US2078007A - Process of making articles having the appearance of pearl - Google Patents
Process of making articles having the appearance of pearl Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2078007A US2078007A US26933A US2693335A US2078007A US 2078007 A US2078007 A US 2078007A US 26933 A US26933 A US 26933A US 2693335 A US2693335 A US 2693335A US 2078007 A US2078007 A US 2078007A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- article
- pearl
- pearly
- substance
- appearance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanine Chemical compound O=C1NC(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2 UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001795 light effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940079938 nitrocellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/18—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
- B05D1/20—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping substances to be applied floating on a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
- B44F9/00—Designs imitating natural patterns
- B44F9/08—Designs imitating natural patterns of crystalline structures, pearl effects, or mother-of-pearl effects
Definitions
- My' invention relates to the manufacture of articles having the general appearance of motherof-pearl and similar materials whether natural or artificial, the surface of which havefpe'culiar 5 light effects caused by the 'presence'of minute particles either of fish scale substance or substitutes therefor, or other finely divided substances such as aluminum and bronze powders, and the so-called artificial pearl substances which reflect or transmit light in different directions and in varying amounts according totheirposition in the material, such substances being conveniently called pearly substances. It is believed that the pearl effect from such materials is relatedto the position of the individual particles with respect to each other, and to the surface of the sheet. In this art, thisrelation has been referred to as orientation.
- the particles of the pearly substance may be transferred to an article by bringing the surface of the article into contact with the surface of the carrier film as it floats on the bath, and the layer of material thus transferred to the surface of the article will have the optical effect of pearl mate-- rial.
- the film is so flexible and plastic that it conforms to the shape of the surface of the article even though'it be irregular, as forexample a tooth brush handle, knob or spool. ;:-,The whole or only a part of the surface of the article may be 40 coated.
- This process makes it possible to use a. relatively small amount of the pearly substance because it is applied to the surface of the article only and is not distributed throughout the whole mass.
- transparent plastic may be employed and this may be colored either uniformly or in varying degrees or colored, translucent, opaque or variegated materials may be employed.
- articles of other substances for instance,
- wood or metal may be coated by my novel meth- 0d.
- thecoating mayioften befacilitated by the application of suitable priming coats.
- a transparent protective-coat may be applied.
- the carrier liquid from which the is formed is any liquid-which will retain the pearly substance in suspension and will adhere to the article to be coated
- a lacquer such as a cellulose ester or ether lacquer which may itself be transparent or may be colored as required for the particular efiect to be produced.
- the pearly materialin the coating vmaybe any of a number of substances.
- pearl essence obtained from fish scales, certainmetallic powders, such as aluminum powder, bronze powder and the like, and in fact any finely, divided -substance which producesitherequired light effect.
- the bathon which the mixture of carrier liq,- uid and pearly substance isfloated is some liquid which is not-a solvent for the solid constituents of the carrier liquid, although it maybe-miscible with one or more of the solvents used'to make. up the carrier liquid.
- water is satisfactory; 1
- the article -t o -be coated maybe a sheet which is subsequently cut up;or formed into the final. product or it may be a completely finished article, as for instance atooth brush handle. 'When aformed article is to be coated this can be done-by slowly submerging the article in the bath on which the mixture floating.
- the coating maybe done by bringing the surface of thesheet progressively into contact with the mixture floating on the bath, additional coating mixture being supplied as required.
- acetone tends to produce a more marked pearl mottle than either ethyl acetate or butyl acetate
- diluents such as coal tar solvents, petroleum naphthas or alcohol
- the base material is formed into a sheet or'sheets of the desired size and thickness, and may even be in the form of a continuous sheet or web. It may be'made of transparent, translucent or opaque stock, and may be colored with varying colors as required. Very attractive effects are producedby using mottled sheet stock. I then mix a transparent pyroxylin lacquer and natural pearl essence, for,
- This lacquer may be composed, for example, as follows: 1 pound of second nitrocellulose, pound dibutyl phthal- The solselves'in patternsl' After the film is formed on the bath, the surface of the sheet is brought into contact with the film thereby transferring the film with the pearly substance therein to the surface of the sheet. In practice it is desirable after the coating layer has been allowed to form on the surface of the bath to allow the solvent in the coating material to evaporate somewhat thereby causing thecoating to harden slightly before-the article to be coated is brought in contact'with it.
- priming or under coat may be omitted according to circumstances.
- the article is prepared, the, surface being activated by the application of solvent or not as required, the article is slowly submerged in the bath on which floats the ornamental coating which has preferably been allowed to harden slightly by the evaporation of solvent and preferably removed therefrom through a part of the surface of the bath which is not covered by a film.
- the evaporation of solvent in this case should not be allowed to proceed too far. It is important that the coating be still so flexible and plastic that it con forms readily to the surface of the article and adheres strongly thereto, producing a uniform coatover the whole article. Any other convenient method of bringing the surface of the article or the portion thereof which it is desired to coat intocontact with the layer of coating material floating on the surface of. the bath may be employed.
- the sheets are dried and will be found to have an excellent pearl effect with the use of a relatively smallamount of pearly mateture on a bath of liquid in a sufiiciently thin'film to produce orientation of the pearly substance and thereby orienting the particles of the pearly substance, andthen bringing the article to be coated'into contact with the mixture.
- the process of making imitation pearl tooth brush handles which consists in mixing a pearly substance with a suitable liquid to form a carrier film and in an amount to produce orientation, floating the mixture on a bath of liquid as a sufficiently thin filmto produce orientation of the pearly substance and bringing the surface of the tooth brus'hhandlc into contact with the carrier film.
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
Patented Apr. 20, 1937 UNITED STATES.
c c 2,078,001 c p c PROCESS OF MAKING ARTICLES HAVING THE APPEARANCE F PEARL Jacob Lurie, Springfield, Mass, assignor to The 'Fiberloid Corporation, Indian Orchard, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts I No Drawing. Application June 17, 1935,
' Serial No.,26,933
3' Claims. (CI. 91-58) My' invention relates to the manufacture of articles having the general appearance of motherof-pearl and similar materials whether natural or artificial, the surface of which havefpe'culiar 5 light effects caused by the 'presence'of minute particles either of fish scale substance or substitutes therefor, or other finely divided substances such as aluminum and bronze powders, and the so-called artificial pearl substances which reflect or transmit light in different directions and in varying amounts according totheirposition in the material, such substances being conveniently called pearly substances. It is believed that the pearl effect from such materials is relatedto the position of the individual particles with respect to each other, and to the surface of the sheet. In this art, thisrelation has been referred to as orientation. Heretofore the maximum efiect has been accomplished byextruding thefmixture or the plastic material containing the pearlysubstance through a suitable orifice, then cutting the material into small pieces;' laying them at random angles and compressing into a solid block which is then'sheeted in the usual Way.
I have discovered, however, that if a liquid conveniently called a carrier and containing the pearly substance is floated on thesurface of a bath of another liquid, as for instance water, the particles of the pearly substance may be transferred to an article by bringing the surface of the article into contact with the surface of the carrier film as it floats on the bath, and the layer of material thus transferred to the surface of the article will have the optical effect of pearl mate-- rial. The film is so flexible and plastic that it conforms to the shape of the surface of the article even though'it be irregular, as forexample a tooth brush handle, knob or spool. ;:-,The whole or only a part of the surface of the article may be 40 coated.
This process makes it possible to use a. relatively small amount of the pearly substance because it is applied to the surface of the article only and is not distributed throughout the whole mass.
Since these pearly substances are generally expensive, this results in substantial saving. Furthermore, by choosing the color and nature of the material of which the article to be coated is made, very pleasing and unusual efiects can be produced.
For instance, transparent plastic may be employed and this may be colored either uniformly or in varying degrees or colored, translucent, opaque or variegated materials may be employed. Likewise articles of other substances, for instance,
wood or metal, may be coated by my novel meth- 0d. In such case, thecoating mayioften befacilitated by the application of suitable priming coats. When desired a transparent protective-coat may be applied. I I
, The carrier liquid from which the is formed is any liquid-which will retain the pearly substance in suspension and will adhere to the article to be coated In practice it is convenient to use a lacquer ,such as a cellulose ester or ether lacquerwhich may itself be transparent or may be colored as required for the particular efiect to be produced. c
The pearly materialin the coating vmaybe any of a number of substances. For instance, pearl essence obtained from fish scales, certainmetallic powders, such as aluminum powder, bronze powder and the like, and in fact any finely, divided -substance which producesitherequired light effect. For convenience, I employ the term pearly substance to cover all such materialsii- The bathon which the mixture of carrier liq,- uid and pearly substance isfloated is some liquid which is not-a solvent for the solid constituents of the carrier liquid, although it maybe-miscible with one or more of the solvents used'to make. up the carrier liquid. For ordinary purposes water is satisfactory; 1
The article -t o -be coated maybe a sheet which is subsequently cut up;or formed into the final. product or it may be a completely finished article, as for instance atooth brush handle. 'When aformed article is to be coated this can be done-by slowly submerging the article in the bath on which the mixture floating. When a sheet is tob'e coated, the coating maybe done by bringing the surface of thesheet progressively into contact with the mixture floating on the bath, additional coating mixture being supplied as required.
The nature of the ingredients of the carrier liquid affects the pattern produced; thus acetone tends to produce a more marked pearl mottle than either ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, while the addition of diluents, such as coal tar solvents, petroleum naphthas or alcohol, also changes the appearance of the mottle noticeably, andcamphor produces a peculiar pattern.
The effect of'a solvent seems to vary with its rate of evaporation and the extent of its miscibility with water. This indicates that the pattern of the pearl mottle is dependent upon the interfacial forces set up between the lacquer and the water phases.
As an illustration of one method of practicing the process comprising my invention, the following procedure for producing sheets having a pearly surface appearance may be followed. The base material, whatever that may be, is formed into a sheet or'sheets of the desired size and thickness, and may even be in the form of a continuous sheet or web. It may be'made of transparent, translucent or opaque stock, and may be colored with varying colors as required. Very attractive effects are producedby using mottled sheet stock. I then mix a transparent pyroxylin lacquer and natural pearl essence, for,
example in the proportion of "5 to 10 parts of essence to 100 parts of lacquer. This lacquer may be composed, for example, as follows: 1 pound of second nitrocellulose, pound dibutyl phthal- The solselves'in patternsl' After the film is formed on the bath, the surface of the sheet is brought into contact with the film thereby transferring the film with the pearly substance therein to the surface of the sheet. In practice it is desirable after the coating layer has been allowed to form on the surface of the bath to allow the solvent in the coating material to evaporate somewhat thereby causing thecoating to harden slightly before-the article to be coated is brought in contact'with it. If this is done it is also desirable to soften the surface of the article to be coated by applyingto it by dipping, spraying or fuming a littleiof assuitable solvent. This activates the surface and causes the coating to adhere more 40 satisfactorily. In practice, I find that by this procedure more satisfactory results are'obtained, particularly since there isless trouble with air bubbles This method which includes hardening a floating coating and then applying'it; to an article, the surface of which has preferably been activated by the application of asolvent, has application to other articles-than those which are to be given a, pearl-like appearance and therefore ismade the subject of a separate application and isnot claimed herein.-
,If an article such as a tooth brush handle, knobror spool is to be coated, the same procedure is followed except that the'article, if it be of a material such as wood or 'metal, may be first coated with a. suitable primer or under coat to which the ornamental coating will adhere. The
priming or under coat may be omitted according to circumstances. After the article is prepared, the, surface being activated by the application of solvent or not as required, the article is slowly submerged in the bath on which floats the ornamental coating which has preferably been allowed to harden slightly by the evaporation of solvent and preferably removed therefrom through a part of the surface of the bath which is not covered by a film. The evaporation of solvent in this case, however, should not be allowed to proceed too far. It is important that the coating be still so flexible and plastic that it con forms readily to the surface of the article and adheres strongly thereto, producing a uniform coatover the whole article. Any other convenient method of bringing the surface of the article or the portion thereof which it is desired to coat intocontact with the layer of coating material floating on the surface of. the bath may be employed.
A'fter coating, the sheets are dried and will be found to have an excellent pearl effect with the use of a relatively smallamount of pearly mateture on a bath of liquid in a sufiiciently thin'film to produce orientation of the pearly substance and thereby orienting the particles of the pearly substance, andthen bringing the article to be coated'into contact with the mixture.
2 The process ofmaking imitation pearl sheets which -consists in mixing a pearly substance with a suitable carrier liquid andin an amount to produce orientation, floating the mixture on a bath of water to form a carrier film of suflicient thinness to produce orientation of the pearly substance andbringing a sheet of cellulosic material into contact with the carrier film. r
3. The process of making imitation pearl tooth brush handles which consists in mixing a pearly substance with a suitable liquid to form a carrier film and in an amount to produce orientation, floating the mixture on a bath of liquid as a sufficiently thin filmto produce orientation of the pearly substance and bringing the surface of the tooth brus'hhandlc into contact with the carrier film.
JACOB LUR-l'iii.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US26933A US2078007A (en) | 1935-06-17 | 1935-06-17 | Process of making articles having the appearance of pearl |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US26933A US2078007A (en) | 1935-06-17 | 1935-06-17 | Process of making articles having the appearance of pearl |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2078007A true US2078007A (en) | 1937-04-20 |
Family
ID=21834636
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US26933A Expired - Lifetime US2078007A (en) | 1935-06-17 | 1935-06-17 | Process of making articles having the appearance of pearl |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2078007A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2964486A (en) * | 1957-06-24 | 1960-12-13 | Napoleon M Bernier | Coating composition |
| US3125484A (en) * | 1959-11-12 | 1964-03-17 | Flexible plastic sheet haying | |
| US3219734A (en) * | 1961-06-19 | 1965-11-23 | Mearl Corp | Method of making nacreous cast plastic exhibiting multiple color effects |
| FR2645077A1 (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1990-10-05 | Bouillet Jean Noel | Method for decorating a support by means of marbling and resulting support |
| US5879742A (en) * | 1995-10-02 | 1999-03-09 | Voigt; Richard M. | Surface coated object and method for coating the surface |
-
1935
- 1935-06-17 US US26933A patent/US2078007A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2964486A (en) * | 1957-06-24 | 1960-12-13 | Napoleon M Bernier | Coating composition |
| US3125484A (en) * | 1959-11-12 | 1964-03-17 | Flexible plastic sheet haying | |
| US3219734A (en) * | 1961-06-19 | 1965-11-23 | Mearl Corp | Method of making nacreous cast plastic exhibiting multiple color effects |
| FR2645077A1 (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1990-10-05 | Bouillet Jean Noel | Method for decorating a support by means of marbling and resulting support |
| US5879742A (en) * | 1995-10-02 | 1999-03-09 | Voigt; Richard M. | Surface coated object and method for coating the surface |
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