US2077004A - Surface covering and method of making same - Google Patents
Surface covering and method of making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2077004A US2077004A US566816A US56681631A US2077004A US 2077004 A US2077004 A US 2077004A US 566816 A US566816 A US 566816A US 56681631 A US56681631 A US 56681631A US 2077004 A US2077004 A US 2077004A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- saturant
- felt
- oil
- drying
- pigment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 24
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000276489 Merlangius merlangus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000002834 Paulownia tomentosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010678 Paulownia tomentosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZLFVRXUOSPRRKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl2138372 Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N=NC1=C(O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 ZLFVRXUOSPRRKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005012 oleoresinous Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- VVNRQZDDMYBBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium 1-[(1-sulfonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl]naphthalen-2-olate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=CC2=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(N=NC3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=C3O)=CC=C21 VVNRQZDDMYBBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N1/00—Linoleum, e.g. linoxyn, polymerised or oxidised resin
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/16—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with oil varnishes, i.e. drying oil varnishes, preferably linseed-oil-based; factice (sulfurised oils), Turkish birdlime, resinates reacted with drying oils; naphthenic metal salts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24851—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24893—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material
- Y10T428/24901—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material including coloring matter
Definitions
- the saturant commonly used in flooring felt is asphalt.
- This saturant necessitates the use of a backing to prevent the staining of floors by the asphalt and a seal coat to prevent the staining of the decorative pattern by the bleeding of the asphalt into the pattern coat.
- These backings and seal coats are a source of trouble in that they seldom seal perfectly and they tend to reduce the flexibility of the sheet.
- the backing has a further drawback in that it causes abrasionof the pattern when the sheet is rolled for shipment.
- a suitable saturant we may oxidize 1300 pounds of linseed oil and 200 pounds of corn oil at 180 F. in a mechanical oxidizing machine until a firm, non-sticky gel results on cooling. 400 pounds of rosin, 100 pounds of paracoumarone resin and the above gel are added in a kettle at 437 F. until a completely homogeneous liquid results. This liquid is then thinned in a kettle with 500 pounds of mineral spirit paint thinner and used at a temperature of'l45 F. Alternatively, the mineral thinner may be omitted and the felt saturated with the molten saturant at 425 F.
- saturant may increase the softness and flexibility of the saturant by increasing the corn oil content. We may make the saturant softer and more sticky by reducing the proportion of resin used. By decreasing the degree of oxidation of the oil, we obtain a saturant of a more oily type.
- a satisfactory saturant may be formed from any suitable drying or semi-drying oil or any mixture thereofwithout the addition of any resin.
- the degree of pre-oxidation of the drying or semi-drying oil may be varied to some extent.
- the oil is always sufficiently pre-oxidized so as to prevent any danger of combustion when the saturant is hardened.
- pre-oxidizing the oil We also shorten the period of time required for drying the sheet after it has been impregnated with the saturant. This is an important item in that it speeds up the entire process.
- saturants of pre-oxidized oils either with or without the addition of resins, will impart to a felt a clean and unstained surface.
- the unstained appearance of the surface will not depend upon the effectiveness of the seal coat because the saturant, after hardening, will be insoluble in any paint or lacquer vehicle. Accordingly, we may use a saturant such as we have described without any seal coat and may decorate the surface of the felt by means of any suitable pigment after the saturant has hardened.
- the pigment added may be an inorgarlic pigment such as umber, chrome green, chrome yellow, or the like, or it may be an organic pigment such as lithol red, toluidine red,
- pigments of the classes described we are not restricted to pigments of the classes described.
- pigment we intend the term pigment to be broad enough to include the class of fillers which will impart a characteristic Examples of such materials are lithopone, titanium oxide, zinc sulphide and the like.
- a filler such as whiting or china clay to the saturant to add to its body.
- the single step of impregnating the felt with the combined saturant and pigment will effectively saturate and decorate the felt.
- the pigment may be applied to the felt as a solid color, or different pigments combined with portions of the saturant may be applied to a sheet of felt to form any suitable design.
- the combined pigment and saturant can be applied to the felt in any desired design by means of a printing machine commonly used to print designs on felt base floor coverings. Although the saturant will impregnate the felt, the printing machine will not allow suflicient time to elapse between the successive printing operations for the pigment to spread and run laterally of the sheet.
- a felt saturant that may be hardened in a comparatively short period of time without any danger of combustion.
- the saturant is also capable of being pigmented so that the felt may be saturated and decorated in a single operation.
- any felt that is capable of forming a base for a fioor or wall covering may be treated in the manner we have described.
- the requisite characteristics for suitable felts are strength and porosity.
- rag felts, rag-paper felts, and alpha cellulose felts are particularly suitable for use in connection with our invention.
- a surface covering material comprising an absorbent felt web and pigmented waterproof materials carried by said web in design relation throughout substantially its entire area extending thereinto and filling the voids therein, said materials each including an oil preoxidized to the point where a substantially solid gel results at a temperature of about F. and collectively constituting a waterproofing, protecting and decorative medium for said Web.
- a surface covering comprising an absorbent felt web carrying throughout its area a plurality of pigmented waterproof materials disposed in design relation, each of said materials being composed of a mixture of an oil preoxidized to the point where a substantially solid gel results at a temperature of about 70 F., a resin and a pigment, and differing from one another by the character of its pigment, said materials filling the voids in the web and constituting a waterproof, decorative and protective saturant for said web.
- the steps consisting in applying a plurality of pigmented waterproof materials containing an oil preoxidized to the point where a substantially solid gel results at a temperature of about 70 F. to an absorbent felt web in design relation to simultaneously deco-rateand protectively saturate the web by filling the voids therein and by imparting color to the surface and interior thereof; and drying said web.
Description
Patented Apr. 13, 1937 SURFACE COVERING AND METHOD OF MAK- ING SAME l Philip H. Pennell and Charles H. Draper, Mannheim Township, Lancaster County, Pa., as- I signors to Armstrong Cork Company, Lancaster, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Application October 3, 1931, Serial No. 566,816
3 Claims.
It is an object of our invention to provide a surface covering of felt that is saturated and decorated in a permanent manner with a minimum of expense. It is a further object of our 5 invention to provide a sheet of felt suitable for use as a floor or wall covering that will retain its decorative effect throughout the life of the felt. It is a further object of our invention to provide a method whereby a sheet of felt may be saturated and decorated in a single operation. Other objects of our invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which it appertains upon reading the annexed specification.
The saturant commonly used in flooring felt is asphalt. This saturant necessitates the use of a backing to prevent the staining of floors by the asphalt and a seal coat to prevent the staining of the decorative pattern by the bleeding of the asphalt into the pattern coat. These backings and seal coats are a source of trouble in that they seldom seal perfectly and they tend to reduce the flexibility of the sheet. The backing has a further drawback in that it causes abrasionof the pattern when the sheet is rolled for shipment.
" Another disadvantage of the asphalt saturated sheet is that it does not recover readily after indentation, thus giving rise to an unsightly appearance and to unsatisfactory wear. An asphalt saturant is obviously unsuited for combination with any decorative pigment because of the objectionable color of the asphalt.
Saturants composed of drying oils, such as linseed,'tung and the like have been tried. These saturants have not proved satisfactory because in drying them an excessive quantity of heat is liberated so that spontaneous combustion with active burning of the saturated felt frequently results.
We have devised a method whereby it is possible for us to use either drying or semi-drying oils, either alone or in combination with each other as a saturant for felt. The difficulties in connection with their use are eliminated by the pre-oxidation of the oil.
' We pre-oxidize any suitable oil or mixture of oils which may include linseed oil, China-wood oil, fish oil, corn oil, soya bean oil, or any oil of a similar nature, to the point at which a solid gel results when the batch is cooled to 70 F. We prefer, generally, to use some drying oil with any of the semi-drying oils in order to speed up the drying of the saturant.
The gel thus formed is heated in a kettle at a suitable temperature with a suitable synthetic 55 or natural resin. We add sufficient resin to pro- (Cl. til-67.9)
duce the desired physical properties in the saturant. After heating the mix until a complete fusion of resin and gel has resulted, we may thin harden in the felt without the evolution of any appreciable amount of heat. Accordingly, the desirable properties of the oleoresinous type of saturant are realized without the danger. hf active combustion.
As an example of a suitable saturant, we may oxidize 1300 pounds of linseed oil and 200 pounds of corn oil at 180 F. in a mechanical oxidizing machine until a firm, non-sticky gel results on cooling. 400 pounds of rosin, 100 pounds of paracoumarone resin and the above gel are added in a kettle at 437 F. until a completely homogeneous liquid results. This liquid is then thinned in a kettle with 500 pounds of mineral spirit paint thinner and used at a temperature of'l45 F. Alternatively, the mineral thinner may be omitted and the felt saturated with the molten saturant at 425 F.
It will be understood that the above formula is recited only as an example and that the scope of the invention includes other resins, other oils, other combinations of oils and resins, and other manipulations. We may change the formula for the saturant in order to impart special properties to the saturant. For example, we
may increase the softness and flexibility of the saturant by increasing the corn oil content. We may make the saturant softer and more sticky by reducing the proportion of resin used. By decreasing the degree of oxidation of the oil, we obtain a saturant of a more oily type.
A satisfactory saturant may be formed from any suitable drying or semi-drying oil or any mixture thereofwithout the addition of any resin. As an example, we may use a mixture of 1200 pounds of linseed oil and 300 pounds of corn oil. In this case, we stop the oxidation of the oil just short of thepoint where a solid gel would result on cooling. If the oil is oxidized to a solid gel, as is the case when resin is to be added, the gel can not be dissolved or dispersed in volatile solvents. By stopping the oxidation short of the solid gel stage, we obtain a pro-oxidized oil that is still soluble in suitable volatile solvents, such as hydrocarbon distillates of either the saturated or unsaturated type. This pro-oxidized oil satcolor to the saturant when added thereto.
urant will dry without liberating sufiicient heat to ignite the saturated sheet during the drying process.
The degree of pre-oxidation of the drying or semi-drying oil may be varied to some extent. The oil is always sufficiently pre-oxidized so as to prevent any danger of combustion when the saturant is hardened. By pre-oxidizing the oil, We also shorten the period of time required for drying the sheet after it has been impregnated with the saturant. This is an important item in that it speeds up the entire process.
The use of saturants of pre-oxidized oils, either with or without the addition of resins, will impart to a felt a clean and unstained surface. The unstained appearance of the surface will not depend upon the effectiveness of the seal coat because the saturant, after hardening, will be insoluble in any paint or lacquer vehicle. Accordingly, we may use a saturant such as we have described without any seal coat and may decorate the surface of the felt by means of any suitable pigment after the saturant has hardened.
We may combine the steps of saturating and decorating the felt by adding a suitable pigment to the saturant before the saturant is applied to the felt. The pigment added may be an inorgarlic pigment such as umber, chrome green, chrome yellow, or the like, or it may be an organic pigment such as lithol red, toluidine red,
or the like. However, we are not restricted to pigments of the classes described. We intend the term pigment to be broad enough to include the class of fillers which will impart a characteristic Examples of such materials are lithopone, titanium oxide, zinc sulphide and the like. We may add a filler such as whiting or china clay to the saturant to add to its body.
.The single step of impregnating the felt with the combined saturant and pigment will effectively saturate and decorate the felt. The pigment may be applied to the felt as a solid color, or different pigments combined with portions of the saturant may be applied to a sheet of felt to form any suitable design. The combined pigment and saturant can be applied to the felt in any desired design by means of a printing machine commonly used to print designs on felt base floor coverings. Although the saturant will impregnate the felt, the printing machine will not allow suflicient time to elapse between the successive printing operations for the pigment to spread and run laterally of the sheet.
It will be seen that we have devised a felt saturant that may be hardened in a comparatively short period of time without any danger of combustion. The saturant is also capable of being pigmented so that the felt may be saturated and decorated in a single operation.
Although we have not specified any particular type of felt, it will be understood that any felt that is capable of forming a base for a fioor or wall covering may be treated in the manner we have described. The requisite characteristics for suitable felts are strength and porosity. We have found rag felts, rag-paper felts, and alpha cellulose felts are particularly suitable for use in connection with our invention,
While we have disclosed certain specific embodiments of our invention, it will be understood that details thereof maybe varied without departing from the spirit or scope of our invention and we do not desire to be bound by the specific examples cited except as set forth in the appended claims. y
We claim:
1'. A surface covering material comprising an absorbent felt web and pigmented waterproof materials carried by said web in design relation throughout substantially its entire area extending thereinto and filling the voids therein, said materials each including an oil preoxidized to the point where a substantially solid gel results at a temperature of about F. and collectively constituting a waterproofing, protecting and decorative medium for said Web.
2. A surface covering comprising an absorbent felt web carrying throughout its area a plurality of pigmented waterproof materials disposed in design relation, each of said materials being composed of a mixture of an oil preoxidized to the point where a substantially solid gel results at a temperature of about 70 F., a resin and a pigment, and differing from one another by the character of its pigment, said materials filling the voids in the web and constituting a waterproof, decorative and protective saturant for said web.
3. In the method of forming a decorated surface covering, the steps consisting in applying a plurality of pigmented waterproof materials containing an oil preoxidized to the point where a substantially solid gel results at a temperature of about 70 F. to an absorbent felt web in design relation to simultaneously deco-rateand protectively saturate the web by filling the voids therein and by imparting color to the surface and interior thereof; and drying said web.
1 PHILIP H. PENNELL.
CHARLES H. DR-APER.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US566816A US2077004A (en) | 1931-10-03 | 1931-10-03 | Surface covering and method of making same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US566816A US2077004A (en) | 1931-10-03 | 1931-10-03 | Surface covering and method of making same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2077004A true US2077004A (en) | 1937-04-13 |
Family
ID=24264488
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US566816A Expired - Lifetime US2077004A (en) | 1931-10-03 | 1931-10-03 | Surface covering and method of making same |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2077004A (en) |
-
1931
- 1931-10-03 US US566816A patent/US2077004A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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