two relays is advisable in cases where there is considerable leakage in the circuit between two machines, as the individual relays can be adjusted to suit the condition under which they would function when used for one operation only.

The source of current is preferably at the transmitting end of the system. The relay at this end is subjected to varying operating characteristics different from that of the receiving relay at the opposite end of the line.

Only in cases of extreme line leakage is the circuit of Fig. 8a necessary. The operation is the same in both circuits with the exception of the dividing of the incoming and outgoing impulses between relays 36! and 362 in Fig. 80 At 364 and 363 is represented the line terminals of the machines by which they are connected. Dotted lines representing line circuit conductors TM and 162 interconnecting the circuits of Fig. 8 and Fig. 8a, indicate how two machines comprising transmitting and receiving elements may be interconnected by line conductors. Either of the machines may be of the two-relay (Fig. 8a) or one line relay (Fig. 8) type.

The transmitting and receiving circuit is completed through the two machines. When a ma-,

chine is not in use, the circuit can be traced as follows; from terminal 363, through conductor 365, motor switch magnet 323, conductor 368, contacts 324 and 361, conductors 369 and 310, contacts 359 and 358 and then from conductor 313 to terminal 364. This is the normal circuit when the machine is idle. Should current now be supplied to terminals 363 and 364 from another machine, the trip magnet 323 of the motor switch will be energized, the insulator portion 325 of the motor switch will reverse contacts 3|3, 361, and 32B. Reversing the contacts of group A will complete the circuit for receiving, from conductor 365 through conductor 316, contacts 3I3 and 361, conductor 368, line relay 36l and conductors 311 and 310, as heretofore described.

The contact group A short circuits the line relay 36l and closes the circuit through trip magnet 323 when normal, and the reversal of the group A by the motor switch short circuits trip magnet 323 and closes the circuit through the line relay 36L When current is supplied to the terminals at this time, the line relay 36l will be operated by the received impulses and will close a local circuit in themachine.

Reviewing the foregoing when the machine is idle, trip magnet 323 is connected into the line circuit, and an incoming impulse will, cause the trip magnet to release the motor switch, starting the motor and the machine; the switch 361 will cause reversal of the contact group A, short circuiting the trip magnet 323 and finally connecting into the circuit line relay 36!.

The resistance of magnet 323 and relay 36l being the same the switching arrangement makes it possible to change from one function to another without any change in the loop resistance of the line circuit, and two or more machines can be switched in or out of the line circuit without a change in the value of the line resistance.

The line circuit and its equipment, as just described, applies to the machine acting as a receiving machine and being controlled at one end of a circuit by a transmitting machine at the other end of the circuit. At the transmitting end, the circuit through the machine, when in operation, diirers from that of the receiver because the transmitter unit must be included in the circuit. The setup and operation of the circuit and apparatus in the transmitting machine follows, when two machines are connected together, but idle, the line complete through the trip magnets 323 of each machine. When it is desired that the machines be started, current is supplied to the line momentarily to operate the motor switch trip magnet 323. This is accomplished by the operator pressing the start button 368 which must be operated to its limit of movement thereby opening contacts 358 and 359 and closing 312, 358, and 319.

The line circuit is now complete in both machines from terminal 363 through conductor 365, trip magnet 323, conductors 386 and 368, contacts 361 and 313, conductors 369 and 395, line battery, conductors 39I and 392, contacts 312 and 358 through conductor 313 to terminal 364.

The current from the battery 314 will operate the trip magnets of both machines, and the motors will be started. Y

In the receiving machine, only the reverse operation of the contact group A will occur when the motor switch operates, but at the transmitting machine, together with the operation of the contact group A, the pawl 356 releases the hooked end so as to overlap the upper end of contact 358. When the pressure is removed from the button 366 the spring contact 358 will engage the ill pawl 356, opening contacts 312 and 319 but keeping contacts 313 and 358 closed. The contacts 312 and 319 when closed, short circuit the open contacts I32 on the key transmitter completing the line circuit through the battery, but when the button is released and the pawl 356 engages the contact spring 358, as shown in Fig. 8a, the transmitter contacts 132 will be connected in the line, from terminal 363 through conductors 365 and 316, contacts 361 and 3H3, conductor 368, relay 36I, conductor 395, battery 314, conductors 39I and 396 to the transmitter contacts I32, from contacts I32 through conductor 391, contacts 319 and 358 and conductor 313 to terminal 363.

In the manner set forth the line relay is the same both for the sending and the receiving machine, but the transmitter contacts and line battery are connected into the line circuit at the transmitting machine. When two complete machines are connected to a line, either machine can be set up as a transmitter or receiver depending upon which of the machines the starting button 360 is pressed. The transfer button, 351 makes possible the quick change in the line circuit from transmitting to receiving while the machines are running. When the machines are in operation but the transmitter keys of the sending machine are not being operated, the transmitter contacts I32 remain open thus opening the line circuit. If while a message is being received from the transmitting machine should the receiving operator desire to stop the transmission of the message, the starting button 360 is pressed. This, through its contact group B, opens the line circuit at the contacts 359 and 358, at the receiving machine. This stops all transmission over the line and indicates to the trans-- mitting operator to set his or her machine for receiving.

This is accomplished by operating the transfer button 351 which trips the pawl 356 and allows contacts 358 and 359 to complete the circuit from terminals 363 to the relay 36I.

Manipulation of buttons 360 and 351 allows for transmitting correspondence over a line in either direction at will. As stated heretofore, circuits in Figs. 8 and 8a are similar except as to the relay 36E which is reversed with respect to conductor 395 as shown in Fig. 8a. The relay 362 being added to the conductor 390 in the transmitter circuit. The machine is stopped by sending a particular series of impulses over the line circuit by the transmitter which operates magnet 332 (Fig. '7), indirectly causing the motor switch to open. In Fig. 8a, the contacts or relays 36I and 362 are preferably placed in multiple.

The opening of the motor switch, through the insulator 325 reverses the contact at A and releases the pawl 356 causing reversal of contact B. It is apparent that the opening of the motor switch puts the line circuit and apparatus in its normal or inoperative position ready for the starting impulse at the desired time.

Machine circuit and operation The circuit of the complete machine is preferably divided into three divisions viz; the .line circuit that has heretofore been described, the

first secondary circuit that is controlled direct- 1y by the contacts of the line relay, and the second local circuit that is controlled by the contacts of the slow release relay and the cam or. armature operated contact groups. The first secondary circuit is, best shown in Figure 9, in heavy lines and designated circuit A. The other circuit is shown in light lines and designated circuit B.

The power supply for the local magnets is received from the generator 401 coupled to and driven by the motor, not shown, which has been heretofore mentioned as the source of driving power for the machine. The line relay through the conductors i and MI receives the impulses set up by the transmitter, and through the energizing of the armature 303 to swing contact 63 into closed or opened position with relation to the second circuit through the magnets 88, 81, and H3 and the generator 301 in unison therewith.

Magnet 30 oscillates finger 19 on long impulses only. Relay magnet II is rendered slow-releasing by short circuiting one or more turns of its winding, or otherwise, and functions to keep the second local circuit open during the reception of a series of impulses.

The second circuit can be traced from the line relay contact 63 through conductor M3 circuit A to conductors 408 and 409 where it is divided into a multiple circuit through magnets 88 and 81. Conductor M0 connects magnet 88 and the slow release relay H4 through conductor M I, generator 301 and conductor M2, to armature 403 of the line relay. A combination of net 31, and also controls the channel position of the typewheel II.

Relay H3 is also effected by all the impulses,

but due to its low release action it will remain operated during the reception of a series of impulses keeping the second local circuit open during this period and stopping the printing or other functions. During the time when no impulses are being received, cam I09 keeps the armature H3 in operative position, opening the second local circuit through contacts I I2. The foregoing action saves time and the operation is more positive. The armature H3 is always in the operated position when the first impulse of any series energizes magnet H4 and it is only necessary that the armature be held in this position during the first impulse by cam I09, the remainder of the series holding armature in attracted position through magnet H4.

Cam I09 only engages the armature arm H3 at the first division of the typewheel H and the first impulse of any series moves the cam H09 ahead of armature I I3, during the remainder of the revolution and until the typewheel is returned to the first division, the armature H3 is free to drop back and close its contacts H2 when not attracted by magnet I I4.

In this manner the second local circuit is held openatcontacts H2 when no printing is being performed through the cam I09 and during the reception of impulses by magnet H4 but soon after the last impulse is over the arma-

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